RU3835U1 - BALALAIKA - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Balalaika, containing a body, which consists of a triangular soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, rivets and a back, as well as a neck with a tuning mechanism, strings, a nut and a support for strings, characterized in that the body is made of four rivets, the back plane makes an angle α equal to 27 - 33 with the plane of the deck and has the shape of a convex pentagon, the sides of which, adjacent to the base, form an angle β with it, equal to 42 - 48, and the angle at the apex of the pentagon formed by the lower sides of the central rivets makes an angle γ equal to 137 - 143, while the working length of the strings is L = 355 ± 5 mm, and the proportions of the shaping elements of the instrument satisfy the ratios A / L = 1.5 - 1.6; B / L = 0.65 - 0.70; C / L = 0.83 - 0.89; H / L = 0.25 - 0.27; D / B = 1.05 - 1.20, where A is the length of the instrument; B is the length of the body; C is the width of the body; D is the length of the side of the deck; H is the height of the body along the back. 2. Balalaika according to claim 1, characterized in that the parameters of the resonator hole satisfy the conditions d / B = 0.06 - 0.08; E / B = 0.5 - 0.6, where d is the diameter of the resonator hole; E is the distance from the center of the resonator hole to the base of the soundboard. 3. The balalaika according to claim 1, characterized in that supporting marks are applied to the surface of the neck, the centers of symmetry of which are located on the lines of the projections of the strings on the surface of the neck and are spaced from the nut at a distance of (0.08 - 0.10) L, (0.14 - 0.15) L, (0.19 - 0.21) L, (0.23 - 0.25) L under the first string, at a distance (0.035 - 0.045) L under the second string and at a distance (0.08 - 0.10) L under the third string, while the ratio of the height h of the nut above the surface of the neck to the height h of the stand satisfies the condition h / h = 0.1 - 0.15.

Description

BALALAIKA

The utility model relates to stringed instrument instruments in particular, balalaikas and can be used to teach children musical literacy in the process of learning to play an instrument.

Famous balalaika design N.A. Komarov, S.N. Fedyunin. Production and repair of plucked musical instruments. - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1988. - S. II4-I28 has a historically formed body shape, consisting of a triangular flat deck, which covers some conical surface, composed of 5-10 wedges (rivets), the lower sides of which are connected with a flat back, forming an acute angle with a tool deck. Grugf balalaika has the usual shape for plucked instruments and consists of a handle tapering upwards, in which a head with a pecking mechanism is built in to adjust the strings stretched over the surface of the neck and deck. To play the instrument, plucking or rattling along the strings in the area of the resonator hole made in the deck are used.

The originality of the timbre and the acoustic characteristics of the instrument are largely determined by the shape and dimensions of the deck, as well as the parameters of the resonant volume of the case. The table shows the optimal ranges of changes in the size of the main forming elements of the instrument for a family of three-stringed balalaika with a different system, which were determined in the process of improving its design.

The main parameters of the balalaika

Table

Indicator

Przhma 435 - 450 Length of the working part of the string, mm 675 - 685 Length of the tool A, 1.50-1.57 275 - 290 Length of the body B, mm 0.61-0.66 420 - 435 Width of the body on the base C, mm 0 , 93-1.00 НО - 120 Hull height at the rear Н, mm 0.24 - 0.2 Deck Toshchina, mm 19 - 24 Number of frets

The well-known batgalshage are intended for adult performers and are unsuitable for children of younger age gh) ups due to the large overall dimensions. Mastering the technique of playing the shute instrument requires a free orientation among the modes designed to produce a chromatic scale on the instrument due to shortening

working part of a string A long neck, a large number of la, tsov hinder the process of teaching children, because strings ji frets are not immediately associated with the traditional musical notation

Second

Bass

Alt 2 475 - 490 490 - 515 750-780 745 - 765 800 - 820 II20-II60 1.55-1.671.43-1.54 1.52-1.61 310 - 325 325 - 355500-535 0.63- 0.68 0.63-0.720.64-0.71 485 - 500 510 - 525700-735 0.99-1.070.89-0.98 0.98-1.05 145 - 155200-220 130 - 145 0.26- 0.30 0.28-0.310.26-0.28 2.5 3 2.5 15 18

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- $ Publish 1985; J 4712464, MKI GIOX) I / 02, publication 1987; No. 4751503, MKI G09 B 15/02, publication 1988; French application J 2648258, MKI G09 B 15/02, publication 1990, common signs of which are plates imitating the neck, with a grid applied on them, depicting strings and frets, at the intersections of which are pressed the note of note and the conventional symbols denoting certain notes.

However, the use of these benefits is not related to playing the instrument, leads to rapid fatigue of the child and reduces interest in learning.

Famous children's stringed plucked instrument (mandolin), art. U-085/1309 Product catalog of the Odessa factory of musical instruments, - Odessa, 1968. having a deck fastened with a shell and a pear-shaped bottom, neck with a peg mechanism, three strings, fortified with second ends in the lower part of the body and raised above the deck by means of a stand. Small sizes (length 320 mm, width - 158 mm, case height - 35 mm) allow children to use the tool. The disadvantages of the instrument are its low acoustic characteristics, due to the simplified shape of the body, and the limited range of sound associated with the lack of fret plates on the fretboard, which does not allow fully mastering the technical techniques of playing the stringed instrument,

A balalaika was chosen as a prototype of a utility model - prima as having the smallest size in a series of well-known balalaikas, which began to spread in folk orchestras N, A Komarov, S, N, Fedyushin, Production and repair of plucked musical instruments. - M ,: Legprshbytizdat, 1988 The prototype device contains a six-riveted case with a triangular deck with a resonating hole, three strings, the first ends of which are fixed in the ring mechanism on the head of the neck, are tensioned above the surface

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neck and soundboard with support on the upper nut, pedal and lower nut, and the second ends are mounted on the rear of the body by means of buttons. The dimensions of the balalaika prima satisfy the ratios given in the table.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is the size of the instrument and technical difficulties in mastering the techniques of playing it. For performers who are not familiar with the first letter of appreciation.

The purpose of the utility model is to develop an instrument with a sound timbre and acoustic characteristics of a balalaika and intended for children of a younger age group.

The essence of the utility model is that in a balalaika containing a body, which consists of a triangular deck equipped with a resonating hole, rivets and backs, as well as a fingerboard with a ring mechanism, strings, a nut and a stand for strings, the body is four-riveted, the back plane makes an angle J (27-33) ® with the plane of the deck and has a convex pentagon, the extreme sides of which form an angle G (42-48) with its base, and the angle at the apex of the pentagon, formed by the lower sides of the central rivets, is G (137-143) °. With the working length of the strings. L (355 ± 5JMM tool dimensions satisfy the ratios:

- (1.5 - 1.6) (I)

- (0-65 - 0.70) (2)

- (0.83 - 0.89) (3)

-JL (0.25 - 0.27) (4)

„,

H is the height of the body n © rear.

In addition, the following relationships are satisfied:

- 0.5-0.6 (5)

-i 1.05-1.20 (6)

- 0.06-0.08 (7)

D is the side of the deck,

d is the diameter of the cavity,

E is the distance from the center of the cavity to the base of the deck.

In addition, support signs are applied to the surface of the neck, the centers of symmetry of which are separated from the upper nut by the distances of (0.08-0.10) /,, (0.14-0.15) L, (0, I9-0.2I) L, (0.23-0.25) L under the first string, at a distance of (0.035-0.045) /, under the second string and at a distance of (0.08-0.10) L under the third string, with the ratio of height l of the upper nut above the surface of the neck to the height of /) 2 supports satisfy the condition

-Ai 0.1-0.15 (8)

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, on which:

FIG. I - balalaika, front view,

FIG. 2 - the same, rear view,

FIG. 3 - the same side view, a section in a vertical plane,

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the correspondence of reference marks of traditional musical notation.

- The forming elements of the case are a three-deck deck 3 having a height B corresponding to the length of the tool body, base C and side D, as well as four rivets 4 to 7 and a flat back 8, forming the back surface of the body I. The backside 8 (FIG. 2) has the shape of a convex pentagon, the base of which is connected to the base of the deck 3, and the sides are connected with the bottom wide sides of the rive © to 4-7, forming a broken line. Moreover, the angle of inclination of the extreme lateral sides of the back to the base is (42-48) °, and the angle at the apex of the pentagon, formed by the lower sides of the central rivets 5 and 6, is (137-143) °. The plane of the back 8 forms an angle L (27-33) ° with the plane of the deck. 3 (FIG. 3). The height of the body along the back of H is determined by the distance between the deck 3 and the top of the pentagon of the back of 8, Deck 3 has a resonator hole 9 of diameter d, spaced from the base of the deck by a distance E,

The neck 2 of the balalaika consists of a handle 10 having a parabolic section, tapering in the direction from the neck II, into which the narrow upper sides of the rivets 4 - 7 are glued to the inclined head 12, mounted in the handle 10 at an angle (10-15) ° (see FIG. 3), A sticker 13 is glued to the flat surface of the handle 10, the lower end of which enters the deck and is scratched with it. The head 12 is equipped with a peg mechanism 14 for attaching the first ends of the strings 15 - 17 and regulating their tension. At the base of the head 12, in the place of the break of the neck 2, an upper nut 18 with slots is installed, having a height of у7 / above the plane of the n.s. tgeshi and designed to raise and distribute 2 strings 15 - 17 on the neck surface, which are supported on the lower part of deck 3 stand 19 of height h, also equipped with slots, and the lower nut 20, mounted on the rear 8 using buttons 21, the Optimum string tension is characterized by the ratio of 0.1-0.15. String length L defined by Y (f

is (355 i 5) wah.

The proportions of the tool satisfy the relations (I) - (7)

On the surface of the neck 2. colorful support signs 22-27 are applied, the centers of symmetry of which are located on the projection lines of the strings 15-17 on the plane of the sticker 13 of the graph and are separated from the upper nut 18 by a distance of s. In this case, the sign 22 is placed under the second string 16 (0,035-0,045) /,, circles 23 and 24 are located under the third string 17 and under the first string 15, respectively, at a distance of (0.08-0.10) /. The remaining characters are plotted under the first string 15 as follows: rectangle 25 - at a distance i, (0.14-0.15) Z, and multi-colored circles 26 and 27 at distances (0.19-0.21) A i i (0 , 23-0.25) /,, respectively.

Sounds are extracted from the instrument by the child in the usual ways: by bringing the strings into vibrational motion by striking or pinching in the region of the resonator hole 9 in deck 3. This leads to excitation of the internal cavity of the instrument body and amplification of sound emission by the deck, which comes into vibrational motion due to the action of the strings 15 -17 on stand1 (at 19, rigidly connected to deck 3,

It was experimentally established that for a selected ratio of the proportions of the forming elements of the case that satisfy the conditions (I) - (4), the instrument has a characteristic balalaika timbre and high sound quality due to the fact that the parameters of the resonant volume of the body cavity are in harmonic relationship with the natural frequencies of radiation decks 3,

The small size of the tool is convenient for children of a younger age group.

- the sound range of the strings 15-17, which with the selected scale

L (355.-5) mm and using the reference signs 22 - 27 is one octave. The free-sounding strings are tuned to the D-MJRR tonal chord: the first string 15 is for the first octave, the second string 16 is F-sharp, the third string 17 is D. The string 17 was made with brass winding onto a steel core with a diameter of (0.3 + 0.17) mm, strings 15 and 16 steel with a diameter of 0.28 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. The opera marks 22 - 27 on the neck 2 indicate the places where the strings are pressed, allowing to increase the frequency of the emitted sound by half a tone (signs 22, 25, 26, 27) or by one tone (signs 23, 24), which is illustrated by the circuit shown in FIG. 4, So, for example, by pressing the strings 15 and 16 on the circles 24 and 22, respectively, with a free string 17 get a tonal chord of a minor major. The position of the characters 22, 23, 25 corresponds to the dominator chord. With free 16 and 17 strings and a string 15 pressed to a straight golnik 25, an incomplete dominantseccord from re, etc., is obtained. Sequential overkill of the strings starting from the third string 17 and using the characters 23, 22, 24, 26.27 reproduce the gamut of remorse . The G major scale is performed in the following sequence: string 16, pressed to sign 22 - free string 15 - jttfi; - string 15, sequentially shortened by pressing to signs 24 - si, 25, 27 - string 17, pressed to sign 23 - free string 16 - f-sharp; 16, sign 22.

Optimum string tension for scale, (355 - 5) mm

characterized by the selected ratio -, while the location of the supporting eacs differs from the musical instruments used for breaking frets commonly used in the practice of constructing SHCHISSVOBOS. This is due to the fact that the distortion of the sound caused by the additional tension of the string pressed to the neck is most significant - / /

venn © with small string lengths, and in addition, the force exerted. my child for pressing the string is weaker than that of adult performers.

The proposed set of features of the utility model, which determines the acoustic and performing capabilities of the instrument, is unknown from the prior art and is essential for solving the task, namely: creating a children's instrument with high-quality sound in the range of a children's voice and convenient for educational purposes.

The industrial applicability of the utility model is provided by the use of materials, technological processes and devices known in the serial production of plucked string instruments.

Deco 3 balalaikas are made of planks of resonant spruce with a thickness of (3-4) mm and a width of (60-70) mm, selecting workpieces according to the thickness of annual layers. After gluing, the deck is planed to a thickness of (2-2.5) mm and cut according to the template. For the production of rivets 4-7, hardwood, preferably maple, is used, t € “ptsino1 2.5 shl. The back of 8 is cut out using a template from a spruce plank with a thickness of 10 mm. The gluing of the details of the case I is done with a glue, using standard devices. Vulture 2 is machined from lumber waste. The small dimensions allow the inclined heads of the GZA to be integral with the handle 10, the Sticker 13 (3-4) mm thick is glued to the handle 10, and with its lower protruding end to the deck 3, which contributes to a whiter stronger fastening of the neck 2 to the body I, Support signs 22-27 are painted or made of foil and inlaid in the sticker 13,

,. X Wooeeeeo

- Grams and rules for recording. At the first stages of learning the child, he owns the technique of squeaking p® strings and is familiar with solid accords: D major, open strings, C major (characters 22, 24), D major 22, 23, 25). Pfsle 8t0g © the student proceeds to the use of the pinch technique, performing simple pieces and using scores written in bright characters. Further transition to the game ne and © there, as a rule, does not cause difficulties. Teaching in a clamping form is associated with the direct use of the instrument by the child and does not calm him down.

Claims (3)

1. A balalaika containing a body, which consists of a triangular deck equipped with a resonating hole, rivets and backs, as well as a neck with a ring mechanism, strings, upper nut and a stand for strings, characterized in that the body is four-riveted, the back plane makes an angle α equal to 27 - 33 ^o with the deck plane and has the shape of a convex pentagon, the sides of which, adjacent to the base form with it an angle β equal to 42 - 48 ^o, and the angle at the apex of the pentagon formed by the lower sides of the central staves, sost It makes an angle γ, is equal to 137 - 143 ^o, with the working length of string is L = 355 ± 5 mm and the proportion of shaping tool elements satisfy relations
A / L = 1.5 - 1.6; B / L = 0.65 - 0.70; C / L = 0.83 - 0.89;
H / L = 0.25 - 0.27; D / B = 1.05 - 1.20,
where A is the length of the tool;
B is the length of the housing;
C is the width of the body;
D is the length of the side of the deck;
H - hull height on the rear. 2. Balalaika according to claim 1, characterized in that the parameters of the resonant hole satisfy the conditions
d / B = 0.06 - 0.08; E / B = 0.5 - 0.6,
where d is the diameter of the cavity;
E is the distance from the center of the cavity to the base of the deck. 3. Balalaika according to claim 1, characterized in that the support marks are applied to the neck surface, the centers of symmetry of which are located on the lines of the projections of the strings onto the neck surface and are separated from the upper nut by distances (0.08 - 0.10) L, (0 , 14 - 0.15) L, (0.19 - 0.21) L, (0.23 - 0.25) L under the first string, to a distance of (0.035 - 0.045) L under the second string and to a distance (0 , 08 - 0.10) L under the third string, and the ratio of the height h _{1 of the} upper nut over the neck to the height h _{2 of the} stand satisfies the condition h ₁ / h ₂ = 0.1 - 0.15.