RU99U1 - Plucked musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

A plucked musical instrument containing a fretboard and strings connected with a body formed by interconnected shells, an eight-shaped bottom and a deck having a voice hole, characterized in that when the working length of the string is 372 - 378 mm, the instrument has the following size ratios: B / L = 0.680 - 0.700; A / L = 1,500 - 1,600; CH / B = 0.788 - 0.800; CB / B = 0.570 - 0.580; N / A = 0.210 - 0.225; ST / CH = 0.660 - 0.680; D / B = 0.150 - 0.160, where B is the length of the housing; L is the working length of the string; A is the length of the tool; CH is the width of the lower oval; CB is the width of the upper oval; H is the height of the housing; ST - body width at the waist; D is the diameter of the spine hole.

Description

The utility model relates to the construction of stringed plucked instruments intended for children of preschool and primary school age.

It is known that the common structural elements of plucked tools are the body and neck, ending with a head with

ring mechanism for fastening strings that are stretched over the surface of the upper cover (dec) of the housing .-,

playing the instrument is carried out by putting the otrun into free oscillatory motion by means of an impact-.JJM pinch. The working length and tension force of the strings, their number and physical and mechanical properties determine the structure and range of sound. Acoustic characteristics (timbre, sound strength, duration of sound attenuation) depend on the choice of the shape and proportions of the body relative to the scale (working length of the string) of the instrument.

The wide distribution and popularity of the guitar due to its versatility and portability. Classical guitar L.L. Bandas, I.A. Kuznetsov. Production and repair of plucked musical instruments. - M.: Legpishcheprom, 1983. - with. 20 has a peculiar, historically formed shape of the body, concave on the sides in the form of a figure of eight, in which the lower oval is larger than the upper.

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The forming elements of the body are shells (right and left), counterbugs that give rigidity to side surfaces and increase the area for gluing the bottom and deck, and upper and lower glue connecting shell shells. The deck is equipped with a gallon hole. A guitar neck bar is mounted in the upper part of the body, consisting of a handle, a head and a sticker with fret plates that change the sound of the string by half a ton and points for orienting and finding frets during the game. In the lower part of the deck, under the voice-over hole, there is a stand for strings, which ensures the transfer of their vibrations to the deck and the excitation of sound emission from the deck. To raise the strings above the fret plates and place them across the width of the neck, a threshold is used, which is installed in the place where the head is attached to the guitar handle. The distance between the nut and the stand determines the size of the working length of the strings (scale) of the guitar. Qualitative characteristics of the sound of a guitar are determined by the strength of the body structure, the shape, size and elasticity of the deck, which is an amplifier of sound over the entire range of the instrument's sound, and the volume of the resonating space of the body. To enrich the spectrum of the radiation (timbre) of the instrument with overtones, acoustic springs are placed on the deck and the bottom of the body in the form of bars of wood with high acoustic characteristics, the layout and geometry of which are selected experimentally.

In the process of improving the guitars, the optimal ratios of their geometric proportions were determined by L.L. Bandas. Features of the production of high-class guitars / Sat. Local industry. Ser. 3. Production of musical instruments. Overview information. - Vol. 1 indicated in table. 1.

The main parameters of guitars, mm

Table 1

A common disadvantage of the considered tools is that they are designed for adult performers and cannot be used to teach children of preschool and primary school age due to their large overall dimensions.

Also known is children's nandolin art. U-085/2309 Product catalog of the Odessa factory of musical instruments. - Odessa. 1968 / the case of which consists of a pear-shaped top deck made of resonant spruce of radial sawing, flat bottom, shells. Overall dimensions of the tool:

length - 320 mm

width - 158 mm

case height - 35 mm.

The specified instrument has limited performance and low sound quality due to the simplified design of the case.

Also known is a guitar with improved acoustic characteristics according to A.S. N 1327158, cl. G01D 1/08, publication 07/30/87, the dimensions of the case of which have the original proportions shown in the table. 2, in comparison with famous guitars.

Proportions of GUITAR CASES

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- 4 table 2

The well-known plucked musical instrument, adopted as a prototype, contains a fingerboard and strings connected with a body formed by interconnected shells, an eight-shaped bottom and a deck having a voice-hole.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the practical impossibility of using children of preschool and primary school age.

The objective of the utility model is to create a tool designed for young children, taking into account the anthropometric structure of the child and having high acoustic characteristics.

To solve this problem, a plucked musical instrument is proposed, containing the fretboard and strings associated with the body, which is formed by interconnected shells, an eight-shaped bottom and a deck having a gallon hole, and with a working length of the string (372 - 378) mm, the instrument has dimensions that satisfy the following relationships:

B / L (0.680 - 0.700), (1)

A / L (1/500 - 1,600), (2)

CH / B (0.788 - 0.800), (3)

CB / B (0.570 - 0.580), (4)

N / A (0.210 - 0.225), (5)

ST / CH (0.660 - 0.680), (6)

D / B (0.150 - 0.160), (7)

where B is the length of the housing,

L is the working length of the string, A is the length of the instrument, CH is the width of the lower oval of the body, CB is the width of the upper oval of the body, N is the height of the body, ST is the width of the body at the waist of the body, D is the diameter of the spine hole.

The essence of the molded model is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in FIG. 1 - plucked musical instrument - side view, in FIG. 2 is a front view.

8 With a pegging mechanism 9. Deck 1 is provided with a voice hole 10, below which there is a stand 11 for strings 12, mounted on the lower oval of the body by means of buttons 13. The upper horizontal surface of the handle 7 is provided with a sticker 14, which ends at the voice hole 10 of the body. A nut 15 is glued to the head 8 with slots for strings.

The basic tool size ratios satisfy conditions (1) - (7). In addition, the following size ratios are satisfied:

C / B (0.27 - 0.29), (8)

E / B (0.34 - 0.39), (9)

where C is the distance from the upper edge of the housing to the center of the glottal opening;

E is the distance from the upper edge of the body to the waist.

Sounds are extracted from the instrument by the child in the usual ways: by bringing the string into vibrational motion by means of a blow or a pinch.

The claimed combination of geometric proportions of the instrument is unknown from the prior art and confirms the novelty of the utility model.

The resonant frequency of the internal cavity, depending on its height, dimensions, position and diameter of the spine hole 10, the absorbing properties of materials and other parameters, is in harmony with the resonant frequencies of deck 1.

The selected proportions of deck 1 for a given scale do not require additional use of acoustic springs to increase the elasticity and tension of the deck.

The rigidity of the structure is ensured through the use of structural elements and technological methods used in the mass production of guitars.

Thus, with the overall small size of the instrument, it has high acoustic characteristics and creates a radiation spectrum rich in overtones, close to the sound of large guitars.

For the manufacture of guitars using materials known in the practice of manufacturing musical instruments. The shells 3 are made of double-layer peeled birch veneer, the outer layer of which has a longitudinal and the inner - transverse direction of the fibers, which facilitates the bending of the shells according to the shape of the template during assembly of the housing. Counter-nuts 4 are made of three-layer glued plywood. For the handle 7, the head 8, the glue 5,6, and the stand 11, billets of sawn wood of various species are used. The bottom 2 is performed according to the template from plywood, and deck 1 is made from the boards of a resonant spruce with a thickness of (3-5) mm. Tool parts can be glued, for example, using GOST 3252-80 glue and KFZh GOST 14231-78 resin. The sequence of assembly operations and the technological equipment used correspond to the technological process in serial production.

Thus, the proposed constructive solution of a children's plucked musical instrument is new, does not follow obviously from the prior art and satisfies the criterion of industrial applicability.

Sources of information

1.L.L. Bandas, I.A. Kuznetsov. Production and repair of plucked musical instruments. - M.: Legpishcheprom, 1983. - S.20.

2.L.L. Bandas. Features of the production of high-class guitars / Sat. Local industry. Ser. 3. Production of musical instruments. Overview information. - 1985 - Vol. 1.

3. Product catalog of Odessa musical instrument factory. - Odessa, 1968.

4.A.S. N1327158, cl. 10 1/08, publication 07/30/87. (prototype)

//.

- 7 Applicant

Director

Authors

Yu.A. Rtishchev

-ic E.Ya. Smelova Makarieva

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA

1. A plucked musical instrument containing a fretboard and strings connected with a body formed by interconnected shells, an eight-shaped bottom and a deck having a voice hole, characterized in that when the working length of the string (372 - 378) mm, the instrument has the following size ratios:

B / L (0.680 - 0.700),

A / L (1,500 - 1,600),

CH / B (0.788 - 0.800),

CE / B (0.570 - 0.580),

N / A (0.210 - 0.225),

ST / CH (0.660 - 0.680),

D / B (0.150 - 0.160),

where B is the length of the body, L is the working length of the string, A is the length of the instrument, CH is the width of the lower oval, CB is the width of the upper oval, N is the height of the body, ST is the width of the body at the waist, D is the diameter of the spine hole.

Sources of information

1.L.L. Bandas, I.A. Kuznetsov. Production and repair of plucked musical instruments. - M.: Legpishcheprom, 1983. - with. twenty.

2.L.L. Vandas. Features of the production of high-class guitars / Sat. Local industry. Ser. 3. Production of musical instruments. Overview information. - 1985 - Vol. 1.

3. Product catalog of Odessa musical instrument factory. Odessa, 1968

4.A.S. N 1327158, cl. 10 1/08, publication 07/30/87. (prototype)

.. ..

Applicant

Director

Authors

/

Yu.A. Rtishchev

E, I. Smelova

Claims (1)

A plucked musical instrument containing a fretboard and strings connected with a body formed by interconnected shells, an eight-shaped bottom and a deck having a voice hole, characterized in that when the working length of the string is 372 - 378 mm, the instrument has the following size ratios: B / L = 0.680 - 0.700; A / L = 1,500 - 1,600; CH / B = 0.788 - 0.800; CB / B = 0.570 - 0.580; N / A = 0.210 - 0.225; ST / CH = 0.660 - 0.680; D / B = 0.150 - 0.160, where B is the length of the housing; L is the working length of the string; A is the length of the tool; CH is the width of the lower oval; CB is the width of the upper oval; H is the height of the housing; ST - body width at the waist; D is the diameter of the spine hole.