RU3813U1 - THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC FURNACE FOR Smelting non-ferrous metals - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-phase electric furnace for melting non-ferrous metals, containing a vault, a casing, a hearth, electrodes lined with refractory material, installed in the vault with the possibility of moving vertically in the furnace working space, a loading window, a gas duct and a tap hole, characterized in that each of the electrodes is equipped with a separate drive , and the working space of the furnace is divided into three working chambers of equal volume and a smaller metal storage chamber with vertical partitions of refractory material with channels at the bottom level, working chambers in the septa at a height more than half the height of the partitions made additional channels, and each hearth in the processing chamber is mounted a graphite electrode connected to one of the phases of the transformer.

Description

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The utility model relates to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, in tiacTHOCTH to equipment for the processing of recycled non-ferrous metals.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed three-phase electric furnace for smelting non-ferrous metals is a three-phase three-electrode furnace for smelting secondary lead-containing raw materials (I.Audyakov, A.I. Doroshkevich, S.V. Parelov, metallurgy of secondary heavy non-ferrous metals, M ., Metallurgy, 19Sh, p.).

The known furnace contains a lined arch, a casing and a bench, electrodes, a loading window, a tap hole, a gas duct.

The necessary temperature in the furnace is maintained both due to the heat released during the passage of electric current through the slag melt, and as a result of the emission of electric arcs formed between the electrodes and the charge. Electric current is supplied into the furnace space by three graphitized electrodes, the ends of which are buried in the slag melt by ibO-45u mm.

The disadvantages of the known furnace are the uneven heating of the melt, the release of a large amount of heat in small areas of the melt in the places of formation of an electric arc between the electrodes and the material being heated, which leads to significant waste of metal.

The technical task to which development of the utility model is directed is to create an electric furnace with a higher b..11.d.

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-s The technical result obtained by using the proposed utility model is to reduce the loss of metal from fumes, due to the fact that the separation of the working space of the furnace into chambers with the installation of an electrode in each of them provides an optimal melting mode - rashomer heating due to a small volume of metal in the each working chamber, additional heat production due to the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte, this eliminates overheating of the metal. All this allows you to reduce the size of the furnace, increase efficiency furnaces and boost the SOW transformer.

Essence V solution: it concludes as follows.

|: 1construction of a three-phase electric furnace containing a arch, a casing, a bottom lined with refractory material, electrodes installed in the arch with the possibility of moving vertical noj in the working space of the furnace, a loading window, a gas duct, a tap hole, each of the electrodes being equipped with a separate drive, and the working space of the furnace is divided into three working chambers of equal volume and a smaller metal chambers with vertical partitions of refractory material with channels at the level of the bottom, and in the partitions of the workers to Amer on B1) 1 cell more than half the height of the partition wall Additional channels are filled, and a graphite electrode connected to one of the phases of the transformer is mounted in the bottom of each working chamber.

The separation of the furnace working space into three equal-volume working chambers with vertical partitions of refractory material with channels ensures the passage of current by electrodes and conductive heights and uniform heating of the entire melt volume in each working chamber.

iipotie 70GO, the installation of electrodes in each working chamber 18, equipped with a separate drive for raising and lowering, provides a smoother adjustment of the furnace operating mode, both by changing the current value and by changing the mei-pole distance, since the electrolyte resistance can be of different sizes due to the presence of impurities, temperature values, different amounts of waste loaded.

The presence of a metal piggy bank with a taphole placed in it facilitates furnace maintenance during removal of oxides and discharge of the finished metal. Stoppipes for the removal of process gases in the upper part of the roof near the ends of the furnace provides uniform removal of gases, reducing their speed and reducing the likelihood of their release at the time of loading.

ha figL depicts a three-phase electric furnace for melting non-ferrous metals, general view;

in Fig .: the same, a section along aa.

The utility model contains a rectangular steel casing 1 with steel plate d, vault 3, lined with refractory bricks. Partitions of refractory bricks 4,5,6 were installed inside the casing I, which divided the first chamber cavity into three working chambers 7, b, of the same volume and a metal storage chamber 10 with a volume of (i / 3 - X / d) of the working volume cameras. B the piggy bank of metal 10 is made baby 11 at a distance of not less than 30 cm from the hearth of the furnace. In the partitions 4,5,6 at the level of the hearth of the furnace, channels 1 are made with a size equal to the area of the brick connecting the chambers 6, 10 to create a common metal layer. In the partitions 4,5, additional channels 13 are made at a height equal to HD height of the partition.

Graphite electrodes 14 are mounted in the hearths of each working chamber with current-conducting elements sealed in them 15. Current-supporting elements 15 using flexible current leads 16, brought to one of the longitudinal sides of the furnace casing 1, connect the graphite electrodes of each working chamber 7, b, 9 s the poles of the three single-phase transformers ZbDL (not shown in the drawing). In each working chamber V, o, carbon electrodes 17 are mounted, mounted on id suspensions, passed through holes 1 in the roof of the furnace 3 and mounted on traverses Ш, rigidly connected to posts 1 made of steel channels. The electrodes 17 are mounted with the possibility of lifting and lowering each individually into the working chamber 7.6.9. raising and lowering of the electrodes 17 is carried out both manually (for example, using levers), and mechanically from motors through gearboxes and cables (not shown in the drawing). the electrodes 17 through flexible current leads "ck, brought to the same side of the furnace casing 1 as the flexible current leads 16, are connected to the poles of three single-phase transformers ZiuD4b (not shown in the drawing). Single-phase transformers through thyristor regulators mounted on one shield are connected with a power source (not shown in the drawing). At the top of the furnace roof 3, near the furnace ends, pipes 3 are installed for the removal of process gases, ha of the inclined surface of the furnace roof 3 above each working chamber 7, о, windows are made, closed by double-leaf doors L4, for loading raw materials and other technological operations.

Three-phase electric furnace for melting non-ferrous metals works as follows.

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In the working chambers of the furnace /, 0, with a 0–30 cm thick metal layer on the lens, we find a mixture of halide salts with a layer of OO-OO cm, pressing the metal layer in the iO metal-copy chamber reaches a level of 40-50 cm. Then through the windows i: 4 load alternately portions of aluminum waste of 30 kg per each working chamber U, d ,; with continuous transmission of alternating current by voltage and force -okA. The voltage is regulated by changing the current strength on the high side of the transformer or by changing the pole distance between the electrodes by raising and lowering the electrodes 17. After the aluminum is deposited in the metal piggy bank 10 with a layer of bO - bO cm, a gap il is opened and the aluminum is poured into the molds.

The proposed utility model of a three-phase furnace for the smelting of non-ferrous metals is applicable at non-ferrous metallurgy and engineering plants.

Claims (1)

A three-phase electric furnace for melting non-ferrous metals, containing a vault, a casing, a bottom, electrodes lined with refractory material, installed in the vault with the possibility of moving vertically in the furnace working space, a loading window, a gas duct and a tap hole, characterized in that each of the electrodes is equipped with a separate drive , and the working space of the furnace is divided into three working chambers of equal volume and a smaller metal storage chamber with vertical partitions of refractory material with channels at the bottom level, working chambers in the septa at a height more than half the height of the partitions made additional channels, and each hearth in the processing chamber is mounted a graphite electrode connected to one of the phases of the transformer.