RU35210U1 - Device for modeling damage to the human body - Google Patents

Description

DEVICE FOR MODELING HUMAN BODY INJURIES

The useful model refers to medicine, namely to devices used in forensic medicine.

One of the most common questions posed by forensic experts when examining injuries caused by blunt solid objects is the question of the strength of the impact (or impacts) that caused these injuries. Usually, experts assess the impact force as “large or” small, only occasionally resorting to mathematical calculations for these purposes. The specified assessment of the impact force is not only approximate, but also very subjective, which reduces its evidentiary value (A. V. Kapustin. On the expert assessment of the force of blows with blunt solid objects // Court. Medical expert. 1999, No. 1, P. 18 -20). Since the morphological features of injuries depend on the properties of the applied force (A. N. Gromov. Biomechanics of injury. M., 1979. - 270 p.), The resolution of this question is possible by comparing the nature of the investigated injuries with the experimental ones — on biomaniks caused by dosed strokes using accurate measuring equipment. At the same time, the industry does not produce such devices. However, the manufacture of devices to measure mechanical stress is an urgent task.

A device is known, proposed by the authors as a prototype, consisting of a hollow body, a cylindrical cup, a spring, a scale, a scale brake, a bolt and a clutch.

The device operates as follows.

When striking, the mechanical force is transferred to a cylindrical glass, which, compressing the spring, moves the scale by an amount corresponding to the applied force. After the cessation of mechanical action, the spring returns the cup to its original position, and the scale is fixed in the new position by the scale brake.

The final result is visually observed on a scale (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1144689, class A. 61 B 5/10, 1985)

The disadvantages of using this device in forensic practice include:

1. The device is not manufactured in a factory way, which limits its use in the production of examinations.

2. The necessity of tating the load scale in each handicraft manufactured device can lead to errors and cause serious errors in the measurement of forces.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to create a simple mechanical device that is not required; its special configuration, in which a dynamometer manufactured by the industry is used to measure forces.

The proposed device consists of a housing, a set of removable heads, striker, frame and a dynamometer DS-500. The housing (1) is made of a metal square profile with dimensions of 330x40x4 mm, the side surfaces of which are cut to a length of 300 mm from the front end.

A metal square plate is welded to the front end of the case; an adka (2) measuring 45x45x5 mm in the center of which there is a hole with a thread (3) with a diameter of 5 mm for attaching removable heads (4), is simulated; their impact surface of a blunt object, which depending on the tasks Experiments can be different both in shape (flat, spherical, wedge-shaped, etc.) and in the nature of the material: metal, wood, glass, etc.

On the upper and lower surfaces of the case there are two holes (5) with a diameter of 5.1 mm located 10 mm from the front end and two grooves (6) measuring 50x5.1 mm; they are 210 mm from the holes. The housing is intended for mounting the movable parts of the device, which is carried out by rods (7) installed in the holes and grooves of the housing.

e / L // a metal firing pin (8) freely moving in the anteroposterior direction is inserted into the rear end of the body, which is a parallelepiped with dimensions 90x30x30 mm, with a spike at the front end with dimensions 30x20x6 mm. In the center of the spike there is a hole with a diameter of 5.1 mm for attaching the frame.

A frame (9) of a rhomboid shape, assembled from four identical metal strips of 180x30x10 mm in size, with through holes (10) at the ends of these strips movably connected to each other and fixed by rods, is installed in the body. The front corner of the frame is fixed by the rod in the holes of the housing, and the rear corner of the frame is connected by the rod through the hole in the spike with the striker and is fixed in the grooves of the housing.

A DS500 deadweight dynamometer (11) is attached to the side corners inside the frame using two brackets (12) connected to the rods.

The device operates as follows.

When striking, the mechanical force is transmitted through the hammer 8 to the diamond-shaped frame 9, which, compressing in the anteroposterior direction, stretches the dynamometer I, and the force is transmitted to the head 4, which simulates the striking surface of a blunt object. The force measurement is carried out visually on the dynamometer scale after the termination of the load. To prepare the device for subsequent measurements, the dynamometer needle must be returned to the zero position.

The advantage of this device is that in forensic practice it has become possible to measure with great accuracy the mechanical forces in kilogram-forces according to the MKGSS system, and if necessary, after recalculation, in newtons according to the SI system, which makes it possible to unify the observation results.

The device is simple, it can be made according to drawings in artisanal conditions, it does not require pre-adjustment before work, as it uses a dynamometer commercially available from the industry.

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The device allows you to change the type of impact - compression, bending, stretching, impact, etc.

The device allows you to determine the strength limits of various tissues.

The device allows with high accuracy to simulate the main parameters of the impact - the strength and area of the impacting surface.

Work with the device does not require a large investment of time and additional training, which allows you to use it in everyday forensic practice.

Claims (1)

Device for modeling damage to the human body, characterized in that the device consists of a body, a set of removable heads, a striker, frame and a dynamometer DS-500, while the body is made of a metal square profile, dimensions 330x440x4 mm, the side surfaces of which are cut to a length of 300 mm from the front end, and a metal platform 45x45x5 mm in size is welded to the front end of the body, in the center of which there is a hole with a thread with a diameter of 5 mm, with screwed removable heads, on the upper and lower surfaces There are two round holes with a diameter of 5.1 mm at a distance of 10 mm from the front end, and at a distance of 210 mm from these holes there are two slots 50 mm long and 5.1 mm wide, a freely moving in the front end is inserted into the rear end the rear direction is a metal striker in the shape of a parallelepiped with dimensions of 90x30x30 mm with a spike at the front end of 30x20x6 mm in size and a hole in the center of the spike for attaching the frame, and a diamond-shaped frame consisting of four metal strips of 180x30x10 mm in size, with through holes at the ends strips movably connected and fixed by rods, the front corner of the frame being fixed by a rod in the openings of the housing, and the rear corner of the frame connected by a rod through the hole in the spike with the striker and fixed in the grooves of the housing; connected by rods.