RU33696U1 - DEVICE FOR RESEARCH OF BLEEDS IN MICROCIRCULATOR - Google Patents

Description

DEVICE FOR RESEARCH OF BLEEDS IN MICROCIRCULATOR

The utility model relates to medical equipment and can be used to study blood flow in the microvasculature, in particular to measure the pressure in the arterial link of the blood microvasculature, to study the response of blood vessels to heat, to determine blood supply in various parts of the blood microvasculature. This is of great importance in the treatment of internal diseases - in intensive care, surgery, traumatology, neurology, as well as physiotherapy, dermatology, cosmetology.

Known Sensor of the pulse wave of blood flow according to the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2013076 IPC class A 61 B 5/026, 5/02, published in BI No. 10 05/30/94. (1).

This device is designed to register a pulse wave of blood flow in the patient’s finger. The device contains a light emitting element 1, a photodetector 2, installed in space with an interval between each other, and a DC amplifier 3. The input of the amplifier is connected to the output of the measuring bridge, consisting of a photodetector element 2 and resistors 4,5,6. The output of the amplifier is connected to the light emitting element 1.

This sensor operates as follows.

After switching on the voltage, the initial luminescence of the light-emitting element is small, since all the light from it, almost without absorption, enters the photodetector. As a result of negative feedback

A 61 V 5/026, 5/02

due to the luminescence of the light-emitting element is reduced to a certain minimum.

After the appearance of the patient’s finger in the space between the light-emitting and photo-receiving elements, the luminescence of the light-emitting element is enhanced and remains stable at a given level. This level is set by resistors 4,5,6.

With a lower light transmission of the finger, the luminescence of the light-emitting element will be stronger, with a higher light transmission of the finger, the luminescence of the light-emitting element is reduced due to feedback.

Due to the large inertia of the light-emitting element 1, the feedback component hardly weakens the variable component of the signal voltage. In the case when a light-emitting element with low inertia will be used, the simplest sequential corrective circuit, for example, a KS-circuit with a large time constant, can be used.

Stabilization of the working point of the photodetector element 2 makes it possible to register the pulse of the blood flow wave of different patients, taking into account their individual characteristics. In addition, in the absence of a finger in the interval between the light-emitting and photodetector elements, the current flowing through the light-emitting element is minimal, which leads to a decrease in energy loss and increase the reliability of the light-emitting element.

However, this sensor has several disadvantages. For example, when examining a pulse wave of blood flow in a given device (sensor), part of the light flux when passing through the tissue of a patient’s finger is absorbed without reaching the photodetector,

which reduces the accuracy of the measurement. In addition, the device has a narrow scope, namely the measurement of only a pulse wave of blood flow

The aim in the development and creation of the proposed device for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature is to increase the accuracy of the measurement, as well as the measurement and study of blood flow, based on the capture by the photodetector only of the diffused and reflected in the patient’s tissue light stream from the light-emitting element. In this case, the study of blood flow can be carried out on any part of the patient’s body surface.

The specified goal is achieved as follows.

The proposed device contains light-emitting and photodetector elements, but unlike a nalog tax, a rheostat is connected to the light-emitting element and a millivoltmeter is connected to the photodetector, and a heat-light-insulating gasket is installed between the light-emitting and photo-receiving elements and they are located in the same plane along which the device is installed on surface of the patient’s body.

Moreover, the photodetector element is equipped with at least a rectangular frame of at least 0.5 cm in size, allowing the photodetector element to receive only the diffused and reflected in the patient’s tissue stream of light from the light-emitting element, and the frame of the photodetector element should be pressed against the surface of the patient’s body with

a force of at least 200 g / cm by means of a coil spring mounted in the handle of this device.

As a close analogue of the proposed device, you can take the Pulse wave blood flow sensor according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2013076 (1).

The drawing shows a schematically proposed device for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature.

The proposed device consists of the following components and parts. The emitter sensor 1 is made in the form of a rod-handle, in the lower part of which a light-emitting element 2 is fixed, it is an incandescent lamp with a voltage of 1.2 V, as well as a photodetector 3.

Between the light-emitting element 2 and the photo-receiving element 3, a heat-insulating gasket 4 is fixed and they are all located in one plane along which they are mounted on the surface of the patient’s body (tissue) 5. A rheostat 6 is connected to the light-emitting element 2, which is connected to the battery pack 7. The rheostat 6 is used to regulate the incandescent light-emitting diode 2. The millivoltmeter 8 is connected to the photodetector 3, which is used to measure the readings of the photodetector 2 at different values of the light flux photodetector element.

The photodetector element 3 is provided, for example, with a rectangular frame, an area of, for example, 0.5 cm, which when using the device is tight

it is pressed to the surface of the patient’s body with a force of, for example, 200 g / s g. And this makes it possible to receive the scattered and reflected in the patient’s tissue light stream from the light emitting element 2 as a photodetector more fully and concentrated without scattering in open space.

A grip sleeve 9 made of transparent, durable plastic is installed on the handle-shaft 1 for free fit, which (the handle 9) is fixed in the longitudinal direction for a certain stroke by the screw 10. On the sleeve-handle 9 there are divisions, and on the handle-rod 1 is applied arrow, by which the user determines the force exerted by the hand on the sleeve-handle 9 when pressing the sensor-emitter 1 to the surface of the patient's body with a force of not more than 200 g / cm. And this effort creates a spiral spring 11 installed in the sleeve-handle 9.

The proposed device for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature works as follows.

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so that the light emitting element 2 and the rectangular frame of the photodetector element 3 are pressed with a force, for example, EOOg / ohm2.

The light emitting element (lamp) 2 generates a light flux that penetrates the skin and tissue of the patient to a certain depth, depending on the prevailing radiation spectrum.

During the propagation of the light flux in the patient’s tissues 5, reflection, scattering and partial absorption of light by the patient’s tissues inevitably occur simultaneously. Since the photodetector element is located in the same plane as the light emitting element 2, the photodetector element 3 can receive only the light flux (energy) scattered and reflected in the tissues 5, but not absorbed.

When the emission spectrum is close to the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin, the blood supply to the patient’s tissue is the main factor affecting the illumination of the photodetector 3.

When shortening the light wave, hydration of the tissues and heterogeneity of the patient's tissue play an important role (the number of media interfaces).

The energy of the flow of light and thermal radiation of the light emitting element 2 causes local heating of the tissue. Since the light-emitting element is surrounded (insulated) by a heat-light-insulating gasket 4, with a standard (certain predetermined) exposure, fabric 5 also receives a certain amount of heat regardless of environmental conditions, that is, there is no loss to the environment. And this increases the accuracy of measurements (samples) of the device. Moreover, the light flux from the light emitting element 2 is such that a light flux diffused and reflected only in the surface layers of the patient’s tissue under study reaches the photodetector 3.

for the sleeve-handle 9, and the sensor-emitter 1 abuts against the surface of the skin of the patient. A metered pressure is made on the sleeve-handle 9, and the compression spring 11 exerts resistance. At the same time, the mark (arrow) on the handle-rod 1, projecting onto the scale applied to the wall of the handle-sleeve 9 shows the predetermined necessary dosed pressure force of the sensor on the body surface - on the patient’s tissue 5.

Research opportunities of the proposed device. 1. In a healthy person, blood vessels expand due to heat. Using this device, you can identify the speed and severity of this reaction.

2. The device allows you to quantify the severity of dermographism with skin irritation, carried out under standard temperature conditions, with a standard irritation force.

3. The device allows you to determine the pressure in the microvasculature, systolic and diastolic blood supply. The ratio of the obtained values is a criterion for perfusion in the arterial and venous part of the microvasculature.

The proposed device allows the following types of studies.

A. Thermal sample.

Stage 1. Sensor-emitter 1 device is installed on the surface of the studied patient tissue (skin, mucous membrane, wound surface, etc.) at a right angle.

2 stage. The hand turns out to be a light pressure on the end of the sleeve-grip 9. The pressure on the surface of the patient's body should be 200 g / cm. This pressure force is achieved by combining the risk arrows on the handle rod 1 with the corresponding risk on the handle sleeve 9, graduated at 200 g / cm2. At the same time, standard pressure is achieved.

instrument readings (this stage is necessary to correct for natural illumination). This can be neglected when the room is slightly lit or if very accurate measurements are not necessary.

Stage 3 The device turns on for two minutes. Immediately after switching on, the reading of millivoltmeter 8 is recorded.

Stage 4 Before turning off the device, the reading of the millivoltmeter 8 is again recorded. 6 depending on the blood supply to the patient’s tissue, the illumination of the photodetector element 3 and, accordingly, the reading of the millivoltmeter are changed 8. Based on the difference in the readings of the millivoltmeter, the blood supply to the tissue can be judged by the influence of heat. The measurement is carried out using light radiation, part of the spectrum of which is close to the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin, and part of the spectrum is represented by infrared radiation.

B. Determination of pressure in the arterial link of the microvasculature.

Stage 1. Sensor-emitter 1 device is installed on the surface of the studied patient tissue (skin, mucous membrane, wound surface, etc.) at a right angle without pressure.

2 stage. The device turns on. The reading of the millivoltmeter is recorded 8. Then a slight increasing pressure is exerted on the device until the oscillations of the arrow on the device cease during systole and diastole. The arrow stops oscillating when the pressure from the outside becomes greater than the pressure inside the blood vessel. This corresponds to the moment of vascular compression of the arterial link of the microvasculature and the cessation of blood flow during systole into the patient’s tissue. The readings on the scale of the pressure indicator are recorded.

The measurement is carried out using light radiation, the main part of the spectrum of which is close to the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin. Interpretation of the results. Fabric pressure

the patient and, determined by the scale of the pressure indicator at the time of stopping the fluctuations of the arrow, is almost equal to the pressure in the arterial link of the microvasculature.

B. A test for the displacement of blood in the microvasculature.

Stage 1. Sensor-emitter 1 device is installed on the surface of the studied patient tissue (skin, mucous membrane, wound surface, etc.) at a right angle. The millivoltmeter 8. reading is taken. Ј stage. Hand pressure is applied to the device until the ripple ceases, the millivoltmeter readings are taken.

3 stage. Pressure is applied to the device until the millivoltmeter readings cease to grow. The millivoltmeter readings are taken. Interpretation of the results of the study. The difference between the millivoltmeter readings in the first and second stages characterizes the amount of displaced blood in the microvasculature. The difference between the millivoltmeter readings in the second and third stages characterizes the amount of blood remaining in the patient’s tissue.

Explanations for the scope of the device.

1). With hypertension of the 2nd to 3rd degree, the vessels react to heat either by insufficient expansion or paradoxically by spasm. With hypertension of the 1st degree, the reaction of blood vessels to heat is preserved and consists in the expansion of blood vessels. E). With neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, hyperthyroidism, the vascular reaction is preserved or enhanced. Indications of the device can be used to differentiate the diagnosis, as a criterion for the degree of hypertension. To determine the tactics of physiotherapy exercises and thermal procedures. 3). The device can be used to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the syidrome, the essence of which is the bonding of red blood cells (red blood cells), the formation of

microthrombi and stopping capillary circulation) of short-wave radiation.

Signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome:

1) a decrease in the interval between the readings of a millivoltmeter in systole (contraction of the heart muscle) during filling of arterioles and in diastole (relaxation of the heart muscle), decrease in filling of arterioles;

2) a significant decrease in millivoltmeter readings when applied

radiation of a predominantly short spectrum, when gluing red blood cells, the ability of human tissue to scatter the light flux decreases, and the absorption remains the same, therefore, the illumination of the photodetector decreases, therefore, the readings of the millivoltmeter are reduced;

3) an increase in the amount of blood not displaced during a sample with blood displacement;

4) pressure reduction in the arterial link of the microvasculature.

G. Determining the nature and severity of dermographism of the patient’s skin.

Instrument readings in determining dermographism of the skin (skin reaction to mechanical irritation) can serve as a criterion for sympathotonia (the reaction from the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system predominates) and vegetotonia (reactions from the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system predominate).

The proposed device for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature can be used in surgical practice, traumatology, cosmetology to identify the degree and nature of blood supply to tissues, namely:

1) for early detection of defects of reponation (restoration of the integrity of the patient’s tissue); E) with a decrease in arterial inflow while maintaining the outflow - bye. Wave, g,

the knowledge of the millivoltmeter increases, and the pressure sufficient to stop the ripple decreases;

3) with venous congestion, the reading of a millivoltmeter decreases;

4) with a combination of reducing blood flow and venous outflow, the millivoltmeter readings are reduced and the pressure is sufficient to stop the pulsation;

5) with a combination of increased blood flow and normal venous outflow, the readings of a millivoltmeter decrease and the pressure is sufficient to stop the pulsation.

Thus, the proposed device has the most important advantages over the analogue, namely:

1. It becomes possible to study blood circulation in certain parts of the bloodstream;

Ј. allows you to measure the pressure in the arterial link of the microvasculature;

3. The design of the device allows research at standard parameters of temperature and pressure under the device on the patient’s body;

4. it is possible to use the device at any point of the skin, mucous membrane, wound surface or ulcer defect, as well as on tissues of internal organs during surgery;

5. anthropometric data and the individual structure of the patient’s body do not affect the readings of the device;

6. it is possible to study the peculiarities of blood circulation selectively in the microvasculature, and not to record the integral indicators in vessels of various diameters, in contrast to impedance techniques and scintography;

scintigraphy where radioactive isotopes are used;

9. low cost of the device;

10. The ease of conducting the research procedure.

Literature: 1. Pulse wave blood flow sensor according to the description of the invention to RF patent No. 8013076, IPC class A 61 B 5/026, 5/02, published in BI 10 05/30/94.

Claims (1)

A device for studying blood flow in the microvasculature, containing light emitting and photodetector elements installed in the space with an interval between each other, and a registrar, characterized in that a rheostat is connected to the light emitting element and a millivoltmeter is connected to the photodetector element and, accordingly, the light emitting and photodetector elements are isolated from other heat-insulating gasket and they are located in the same plane along which the device is installed on the surface of the patient’s body, while otopriemny element is provided with at least another rectangular frame size of at least 0.5 cm ^2, which allows only take photoreceptor element diffused and reflected in the tissue of the patient the flow of light from the light emitting element, and the frame must be pressed against the patient's body surface with a force of at least 200g / cm ² by means of a spiral spring installed in the handle of this device.