RU3225U1 - REACTOR-REGENERATION UNIT FOR INSTALLING THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Reactor-regenerative unit for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, including a feed preparation section and a reactor unit and a regeneration unit located at the same level, each of which contains several devices located one after another, the first of which is a receiving hopper, and the last is a transport catalyst feed installed with the possibility of sequential transmission through all devices of a free flowing catalyst moving inside the devices under the action of gravity, and the feeder l the reactor unit is connected to the receiving hopper of the regeneration unit, and the receiving hopper of the reactor unit is connected to the feeder of the regeneration unit by transport catalyst pipelines providing the possibility of controlled movement of the catalyst, characterized in that the reactor-regeneration unit includes at least two reactor units connected to a single regeneration unit and installed with the possibility of passing through them the catalyst in parallel flows, and the section for the preparation of raw materials is connected with the reactor nodes of the raw materials oprovodami providing an independent supply of raw materials in each reactor uzel.2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of raw material pipelines is equal to the number of processed raw material streams.

Description

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 01 J 38/22

GHC

REACTOR-REGENERATION UNIT FOR INSTALLING THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS

The utility model relates to petrochemical equipment, specifically to a device for a reactor regeneration unit for a catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons with continuous regeneration of a solid bulk catalyst. The block is intended for complex processing of hydrocarbon raw materials.

The reactor-regeneration unit can be used as part of large-capacity industrial plants of catalytic reforming, dehydrogenation and aromatization of alkanes, etc. 1.

A device is known for a reactor regeneration unit of a catalytic cracking unit with continuous regeneration of an aluminosilicate ball catalyst 2. The unit contains two main apparatuses: a reactor for continuously cracking raw materials in the presence of a moving catalyst bed and a regenerator for continuously removing coke from the surface of the catalyst particles. The reactor and regenerator are of equal height and are connected by pneumatic transport catalyst lines. The intensive circulation of the catalyst between the reactor and the regenerator, due to the features of cracking technology and the design of the equipment, allows the use of only a high-strength and relatively inexpensive catalyst, since the latter undergoes increased mechanical wear during its movement.

It is also known to design a reactor regeneration unit of a catalytic reforming unit with continuous regeneration of a granular platinum-containing catalyst.

Practically applied are two main options for the design of the reactor-regeneration unit of such an installation. One of them was developed by the French Petroleum Institute (FIN) and is a combination of reactor and regeneration units located at the same level 3,

The FIN reactor has a multi-stage reactor, each stage of which is designed as a separate apparatus. The number of reaction apparatuses is 3-4, and the volume of apparatuses increases from the first stage to the last, and all apparatuses are mounted at the same level at a small elevation above the ground. Above each apparatus there is a receiving hopper for the incoming catalyst, and under the apparatus there is an unloading device and a pneumatic conveying feeder. Thus, each reactor stage contains several devices for various purposes, installed vertically one above the other. This is necessary to ensure the free passage of the entire mass of the catalyst within one stage by continuous flow from top to bottom under the action of gravity. Reactor stages are arranged sequentially one after the other in the direction of the catalyst.

The regeneration unit also contains several devices installed vertically one after another in the following order (from top to bottom): receiving hopper, gateway device, regenerator (one or two-stage with the second stage under

- first), lock device, feed hopper, pneumatic conveying feeder. This arrangement of devices provides the possibility of sequential transmission of catalyst through them when it moves under the influence of gravity.

To ensure the circulation of the catalyst from the reactor unit to the regeneration unit and vice versa, pneumatic transport catalyst pipelines are used, through which the catalyst is regulated to move from the feeder of the regeneration unit to the receiving hopper of the first reactor stage, and also from the last stage feeder to the receiving hopper located above the regenerator. The sequential movement of the catalyst within the reactor block from one stage to another is also carried out using pneumatic conveying.

The presence of a large number of transport catalyst pipelines for moving the catalyst is one of the disadvantages of the known design of the reactor-regenerative unit FIN, complicating its operation.

Another well-known and widely used design of the reactor regeneration unit of the catalytic reforming unit with continuous catalyst regeneration was developed by UOP (USA), is the closest to the claimed one and adopted as a prototype of utility model 4.

The reactor-regeneration unit of the prototype design includes the reactor unit and the regeneration unit located at the same level, each of which contains several devices placed vertically one after another with the possibility of passing through them

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- a catalyst moving under the influence of gravity. The upper apparatus of each node is a receiving hopper, and the lower feeder is a pneumatic transport catalyst pipeline. Gravity movement of the catalyst in the apparatus of the reactor unit is possible due to the fact that the multistage reactor is made in the form of a single reactor column with a vertical coaxial arrangement of steps. In this case, the reactor unit feeder is connected to the regeneration unit receiving hopper, and the reactor unit receiving hopper is connected to the regeneration unit feeder by pneumatic conveying catalyst pipelines providing the possibility of controlled catalyst movement.

It should be noted that the concept of continuous regeneration in all cases considered means the reactivation of the catalyst that has bypassed all or part of the contacting stages by its oxidative regeneration in a regenerator separate from the reactor, simultaneously with the target reaction process of catalytic conversion of raw materials. In this case, the actual regeneration of the catalyst in the regenerator can be carried out both in continuous 4 and in batch mode 3, and the transportation of the catalyst from the reactor unit to the regeneration unit and vice versa can be either strictly continuous 3 or short-period in small portions 4. The flow of the catalyst descending along the vertical the apparatus circuits of the reactor unit or the regeneration unit, can also be either flat (as, for example, within the vertical circuit of the apparatus of a separate reactor stage of unit 3), or discontinuous as in the prototype design.

A common disadvantage of the above known designs

- 4 reactor-regeneration unit is the lack of the possibility of complex processing of hydrocarbons of a wide fractional composition.

Known blocks are usually able to economically process only one narrow Fraction, and each Fraction is processed in the best way under a certain technological mode (in particular, at certain values of temperature, pressure, load on the catalyst and other operational parameters). Despite the fact that these modes can be different for individual reactor stages of known units, there is, as a rule, a rigid relationship between them, which does not allow one to arbitrarily change the mode in the direction of optimization in a single stage without violating the optimal modes in other stages. In addition, the successive transmission of the catalyst from the first stage to the last leads to the fact that a fully regenerated catalyst enters only the first (upper) stage, and in the next stages it is already deactivated to one degree or another depending on the technological conditions of the previous stages and their numbers. The latter circumstance also does not allow optimizing the regime of all stages so that it is possible in each stage to properly process a separate narrow raw material fraction extracted from the initial raw material supplied for complex processing.

The separation of hydrocarbon fractions intended for the catalytic processing of hydrocarbon fractions from crude oil is carried out using special blocks for the preparation of raw materials, usually operating separately from the reactor-regeneration block and

- 5 serving several such units or installations. In some cases, the sfia preparation section may be part of the reactor regeneration unit. This is advisable in the complex processing of all feedstock in one reactor regeneration unit. The separation of feedstock into processed Fractions is usually carried out by distillation.

The technical challenge facing the authors of the proposed design is to provide the possibility of complex processing in one reactor regeneration block of hydrocarbon feedstocks of a wide fractional composition by catalytic conversion of two or more narrow fractions obtained from the feedstock, in different mutually independent technological modes in the presence of the same the same catalyst subjected to continuous regeneration in a single unit.

The problem is solved in that the reactor-regeneration unit includes a raw material preparation section, as well as at least two reactor units and a regeneration unit located at the same level. Each reactor unit and regeneration unit contain several devices located one after another, the first of which is a receiving hopper, and the last one is a transport catalyst pipeline feeder. The devices of each of these nodes are installed with the possibility of sequentially passing through them a bulk catalyst moving inside the devices under the action of gravity. The reactor units are connected to a single regeneration unit and installed with the possibility of passing through them a catalyst in parallel flows. For this, the feeder of each reactor unit

- 6 is connected to the receiving hopper of the regeneration unit, and the receiving hopper of each reactor unit is connected to the feeder of the regeneration unit by transport catalyst pipelines, providing the possibility of controlled movement of the catalyst. The raw material preparation section is connected with the reactor units by raw material pipelines for independently supplying raw materials to each reactor unit, the number of raw material pipelines being equal to the number of processed raw material streams.

The proposed design of the reactor-regeneration unit differs from the known ones in that the indicated unit includes not one reactor unit, but at least two connected to a single regeneration unit and installed with the possibility of passing the catalyst through them in parallel flows, and the raw material preparation section is connected to the reactor units raw material pipelines for the independent supply of raw materials to each reactor unit, and the number of raw pipelines is equal to the number of processed feed streams.

Due to the fact that the same catalyst can be used for processing various types of raw materials, its regeneration is performed in a single unit. Thus, the presence of such a catalyst is a prerequisite for the feasibility of the claimed design solution, and the composition of the catalyst is considered as the material of one of the integral elements of the claimed design. From the above it follows that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of the novelty of the utility model.

- 7 The proposed design is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a diagram of the device of the reactor-regeneration unit for the production of high-octane component of motor fuels from gas condensate by aromatization of hydrocarbon fractions in the presence of a zeolite gallium-containing catalyst 5 subjected to continuous regeneration.

The authors found that this catalyst allows for highly efficient processing of not only hydrocarbon gases SZ - C4, but also wide gasoline fractions.

The design of the reactor regeneration unit shown in the drawing includes two reactor units serviced by a single regeneration unit. The first reactor unit contains four main apparatuses, arranged one after another vertically in the following order (from top to bottom): receiving hopper 1, three-stage reactor 2 with coaxial three-tiered arrangement of stages, a lock device 3, designed to exclude the possibility of mixing the working medium of the reactor and regenerator, and feeder 4 of pneumatic transport catalyst pipeline 5. The second reactor unit also contains four devices of a similar purpose, device and location: receiving hopper b, reactor 7, airlock troystvo 8, 9 katalizatoroprovoda feeder 10.

The reactor-regeneration unit also includes a regeneration unit containing vertically arranged main apparatuses: a receiving hopper 11, a two-stage regenerator 12, a lock device 13, a feeder 14 for pneumatic transport catalyst pipelines 15 and 16.

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The devices of each node are installed vertically and are interconnected by transfer catalyst pipelines to ensure the possibility of sequential passing through all devices (from the receiving hopper to the feeder) of the granular catalyst used in the process. Within each node, including inside the apparatus, the catalyst moves under the action of gravity in a continuous dense stream.

Pneumatic conveying catalyst pipelines 15 and 16, connecting the corresponding receiving hoppers 1 and 6 with the feeder 14, provide the possibility of controlled movement of the regenerated catalyst with a given flow rate simultaneously to both reactor units. Similarly, catalyst pipelines 5 and 10, connecting the corresponding feeders 4 and 9 with the receiving hopper 11, provide the possibility of controlled movement of the spent catalyst in the reactor nodes into a single regeneration unit. The regulation of the performance of pneumatic conveying can be carried out in any way known and suitable for this: by periodically turning it on, using feeders with flow control, etc. 61.

The reactor-regeneration block also includes a section for the preparation of raw materials 17, associated with the reactor units of the raw material pipelines 18, 19 and 20, the number of which is equal to the number of processed feed streams.

In the drawing, the solid lines indicate the catalyst pipelines, the dotted lines indicate the raw material pipelines. Roman numerals indicate FLOWS: I - feedstock; II, III, IV - Processed raw materials.

- 9 Reactor regeneration unit operates as follows.

Stream I of stable gas condensate enters the raw material preparation section 17. Three fractions are distinguished from stable gas condensate in the raw material preparation section: propane, butane and gasoline. The propane and butane fractions at a temperature of 480 550 ° C are sent simultaneously to the first and second stages of reactor 2 by flows II and III, respectively, through pipelines 18 and 19, and the gasoline fraction at a temperature of 320 - 380 ° C is sent to reactor 7 by flow IV through pipeline 20. As a result, chemical transformations of hydrocarbons of raw fractions occurring in reactors in the presence of a moving catalyst, gas product mixtures are formed, sent from the reactors to the product separation unit (not shown in the drawing), where a trace is emitted from these mixtures Leading products: hydrogen-containing gas. fuel gas. benzene, a high-octane component of motor fuel.

The regenerated catalyst from the receiving hopper 1, slowly moving under the action of gravity, enters the reactor 2 and passes through all the reactor stages, starting from the first. As a result of contact with the feed, the catalyst is deactivated (coked). The coked catalyst from the reactor 2 enters through the lock device 3 into the feeder 4, from where it rises through the pneumatic transport catalyst pipe 5 to the receiving hopper 11 of the regeneration unit. Going down from the receiving hopper 11. the catalyst under the action of gravity passes through the regenerator 12. where it restores its activity (regenerates), and the gateway device 13 into the feeder 14. from where it rises along

- 10 pneumatic transport catalyator line 15 into the receiving hopper 1 of the reactor unit. Thus, the catalyst circulation cycle through the first reactor unit is closed. The catalyst passes in a similar way, circulating through the second reactor unit, including the receiving hopper 11, reactor 7, gateway device 8, and feeder 9. Both circulating flows, united in the receiving hopper 11, pass through the regeneration unit together, again splitting into two flows in the feeder 14 .

The intensity of the movement of the catalyst in each reactor unit can be different and purposefully changed depending on which of the reactor units the catalyst is deactivated (coked) faster. The overall performance of the regeneration unit can also be quickly adjusted within specified limits. Ensuring a uniform supply of coked catalyst regeneration simultaneously from two reactor units, as well as distributing the regenerated catalyst into two parallel flows with a predetermined flow ratio, is achieved by the use of controlled pneumatic transport, which can operate both in batch and continuous mode.

The reactor-regeneration unit of the proposed design can be used as part of any industrial petrochemical plants suitable for the catalytic processing of various types of the same raw materials using a single catalyst subjected to continuous regeneration. For example, the use of a unit as part of a rForming unit allows both wide and narrow gasoline fractions to be processed to produce a high-octane gasoline component and individual aromatic hydrocarbons.

- 11 UI

Claims (2)

1. Reactor-regenerative unit for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, including a feed preparation section and a reactor unit and a regeneration unit located at the same level, each of which contains several devices located one after another, the first of which is a receiving hopper, and the last is a transport catalyst feed installed with the possibility of sequential transmission through all devices of a free flowing catalyst moving inside the devices under the action of gravity, and the feeder l the reactor unit is connected to the receiving hopper of the regeneration unit, and the receiving hopper of the reactor unit is connected to the feeder of the regeneration unit by transport catalyst pipelines providing the possibility of controlled movement of the catalyst, characterized in that the reactor-regeneration unit includes at least two reactor units connected to a single regeneration unit and installed with the possibility of passing through them the catalyst in parallel flows, and the section for the preparation of raw materials is connected with the reactor nodes of the raw materials oprovodami providing an independent supply of raw materials in each reactor assembly.  2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of raw material pipelines is equal to the number of processed raw material streams.