RU29383U1 - Device for transmitting information through a hydraulic communication channel - Google Patents

Description

 ° ° IPC5 G01V 1/40

Device for transmitting information through a hydraulic communication channel

The utility model relates to the field of geophysical exploration and can be used in downhole measuring systems with a hydraulic communication channel.

A device for recording during drilling, containing a power source, a sensor unit, a unit of signal transducers of a sensor, a modulator, a modulator drive and an analog modulator drive control circuit associated with the converter unit (US Pat. No. 3789355, G01V 1/40, NKI 340 / 18 bd, 01.1974). Since the control circuit operates at a relatively low frequency, the analog principle embedded in it cannot provide the optimum encoding-decoding speed. In addition, each analog system is temperature dependent and unstable over a wide temperature range.

As a prototype, a device has been adopted for transmitting information via a hydraulic communication channel, including a power source, a sensor unit, a unit for converting sensor signals, a modulator, a modulator drive, and a digital control circuit for a modulator drive connected to the unit of converters, containing a transition triggering circuit, a phase accumulating adder controlling logic circuit, modulator drive rotational speed detector, phase detector, feedback loop circuit key, accelerating and decelerating keys, controlling th oscillator phase signal generator, the drive switching circuit, tachometer, tachometer transducer signals and the reference oscillator (US Pat. № 4,100,528, G01V 1/40, NKI 340 / 18D, 6. 1978).

The disadvantages of the prototype are limited operational capabilities due to the inability to change the main carrier frequency directly during operation under measured conditions in the face (lack of adaptation mode), the inability to measure parameters and store information in the absence of circulation of the drilling fluid, because The power source of the system only works when pumping drilling fluid. In addition, the prototype has insufficient reliability due to the possibility of complete overlapping of the wellbore with modulator lattices when the drive is stopped.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed utility model are to increase reliability and expand the operational capabilities of the device.

The technical effect that can be obtained from the use of the utility model consists in the possibility of adapting the device to change; there are conditions in the face during drilling, increased energy and noise; device visibility and elimination of the possibility of blocking the flow of the solution by the gratings of the modulator when the drive stops.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a device for transmitting information through a hydraulic communication channel, including a power source, a sensor unit, a sensor signal converters unit, a modulator, a modulator drive and a digital modulator drive control circuit associated with the converter unit; the transition triggering circuit, the phase accumulator; the adder, the control logic circuit, the modulator drive rotational speed detector, the phase detector, the feedback loop circuit key, timing circuits with keys, the control generator, the drive switching circuit, the tachometer, the tachometer signal converter and the reference generator frequencies, unlike the prototype, an additional power supply, a voltage converter, a control unit, a storage device, an arrester and a sensor were introduced into the control circuit of the modulator drive the position of the modulator lattices, and the control unit is connected to power sources through a voltage converter, its inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the sensor signal converters block, the reference frequency generator and the storage device, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the timing circuits with keys, the reference frequency generator and a storage device, the information input of which is connected to the output of the converter unit, and the output is connected to the first input of the trigger circuit ehodov, detent is mounted between the modulator and its drive and is connected to the sensor input mutual position modulator arrays, the sensor output is connected to the second input of the drive circuit junctions, and the output control oscillator connected to the input drive switching circuit.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of well drilling using a hydraulic communication channel; in FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a modulator drive control.

The drilling device comprises a drilling tool 1, a power source 2, made, for example, in the form of a turbine located in the flow of the drilling fluid, and a generator, a downhole electronic unit 3, comprising sensor blocks 4 and a sensor signal transducer block 5; a modulator 6, comprising a stator and a rotor with gratings for shutting off the mud flow, a modulator 7 drive with a gearbox and a drive control circuit 8. All elements of the system are assembled in a container 9 and placed in the layout of the bottom of the drill string. The drill pipe string is hinged on a hook 10 of a drill tower (not shown). On the ground part of the drill pipe string, a communication channel receiver 11 is connected to the information processing and storage devices 12 and displaying and printing information 13. The drilling fluid is supplied to the well by a pump 14 via a supply line 15.

The general drilling scheme with a hydraulic communication channel is widely known and consists in the following. During the drilling process, the face is flushed with a mud stream. Due to the rotation of the turbine of the electromagnetic generator in the fluid stream, the power source 2 generates electricity to power all devices of the electronic unit 3, in which downhole parameters are measured, conversion, coding of information, control and transmission of information to the surface through the mud column using the gratings of the modulator 6, which are driven by a drive 7, possibly through a gearbox. On the surface, signals are received by the receiver of the communication channel 11, pre-processed in devices 12 and output to the information output devices 13.

The claimed invention differs significantly from those known in the control circuit of the modulator drive 7 shown in FIG. 2. It includes an additional power source 16, a voltage converter 17, a control unit 18, a memory device 19, a transition triggering circuit 20, a phase accumulating adder 21, a control logic circuit 22, a drive speed detector 23, a feedback loop closure key 24, timing circuits 25 and 26 with keys 27 and 28, a control generator 29, a phase detector 30, a switching circuit of a modulator drive 31, a tachometer 32, a tachometer signal generator 33, an arrester 34, a relative position sensor of the modulator gratings 35, and a support generator 36. The control unit 18 is connected through the voltage converter 17 to the main 2 and additional 16 power sources, the input of the control unit is connected to the output of the converter unit 5, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the timing circuits 25 and 26 with keys 27 and 28 of the generator reference frequencies 36 and a storage device 19, the information input of which is connected to the output of the block of converters 5, and the output is connected to the first input of the transition triggering circuit 20, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the control logic circuit 22 and with the first input of the phase accumulating adder 21, the output of which is connected to the second input of the control logic circuit 22, the outputs of which are connected to the feedback loop closure key 24, the keys 27 and 28 of the timing circuits 25 and 26, and to the first input of the speed modulator of the modulator drive 23, the output of which is connected to the third input of the control logic circuit 22; the tachometer 32 and the signal generator of the tachometer 33 are sequentially included in the drive circuit, the first output of which is connected to the inputs of the phase accumulating adder 21 and the rotational speed detector of the drive 23, and the second is connected to the second input of the phase detector 30, the first input of which is connected to the reference frequency generator 36, and the output through the key 24 is combined with the output of the key 28 and connected to the control generator 29, the output of which is connected to the input of the switching circuit of the actuator 7; between the drive 7 and the modulator 6 there is an arrester 34 connected to the sensor of the relative position of the gratings of the modulator 6, the output of which is connected to the second input of the transition triggering circuit, and the signals from the reference frequency generator 3 are also fed to the inputs of the phase accumulating adder 21 and the rotation speed detector of the drive 23 .

The sensor unit 4 may include sensors that measure the angular parameters of the well trajectory, sonar noises in the near-wellbore zone, process parameters (diverter angle, fluid flow rate, etc.), geophysical parameters (gamma ray logging, etc.). In the block of converters 5, information is converted from an analog form to a digital code. The voltage converter 17 can be performed on comparators with a timing circuit, according to a known scheme (A.G. Aleksenko et al. Application of integrated analog microcircuits. M. Radio and communications, 1985 - 304 s). It contains a rectifier, the input of which is supplied with voltage from the generator 2, and a secondary power source, the input of which through one of the comparators with a lower threshold can be switched to an additional power source 16 when the generator is turned off. Another comparator with a higher threshold detects a decrease in the circulation of the drilling fluid below the operating range, its output signal enters the control unit 18.

The control unit 18 is an electronic unit implemented on the basis of programmable logic (microcontroller), for example, based on microprocessors.

In the storage device 19 is the accumulation, storage and issuance in a serial code of information about the measured parameters. Arretir 34 provides fixation of the movable lattice of the modulator 6 in the position of minimum resistance to the flow of the drilling fluid (when stopped) and can

be made by contact, mechanical or non-contact, magnetoelectric circuits.

The reference frequency generator 36 generates stable frequency electrical signals at the outputs, which are set by the command of the block 18. The electric and electromechanical circuits of the bottomhole are supplied from the electric machine generator 2, the secondary conversion of electric energy is carried out by the converter 17. The independence of the control circuits from the electric machine generator is provided by the power source 16 , which can be used, for example, an electrochemical current source.

The downhole part of the system is initiated by circulation of the drilling fluid upon reaching a fluid flow rate above a certain threshold (similar to the prototype). At the initial moment, the control system includes a test mode, which is worked out as follows:

-block 18 analyzes the information generated by measuring transducers that determine the noise level in the mud column in the bottom-hole zone;

- proceeding from the criterion of noise minimality, the carrier frequency is selected (in a given range and resolution) and the reference frequency generator 36 and the timing circuits 25 and 26 are adjusted accordingly;

- the selected carrier frequency is fixed in block 18, in accordance with it, test information from block 19 and the nominal frequency of the carrier frequency are transmitted for a certain time, while the ground part of the system, using the tuning algorithms, determines the carrier frequency and is configured to enter the operating mode, nominal information the carrier frequency is the control, it is included in the test information and is used by the ground part to fine-tune the reception algorithm.

Upon completion of the test mode, the system enters the operating mode and transmits the measurement information to the surface. The test mode can be switched on periodically after long shutdowns of the drilling circuit

solution or by any signal from the surface. Relatively short shutdowns (or in the absence of a signal from the surface), the duration of which is determined by the control device, do not initiate a test mode.

In order to ensure accurate measurements, especially the angular parameters of the well trajectory, a special measurement mode is provided, which is activated after each shutdown of the downhole equipment. The stopping moment can, for example, be determined by the output voltage of the electric machine generator. In this case, the measurement result is recorded in block 19 and transmitted repeatedly at the beginning of the operating mode. Initiation and control of measurements is carried out by the downhole control unit of the system 18.

Consider the operation of the individual elements of the downhole in the steady state when transmitting a bit of information. The transition triggering circuit 20 is arranged in such a way that if a logical zero appears at the input, the guiding signal is not generated, the key 28 is open, 27 is closed. The drive 7 rotates the shaft of the modulator 6 through the gearbox with a constant speed rigidly connected with the selected carrier. The constancy of speed is ensured, similarly to the prototype, by generating a feedback signal (engine speed) by a tachometer 32 and a driver 33, from the output of which a digital sequence is supplied to one of the inputs of the phase detector 30, to the other input of which a reference signal of the corresponding frequency is supplied. The output signal from the detector 30 through a closed key 24 is fed to the input of the generator 31, where the input logic signal is integrated and fed to the input of the switching circuit of the drive 31, converted to the desired shape and amplified depending on the type of motor used (in the prototype 2-phase asynchronous engine, but another electric motor is possible).

The output voltage of the switching circuit is supplied directly to the drive of the modulator 7, the rotation frequency of which is maintained with high constant accuracy due to the considered closed circuit with phase-locked loop (PLL) and, accordingly, a carrier is formed in the channel with a constant frequency and phase.

When a logical unit appears at the input of circuit 20, the transmission system, with maximum speed, transforms the phase of the carrier frequency (shifts the phase by an angle of 180 °). This is done as follows. The circuit 20 synchronously with the position of the arrestor 34 by the signal of the sensor 35 generates a control signal to the circuit 21, the output signal from which acts on one of the inputs of the circuit 22, where control signals x, x ig are generated. Originally

signal X opens the key 28, signal z closes the key 27. Signal x closes the key 28. The PLL feedback circuit breaks, the exponentially decreasing voltage (s) is applied to the input of the generator 29, respectively, the frequency of the output signal of the generator 29 is proportionally reduced, and the motor 7 slows down, the carrier frequency in the channel decreases (for example, 9 Hz), the circuit 21 begins to count the phase shift, when a specified value is reached (about 115 °), an output control signal is generated in the circuit 22, which in this case generates a signal z, the opening key 27, and accordingly (since) the input control voltage of the generator 29 begins to grow exponentially () and, as a result, the engine starts to accelerate. Due to the fact that a finite time is needed to accelerate the engine to the rated frequency, the accumulation of the phase shift (about 65 °) continues. The moment of reaching the nominal engine speed is determined by the frequency detector 23, having inputs for the reference frequency and the output signal of the shaper 33, by comparing these two frequencies. Upon reaching the nominal speed, the detector 23 generates a signal supplied to the second input of the logic circuit 22, while the key 28 is turned off and the key 24 is closed, the PLL is restored. As in the prototype, transmission control is implemented, as can be seen from the above, using digital circuits (the advantage of this approach is described in detail in the description of the prototype and is beyond doubt). The difference lies in the synchronization of the engine braking process with the appearance of braking torque of the arrestor, and the acceleration of the engine - with the accelerating moment of the arrestor. This achieves an increase in the speed and accuracy of the phase transformation while increasing the overall transmission efficiency. In this case, the maximum rate of phase change is achieved with a small deviation of the average value of the carrier frequency from the nominal.

Thus, the proposed solution allows to increase the reliability and expand the operational capabilities of the device for transmitting information by increasing the accuracy of measurement, increasing noise immunity, increasing the speed of the digital control system.

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Claims (1)

A device for transmitting information via a hydraulic communication channel, including a power source, a sensor unit, a sensor signal converter unit, a modulator, a modulator drive and a digital modulator drive control circuit associated with the converter unit, comprising a transition triggering circuit, an accumulating phase adder, a control logic circuit, a detector modulator drive rotation speeds, tachometer, tachometer signal generator, phase detector, feedback loop closure key, timing circuits from the key and, a control generator, a drive switching circuit and a reference frequency generator, the output of the transition triggering circuit connected to the inputs of the accumulating phase adder and the control logic circuit whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the feedback loop circuit key, the keys of the timing circuits, and the modulator of the rotation frequency of the modulator drive, the output of the tachometer through the signal conditioner is connected to the inputs of the phase accumulating adder, a speed detector and a phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output the reference frequency generator house, and the output through the feedback loop closure key is combined with the output of one of the keys of the timing circuits and connected to the input of the control generator, the drive switching circuit is connected to the modulator drive, in addition, the outputs of the reference frequency generator are connected to the inputs of the phase accumulating adder and a detector frequency of rotation of the modulator’s drive, characterized in that a control unit, a storage device, an arrester, an inter position of the gratings of the modulator, an additional power source and a voltage converter, the control unit through a voltage converter connected to power sources, its other input connected to the output of the sensor signal converters block, which is also connected to the information input of the storage device, the output of which is with the first input of the circuit transition triggering, the second input of which is connected to the output of the relative position of the sensor of the relative position of the modulator gratings, the outputs of the control unit are connected to control inputs of the memory device, the reference oscillator and with keys of timing circuits, and an output control oscillator connected to the input drive switching circuits of the modulator.