RU2822571C1 - Sosnowsky's hogweed destruction method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in weed control. Method for Sosnowsky's hogweed destruction consists in the fact that hogweed plants are mown in the middle of vegetation with simultaneous treatment of the plant stems remaining after mowing and soil with herbicides. Mowed mass is placed on top of the surface treated with herbicides. For the simultaneous performance of two operations, an angle piece is welded to the rear part of the bar of the rotary mower, to the upper part of which a detachable housing is welded, inside which there is a pipe with sprayers fixed in it, installed at an angle α to horizontal surface.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to destroy Sosnowsky's hogweed and prevents its repeated distribution on lands of different categories, including lands of settlements.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the fight against weeds.

An acute problem for many regions of Russia has become the colonization of abandoned fields, roadside strips, territories of former livestock complexes, and lands of populated areas with Sosnovsky's hogweed. Until recently considered a promising fodder crop, it has turned into a malicious weed of territories.

The methods used to combat hogweed: mechanical (mowing plants, digging up rhizomes and pruning inflorescences), chemical (treatment with herbicides and corresponding chemical mixtures), agrotechnical (putting previously unused land into circulation) do not give effective results. A few months after treatment, the hogweed seeds germinate again, and it is reborn in almost the same volume.

The most common methods of combating hogweed at present is spraying with continuous action herbicides based on glyphosate or imazamir at the maximum permitted standards for the use of drugs; when using glyphosate, it is necessary to carry out two treatments per season (Luneva N.N. Sosnovsky's hogweed in the Russian Federation // Protection and plant quarantine - 2014, No. 3. - P. 12-18).

The disadvantage of this method is the short duration of action of the herbicide when treating vegetating plants, since the soil contains a large supply of hogweed seeds, which, after the death of vegetative plants, sprout and form new thickets of hogweed, the destruction of which requires repeated treatment.

Sosnovsky's hogweed is a perennial monocarp, that is, it blooms once in a lifetime, after which it dies, leaving numerous seed offspring. However, the time for plants to enter the generative period extends from 2 to 10 years. This will complicate the fight, since even with regular mowing there is a possibility of flowering individuals appearing. In addition, the different quality of seeds and their dormant period extended over time for many years ensures the ability of hogweed to restore its population due to the presence of seeds in the soil (Methodology and methods for limiting the spread and eradication of giant hogweed / N. A. Laman et al.; Inst. experimental botany named after V.F. Kuprevich NAS of Belarus.-Minsk: BelNIIT "Transtechnika", 2020. - 52 p.).

But the seeds of hogweed are also its weak point; once they are destroyed, the plants will no longer produce viable diaspores.

There is a known method for the destruction of hogweed (RF Patent No. 2683517, A01M21/00, A.B. Egorov, L.N. Pavlyuchenkova. Method for the destruction of hogweed, published on March 21, 2018), which consists in treating the weedy area with systemic herbicides that have soil activity, After a single treatment with a preparation based on derivatives of pyridine, benzoic, carboxylic acids and sulfourea, grass is sown to form a turf cover that prevents the re-development of hogweed from seeds.

The disadvantage of this method is its labor intensity and the significant cost of its implementation.

There is a known method for the destruction of hogweed (RF Patent No. 2600603 A01M21/00 Bochkarev D.V. et al. Method for the destruction of unwanted vegetation on the ground, published 10/06/2014), including treatment with a herbicide, which is injected into the root part of the vegetative and generative hogweed during its maturation. Roundup, dicamba and lintur are used as herbicides.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is applicable to individual plants in a small area.

There is a known method of destroying hogweed (Luneva N.N. Sosnovsky's hogweed in the Russian Federation. Proceedings of the I International Scientific Conference. St. Petersburg, December 6-8, 2011 - St. Petersburg - pp. 12-18), selected in as a prototype, which consists in treating hogweed plants with herbicides in the middle of the growing season, after preliminary mowing, with pouring the drug into the hollow tube of the stems.

The disadvantage of this method is its labor intensity.

The problem solved by the invention is to reduce the possibility of re-overgrowing the land with hogweed and reducing labor costs for its cultivation.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the method of destroying Sosnovsky's hogweed, which includes treating hogweed plants with herbicides in the middle of the growing season, after preliminary mowing, with pouring the drug into the hollow tube of the stems, mowing the hogweed and treating the remaining plant trunks and soil with a herbicide after mowing is carried out simultaneously, and the mowed the mass of plants is placed on top of the surface treated with herbicides, and to simultaneously perform two operations, a device is used containing a sprayer, which is hung on the rear linkage of the tractor, and a rotary mower is installed on the right side of the tractor in its middle part, a square is welded to the rear part of the beam of the rotary mower, a detachable body is welded to the upper part of which, inside of which there passes a pipe with nozzles attached to it, installed at an angle α to the horizontal surface.

The plants are mowed while simultaneously treating the soil and the plant trunks remaining after mowing with herbicides and covering the treated surface with the mowed mass. The herbicide used is Roundup, dicamba or lintur. In this case, several problems are solved: hogweed plants that are capable of bearing new seeds are mowed down, and the introduced herbicide penetrates through the stem of the plants into the roots, destroying them, and the effect of the herbicide applied to the soil continues on the emerging new shoots from the seeds in the soil. In addition, the negative consequences of using herbicides are reduced, since the mowed mass located on top does not allow the drug to evaporate.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings, where: FIG. 1 shows a device for destroying hogweed, top view; in fig. 2 - view A in Fig. 1.

The device for implementing the method contains a sprayer 1, which is hung on the rear linkage of the tractor 2, and a rotary mower 3 is installed on the right side of the tractor 2 in its middle part. A square 5 is welded to the back of the beam 4 of the mower 3, to the upper part of which a detachable housing 6 is welded , inside which passes a pipe 7 with nozzles 8 attached to it. Nozzles 8 are installed at an angle α to the horizontal surface. The herbicide is supplied to the pipe 7 and then to the sprayers 8 under pressure by a pump from the sprayer tank 1. The pump is driven from the PTO of the tractor 2. The drive of the working parts of the mower 3 is carried out by a hydraulic motor driven from the hydraulic system pump of the tractor 2.

The method is carried out as follows. When tractor 2 moves, a rotary mower with 3 knives cuts off the stems of the hogweed, sprayers 8 apply the herbicide to the soil and trunks of the plants remaining after cutting, and the mowed mass of the hogweed is placed on top of the herbicide-treated surface. The applied herbicide penetrates through the plant trunks remaining after cutting into the roots, destroying them, and the effect of the herbicide applied to the soil continues on the new shoots of hogweed that appear from the seeds that were in the soil. The mowed mass of hogweed located on top prevents the herbicide from evaporating, thereby reducing the negative consequences of chemical treatment.

The invention makes it possible to destroy Sosnovsky's hogweed and prevent its re-spread on lands of different categories, including lands of populated areas.

Claims (1)

A method for destroying Sosnovsky's hogweed, including treating hogweed plants with herbicides in the middle of the growing season, characterized in that mowing the hogweed and treating the plant stems and soil remaining after mowing with herbicides are carried out simultaneously, and the mowed mass of plants is laid on top of the surface treated with herbicides, and to simultaneously perform two operations They use a device containing a sprayer, which is hung on the rear linkage of the tractor, and on the right side of the tractor, in its middle part, a rotary mower is installed, a square is welded to the back of the beam of the rotary mower, to the upper part of which a detachable body is welded, inside of which there is a pipe with attached it with sprayers installed at an angle α to the horizontal surface.