RU2821222C1 - Concave of threshing device of combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to threshing and separating devices for grain harvesters. The concave comprises a welded frame 1 formed by sidewalls, guides installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls, two removable sections 2 installed on guides between the sidewalls in the front part of the concave frame and representing a welded frame formed by sidewalls, transverse strips, longitudinal plates and rods passing through transverse bars, flaps hingedly installed in the entry part of the concave, and a rod system. In this case, transverse strips are introduced, located perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame, longitudinal ribs located parallel to the sidewalls of the frame at the same distance from each other, rods installed in the holes of the transverse strips, pins welded to the surface of the longitudinal rib, pre-aligned with holes made on the longitudinal rib , axles installed in the holes of the longitudinal ribs and guides, shield 3 installed on the surface of the front transverse bar, apron 4 installed on the surface of the rear transverse bar, lever and handle hinged on the pins of the concave frame and with a rod system.

EFFECT: concave increases the productivity of the combine harvester and increases its maintainability.

10 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to threshing and separating devices for grain harvesters.

The concave of the threshing device of the grain harvester KZS-10 "PALESSE GS10" is known [Self-propelled grain harvester GS10. User manual. - OJSC "Gomselmash", 2022, website: https: //gomselmash.bv/upload/iblock/34f/manual_kzk_10_3_0100000_11_2022.pdf (date of access - 06.17.2023)], which includes a welded frame formed by sidewalls, transverse strips and longitudinal ribs, rods passing through the transverse bars of the concave frame, shields installed in the front part of the concave frame using a bolted connection, a cover plate, a concave apron and a finger grill installed in the rear part of the concave frame using a bolted connection.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- low versatility and adaptability of the concave of the threshing device for harvesting various crops, which reduces the quality of threshing and increases grain losses behind the combine, depending on the crop being harvested and harvesting conditions;

- high labor intensity of replacing the concave during conversion, as well as when installing bone separating strips or their subsequent dismantling depending on harvesting conditions, which leads to long downtime of the combine harvester, quantitative and qualitative losses, a reduction in the main working time and, as a consequence, a decrease in productivity combine

A concave of a threshing device of a grain harvester is known [patent RU 132673 U1, priority 10.10.2012], containing a frame with a shield placed in it and mutually perpendicularly located rods and crossbars, wherein the rods are made of two different diameters and are installed in the frame alternately with a constant pitch, and rods of smaller diameter are made with the possibility of dismantling and subsequent installation without dismantling the concave as a whole, while the shield is also made with the possibility of dismantling and subsequent installation.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- high labor intensity in dismantling the rods and their subsequent installation on the concave, depending on the crops being harvested, as well as when installing bone separating strips or during their subsequent dismantling, depending on harvesting conditions, which leads to a reduction in the main working time, long downtime of the combine harvester, quantitative and qualitative losses and, as a result, a decrease in the productivity of the combine;

- the impossibility in the design of the concave of the threshing device for the simultaneous arrangement of rods of different diameters with an optimal pitch for harvesting various crops; at certain ratios, a decrease in the quality of threshing, an increase in the load on the straw walker and cleaning is possible, which leads to an increase in crushing and grain losses behind the combine.

The concave of the threshing device of the Fendt L-Serie combine harvester is known [ https://www.fendt.com/ru/kombainy/l-serie-sistema-obmolota; https://www.fendt.com/ru/geneva-assets/article/107918/466594-fendtl-serie-2001-ru.pdf (date of access - 06.17.2023)], which includes a welded frame formed by the sidewalls, transverse strips and longitudinal ribs, rods passing through the transverse strips of the concave frame, and a removable section installed in the front part of the concave frame.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- low reliability of the frame structure of the concave of the threshing device due to the absence of a removable section of the connecting load-bearing elements of the frame in the installation area;

- the need to use several people or special lifting devices for installation and dismantling of the removable section due to its large overall dimensions and weight;

- high labor intensity of installing bone separating strips or their subsequent dismantling depending on harvesting conditions, which leads to a decrease in the main working time, long downtime of the combine harvester, quantitative and qualitative losses and, as a consequence, a decrease in the productivity of the combine;

- poor-quality separation of the threshed grain heap entering the cleaning sieves due to the increased spacing of the rods in the stationary part of the concave frame when harvesting various crops, which worsens the separation ability of cleaning and leads to increased grain losses due to the uneven distribution of the grain heap, and also reduces productivity combine due to the heavy cleaning load.

The concave of the threshing device of a combine harvester is known [patent US 5024631 A, priority 04/23/1990], which includes a welded frame formed by sidewalls, guides installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls, transverse profiles located perpendicular to the sidewalls of the concave frame, and longitudinal ribs located parallel sidewalls of the concave frame at the same distance from each other and from the sidewalls, thereby forming three equal spans in the concave frame, three removable sections installed in the frame spans on guides and on longitudinal ribs and representing a welded frame formed by sidewalls, transverse strips, longitudinal plates and rods passing through the transverse strips, with the rear part of the removable sections fastened under the rear transverse profile, and the front part of the removable sections installed on top of the surface of the front transverse profile and fixed with an angle using bolted connections, the number of angles corresponding to the number of removable sections. The disadvantages of this design are:

- high labor intensity of dismantling removable sections and their subsequent installation on the concave frame, depending on the crops being harvested, which leads to a decrease in the main working time, quantitative and qualitative losses, long downtime of the combine harvester and, as a consequence, a decrease in the productivity of the combine;

- low adaptability of the concave of the threshing device when harvesting spinous crops, which reduces the quality of threshing and increases grain losses behind the combine, depending on the crop being harvested and harvesting conditions.

The closest to the claimed invention is the concave of the threshing device of the New Holland CH 7.70 combine harvester [https://www.mycnhistore.com/eu/ru/newhollandag/eu/harvesting-equipment/crossover-combines/eubi90cro310ch/combine-tier-3/ threshing/concave-no-rs-frame-and-removal-tool/cn/06DE562E-7C9C-42AD-85BD-5412AC6BB476/3B428B02-7A41-414E-ADE8-5B74F9F98229 (date of access - 06/17/2023)], including welded frame formed by sidewalls, guides installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls, transverse profiles located perpendicular to the sidewalls of the concave frame, two removable sections installed on guides between the sidewalls in the front part of the concave frame and representing a welded frame formed by sidewalls, transverse strips, longitudinal plates and rods passing through the transverse bars, a rotating section installed in the rear part of the concave frame, dampers hingedly installed in the leading part of the concave on the first removable section, an axis and a system of rods connecting the dampers to the axis through which the dampers are closed and opened, Moreover, the dampers are made integral along the entire length of the removable section.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- the need to use several people or special lifting devices for installation and dismantling of removable sections due to large overall dimensions and weight;

- low reliability of the frame structure of the concave of the threshing device due to the absence of removable sections of the connecting load-bearing elements of the frame in the installation area;

- removable sections are made of different geometric shapes, which structurally does not allow removable sections to be installed in the concave frame without observing the sequence of their installation;

- the need, when dismantling removable sections and their subsequent installation on the concave frame, depending on the crop being harvested, to install dampers with their connection through a rod system, which leads to a reduction in the main working time, long downtime of the combine harvester, quantitative and qualitative losses and, as a consequence , to reduce the productivity of the combine.

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity of a grain harvester, increase the main working time, reduce human resources for the installation and dismantling of removable sections, as well as increase the reliability and increase the service life of the concave structure.

To achieve the specified technical result, the inventive concave of the threshing device of a combine harvester contains a welded frame formed by the sidewalls, guides installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls, two removable sections installed on the guides between the sidewalls in the front part of the concave frame and representing a welded frame formed by the sidewalls , transverse strips, longitudinal plates and rods passing through transverse strips, flaps hingedly installed in the entry part of the concave, and a rod system, transverse strips were introduced, located perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame, longitudinal ribs located parallel to the sidewalls of the frame at the same distance from each other, rods installed in the holes of the transverse bars, pins welded to the surface of the longitudinal rib, pre-aligned with holes made on the longitudinal rib, axles installed in the holes of the longitudinal ribs and guides, a shield installed on the surface of the front transverse bar, an apron installed on the surface rear transverse bar, lever and handle, hingedly fixed on the fingers of the concave frame and with a rod system, while the transverse bars and longitudinal ribs are made flat, the transverse bars are installed with spikes in the rectangular holes of the sidewalls of the concave frame and are rigidly fixed to the sidewalls of the frame, and the longitudinal ribs are using the cutouts, they are combined with the cutouts of the transverse strips and are rigidly fixed to the transverse strips, thereby determining the position of the transverse strips and longitudinal ribs among themselves, and the transverse strips installed in the front and rear parts of the concave frame have different geometric shapes.

The transverse bar installed in the front part of the frame is rigidly fixed to the sides of the frame, and the supporting surface of the transverse bar coincides with the supporting surface of the guides.

The rods are rigidly fixed in the holes of the last transverse bar located in the rear part of the frame and form a lattice through which the grain is separated. The axes are designed to rotate in the holes of the longitudinal ribs and guides and are limited in axial movement due to the absence of through holes in the sidewalls of the concave frame.

The dampers are made of several parts with the possibility of unobstructed passage with a minimum gap between the longitudinal ribs, as well as the longitudinal ribs and sidewalls of the concave frame, while the dampers are made in the form of an L-shaped section and are rigidly fixed on the axes. The shield and apron are made with the possibility of dismantling and subsequent installation on the concave frame and are fixed using a bolted connection.

The removable sections are made of the same geometric shape and can be rotated 180°, with each removable section consisting of 3 symmetrically located rows. The longitudinal plates of the removable sections are located evenly at the same distance from each other and are equal to the number of longitudinal ribs of the concave frame, while the lower radius of the longitudinal plates is tightly coupled with the upper radius of the longitudinal ribs of the concave frame. The coverage angle of the removable sections is one third of the total coverage angle of the threshing drum. The diameter of the rods in the removable sections is 1.5 times smaller than the diameter of the rods in the stationary part of the concave frame, while the distance between the surfaces of the rods in the removable sections coincides with the distance between the surfaces of the rods in the stationary part of the concave frame. The removable sections are made interchangeable and are connected to each other along transverse strips, while the other sides of the removable sections are connected by transverse strips, respectively, to the front transverse strip of the concave frame and the surface of the shield. The removable sections are fixed with a shield using a bolted connection.

Thanks to these innovations, they achieve increased reliability and increased service life of the concave structure, a reduction in human resources for the installation and dismantling of removable sections, an increase in the main working time and, as a result, an increase in the productivity of the combine harvester.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings:

- fig. 1 - general view of the concave of the threshing device (in isometry);

- fig. 2 - side view of the concave of the threshing device (in section);

- fig. 3 - fixing the handle on the concave frame (section A-A);

- fig. 4 - fixing the lever on the concave frame (section B-B);

- fig. 5 - general view of the concave frame (in isometry);

- fig. 6 - general view of the removable section (in isometry).

The claimed invention contains the following structural elements (see Fig. 1-6): 1 - frame; 2 - removable sections; 3 - shield; 4 - apron; 5 - handle; 6 - lever; 7, 8, 9 - thrust; 10, 11 - dampers; 12 - bolts; 13, 20 - nuts; 14, 18, 21 - washers; 15, 16, 19 - fingers; 17 - cotter pins; 22, 23, 31 - sidewalls; 24, 25, 32 - transverse strips; 26 - longitudinal ribs; 27, 34 - rods; 28, 29 - guides; 30 - axles; 33 - longitudinal plates, - in this case, the concave is a prefabricated structure and includes a frame 1, removable sections 2 mounted on guides 28 and 29 and on longitudinal ribs 26 between the sidewalls 22 and 23 in the front part of the frame 1, a shield 3 installed in the front part of the frame 1, an apron 4 installed in the rear part of the frame 1, a handle 5, a lever 6 mounted on the fingers 19 of the frame 1, and rods 7, 8 and 9 connected to the handle 5, lever 6 and flaps 10. Frame 1 is a welded structure and includes sidewalls 22 and 23, transverse strips 24 and 25 installed in the rectangular holes of the sidewalls 22 and 23, longitudinal ribs 26 installed in the rectangular cuts of the transverse strips 24, rods 27 installed in the holes of the transverse strips 24 and forming a lattice through which the grain is separated, guides 28 and 29 installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls 22 and 23, fingers 19 installed through a hole on the outermost longitudinal rib 26, axles 30 installed in the holes of the longitudinal ribs 26 and guides 28 and 29, and dampers 10 and 11 installed on axles 30, with dampers 10 installed between the longitudinal rib 26 and the sidewall 22 and 23, and dampers 11 installed between the longitudinal ribs 26.

Shield 3 is fixed on the transverse bar 25 of frame 1 using bolts 12, nuts 13 and washers 14. Apron 4 is fixed on the rear transverse bar 24 of frame 1 using bolts 12, nuts 13 and washers 14. Handle 5 and lever 6 are hinged on the fingers 19 using nut 20 and washer 21. Handle 5 is pivotally connected to rod 7 using pin 15 and cotter pin 17. Lever 6 is pivotally connected to rods 7 and 8 using pin 16, washer 18 and cotter pin 17. Rods 8 and 9 are pivotally connected between themselves using a pin 15 and a cotter pin 17. The rod 9 is pivotally connected to the valves 10 using a pin 15, a washer 18 and a cotter pin 17.

Removable section 2 is a welded structure and includes sidewalls 31, transverse bars 32 installed in the rectangular holes of the sidewalls 31, longitudinal plates 33 installed in the rectangular cuts of the transverse bars 32, and rods 34 installed in the holes of the transverse bars 32 and forming a lattice. , through which the grain is separated.

The inventive device operates as follows (see Fig. 1-6). When harvesting cereal crops in the process of threshing the technological mass, it is necessary to open the valves 10 and 11 using the handle 5. To open the valves 10 and 11, it is necessary to turn the handle 5 counterclockwise, overcoming the “dead center”, and through the lever 6 and the rod system 7, 8, 9 lower the flaps 10 and 11, which, under the influence of their own weight, go down, taking the lowest position. In this case, the threshed grain freely passes through the lattice surface of the removable section 2 of the concave and enters the other working parts of the combine harvester.

When harvesting spinous crops and in conditions with a complex agricultural background, it is necessary to close the valves 10 and 11 using handle 5. To close the valves 10 and 11, it is necessary to turn the handle 5 clockwise and, through the lever 6 and the rod system 7, 8, 9, lift the valves 10 and 11, having overcome the “dead point” that limits the movement of the dampers 10 and 11 in the opposite direction, thereby the dampers 10 and 11 take the uppermost position. This prevents the unthreshed technological mass from falling through the cells of the removable section 2, which makes threshing more efficient and contributes to a better flow of the technological process in the combine harvester.

To dismantle the removable sections 2, you must first unlock the shield 3 and, alternately, along the guides 28 and 29 and along the longitudinal ribs 26 of the frame 1, pull the removable sections 2. To install the removable sections 2, you must repeat the operations in the reverse order.

The technical result consists in increasing reliability and increasing the service life of the concave structure, reducing human resources for installation and dismantling of removable sections, increasing the main working time and, as a consequence, increasing the productivity of the combine harvester.

Claims (10)

1. A concave of a threshing device of a combine harvester, containing a welded frame formed by sidewalls, guides installed on the inner surface of the sidewalls, two removable sections installed on guides between the sidewalls in the front part of the concave frame and representing a welded frame formed by sidewalls, transverse strips, longitudinal plates and rods passing through transverse strips, flaps hingedly installed in the leading part of the concave, and a rod system, characterized in that transverse strips located perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame, longitudinal ribs located parallel to the sidewalls of the frame at the same distance from each other are introduced into it , rods installed in the holes of the transverse bars, pins welded to the surface of the longitudinal rib, pre-aligned with holes made on the longitudinal rib, axles installed in the holes of the longitudinal ribs and guides, a shield installed on the surface of the front transverse bar, an apron installed on surfaces of the rear transverse bar, a lever and a handle, hingedly fixed on the fingers of the concave frame and with a rod system, while the transverse bars and longitudinal ribs are made flat, the transverse bars are installed with spikes in the rectangular holes of the sidewalls of the concave frame and are rigidly fixed to the sidewalls of the frame, and the longitudinal ribs using cutouts, they are aligned with the cutouts of the transverse strips and are rigidly fixed to the transverse strips, thereby determining the position of the transverse strips and longitudinal ribs among themselves, and the transverse strips installed in the front and rear parts of the concave frame have different geometric shapes. 2. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse bar installed in the front part of the frame is rigidly fixed to the sides of the frame, and the supporting surface of the transverse bar coincides with the supporting surface of the guides. 3. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are rigidly fixed in the holes of the last transverse bar located in the rear part of the frame and form a grate through which the grain is separated. 4. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes are designed to rotate in the holes of the longitudinal ribs and guides and are limited in axial movement due to the absence of through holes in the sides of the concave frame. 5. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the valves are made of several parts with the possibility of unobstructed passage with a minimum gap between the longitudinal ribs, as well as the longitudinal ribs and sidewalls of the concave frame, while the valves are made in the form of an L-shaped section and rigidly fixed on the axes. 6. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield and apron are made with the possibility of dismantling and subsequent installation on the concave frame and are fixed using a bolted connection. 7. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the removable sections are made of the same geometric shape and can be rotated 180°, with each removable section consisting of 3 symmetrically located rows. 8. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal plates of the removable sections are located evenly at the same distance from each other and are equal to the number of longitudinal ribs of the concave frame, while the lower radius part of the longitudinal plates is tightly coupled with the upper radius part of the longitudinal ribs of the concave frame . 9. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coverage angle of the removable sections is one third of the total coverage angle of the threshing drum. 10. The concave of the threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the bars in the removable sections is 1.5 times less than the diameter of the bars in the stationary part of the concave frame, while the distance between the surfaces of the bars in the removable sections coincides with the distance between the surfaces of the bars in the stationary part of the concave frame, wherein the removable sections are made interchangeable and interconnected along transverse strips, and the other sides of the removable sections are coupled with transverse strips, respectively, with the front transverse strip of the concave frame and the surface of the shield, the removable sections are fixed by the shield using a bolted connection.