RU2820412C1 - Automated integrated system for monitoring remote objects and method of monitoring remote objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: monitoring systems.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of automated systems and methods for monitoring remote objects, mainly in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low power supply and with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communication. Automated multichannel system continuous non-volatile complex monitoring of remote objects state is made in form of integrated observation network of measuring instruments, located on a plurality of dissimilar objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach territories with low power supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communication, by combining information flows in a single data collection center. Method enables continuous non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of said set, detecting critical values of states of these objects and promptly communicate information about it to the corresponding services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations via wire or wireless communication channels. System consists of measuring instruments connected by means of information and service channels with a single center for collection, registration and output of monitoring data, wherein the system consists of a set of subsystems according to the corresponding types of measurement, wherein the single data collection, registration and output center (DATA center) is connected to the Internet and contains a database for storing said data.

EFFECT: creation of a multichannel automated system and a method for continuous non-volatile complex monitoring of the state of remote objects, such as structures of buildings and structures of the territory, bases of railways and roads, bases of bridge structures, infrastructure of engineering protection of the territory, as well as landslide, mudslides and objects with hazardous natural processes and phenomena, located in remote and hard-to-reach territories with low power supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communication, by combining information flows of all incoming channels in a single data collection center, and timely informing the duty dispatcher services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or the unified operational dispatch control service (UODCS) on the detected potentially dangerous conditions of objects and the detected hazardous natural processes and phenomena.

8 cl, 21 dwg

Description

Application area.

The group of inventions relates to the field of automated systems and methods for monitoring remote objects, mainly in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications.

State of the art.

There is a known method for monitoring the state of the structure of a building or engineering structure and a device for its implementation according to RF patent No. 2327105 (Application: 2006117589; IPC G01B 7/16; G01M 7/00. Published: 06/20/2008)[1]. The method consists of interrogating sensors installed in places where the structure is diagnosed, converting the information received from the sensors and transmitting it to a control point in the form of a computer. The device contains a control point in the form of a computer, sensors located in places for diagnosing the structure, a signal pre-processing unit associated with them, and means of communication between the signal pre-processing unit and the said computer. The technical result consists in preventing the destruction of the structure of structures due to the speed of response due to the visualization of the received information in a more visual and understandable form for the operator.

There is a known method for remote monitoring and diagnostics of the condition of structures and foundations of mainly engineering structures according to RF patent No. 2365895 (Application: 2008108720; IPC G01M 19/00. Published: 08/27/2009) [2]. The essence is that they register the values coming from the sensors at the control point, compare the latter with previously recorded values and, based on the deviation of the received values, determine the presence and nature of changes in the monitored parameters, while additionally diagnosing the condition of the foundation soils of the above-mentioned structures, using a metrological set for this purpose certified sensors for measurements. Technical result: increasing the accuracy of the measured parameters, increasing the sensitivity and reliability of monitoring and diagnosing the condition of structures and foundations, as well as ensuring the continuity of measurement processes.

There is a known system for monitoring the safe operation of buildings and engineering structures according to RF patent No. 2472129 (Application: 2011128276; MPKG01M 7/00 . Published: 01/10/2013) [3]. The system contains an automated workstation (AWS), diagnostic objects, a digital communication line, signal pre-processing blocks, a block of parametric sensors for the state of the design of diagnostic objects, a fire sensor block, a block of air chemical composition sensors, a block of water chemical composition sensors, a computer, a color mnemonic device display of the current and emergency state of the diagnostic object, alarm device, microcomputer, memory unit, power supply, strain sensors, linear shift sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, etc. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the monitoring system, reduce energy consumption and increasing the reliability of sensors.

Known systems and methods have the following disadvantages: they are intended only for placement in an area with good energy supply; do not ensure continuity of monitoring; there is no alarm system for visitors and residents; the alarm signal is activated by the duty officer; a small number of controlled parameters; There is no Database, so there is no possibility of archiving measurement results.

Systems and methods similar to patents No. 2365895, 2472129 do not provide for the possibility of working in areas with a lack of communication and the Internet.

There is a known system for high-precision monitoring of displacements of engineering structures according to RF patent 2496124 (Application: 2012135030; IPC G01S 19/42; G01S 5/14. Published: 10.20.2013) [4]. The system contains a measuring module, including a GLONASS/GPS navigation antenna, a GLONASS/GPS navigation receiver, a controller with non-volatile memory, a transceiver communication module, a battery, a battery charging device, sensor equipment of the measuring module, external sensor equipment, an automated operator workstation based on PC with processor.

There is a known method for organizing continuous seismometric monitoring of engineering structures and a device for its implementation according to RF patent No. 2546056 (Application: 2013127923; MPKG01M 7/00. Published: 04/10/2015)[5]. The technical result is to increase the reliability of determining the parameters of seismic impacts on an engineering structure.

There is a known method for monitoring the state of the structure of a building or engineering structure and a device for its implementation according to RF patent No. 2576548 (Application: 2014131881; MPKG01B 7/16; G01M 7/00. Published: 03/10/2016)[6].

A digital engineering seismometric station with a system for monitoring the technical condition of buildings or structures is known according to RF patent No. 2654830 (Application: 2017122139; IPC G01V 1/24. Published: 05/22/2018) [7]

A seismic device is known for measuring dynamic impacts when monitoring the technical condition of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures according to RF patent No. 2655462 (Application: 2017122141; IPC G01V 1/16, G01V 1/18, G01V 1/24, G01M 7/00. Published: 28.05 .2018) [8], which provides measurement and registration of vibration accelerations of soil and objects in a wide range of frequencies and accelerations from the most insignificant to those exceeding lg, which provides for the placement of both engineering seismometric stations and stations for monitoring the technical condition of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures.

Known technical solutions [4]-[8] are designed for a small number of controlled parameters.

There is a known system for automated monitoring of the state of potentially dangerous objects of the Russian Federation in the interests of ensuring protection from man-made, natural and terrorist threats according to RF patent No. 2296421 (Application: 2005119338 ; IPC H04B 7/185 . Published: 03/27/2007) [9], containing a satellite orbital constellation with its members an Earth remote sensing (ERS) spacecraft connected by an illumination channel to an air-ground local remote sensing (LRS) constellation, a communications and data transmission spacecraft connected by a communication channel to an information reception and processing complex, and a navigation spacecraft support, connected by a control channel to ground satellite communication stations, including a coordination and analytical center, a spacecraft flight control center, and the coordination and analytical center is connected to regional information and analytical centers, which, in turn, are connected to territorial points for receiving and processing information , and remote sensing space communication operators.

Famous method of seismic monitoring of the process of development of oil and gas condensate fields in the North of the Russian Federation according to RF patent No. 2761052 (application 2021108626; IPC G01V 1/00, G01V 1/38, G01V 1/22. Published 12/02/2021) [10]. The technical result is increasing the efficiency and information content of control over field development and assessing the possibility of the formation of technogenic deposits, reducing the risks of geo-ecological incidents during the operation of the field. However, the known method concerns only seismic monitoring. Seismometry data is transferred for preliminary processing and analysis to the Geological Service of the enterprise, which implements a seismic monitoring program for the field territory.

Known methods and systems are intended only for monitoring the intensity of seismic vibrations of soils and/or the earth's crust and do not simultaneously provide for monitoring the condition of load-bearing/building structures of buildings and structures, which does not provide complete information about the threat to the safety of people in buildings/structures, including .h. hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, as well as notification of the dangerous condition of the facility for the unified duty dispatch service (EDDS) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Emergency situations on landslide slopes are widely known, for example, on the Black Sea coast and the mountainous regions of the Caucasus and Crimea. A similar picture is observed in the city of Kazan, on the banks of the river. Volga, in the mountainous regions of Siberia and the Far East, when laying main pipelines across river crossings that require constant monitoring.

A system for integrated monitoring of the natural environment is known from RF patent No. 2680652 (application No. 2017116218, IPC G09B 29/00. Published 02.25.2019) [11], aimed at automation and autonomy of the system for integrated monitoring of the natural environment. The purpose of the invention is to create a complex of interdependent and interconnected monitoring of the ecological state and use of natural areas. The purpose of the invention is to analyze and monitor the state of the natural and man-made environments for areal and linear objects located on land, under water and on the water surface, by combining information flows in a single Center for Integrated Monitoring of the Natural Environment (CCMPS), operating on the basis of the use of modern remote sensing methods using geoportals and metadata portals.

However, the known system does not simultaneously provide for monitoring the condition of load-bearing/structural structures of buildings and structures, which does not provide complete information about the threat to the safety of people in buildings/structures, incl. in hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, and timely notification of the unified duty dispatch service (EDDS) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

There are known systems for monitoring engineering structures (SMIC), developed within the framework of the requirements of the national standard GOST R 22.1.12-2005 “Safety in emergency situations. Structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures. General requirements”, which make it possible to detect at an early stage changes in the bearing capacity of the soil foundation, as well as structural elements of buildings and structures, and promptly inform the facility’s duty control service personnel about a critical change in the state parameters of the facility’s load-bearing structures.

A well-known system for monitoring engineering structures (SMIC) (Developed by LLC Electronic Technologies and Metrological Systems (ZETLAB company), Moscow, Zelenograd. Source https://zetlab.com/produkciya/sistemy-pod-kluch/sistema-monitoringa- inzhenernyih-konstruktsiy-smik/. Published 08.27.2016 [12], Allows monitoring of all types of object structures: from monitoring a small object at one point to monitoring large objects in a stationary mode; the number of points and the type of monitoring depends on the type of object structure and is selected. at the design stage of each subsystem using a calculation method, based on design documentation.

The system for monitoring engineering structures (SMIC) is known (developed by JSC Research Institute ELPA, Zelenograd. Source https://www.elpapiezo.ru/SmartCity/Presentation(CMIK)_Elpa.pdf. Published 2017) [13]. Monitoring of the condition of building structures, buildings and structures is carried out in order to ensure their safe operation. The engineering structures monitoring system is a hardware and software complex that monitors the reliability indicators of the load-bearing structures of a building or structure in order to timely prevent situations in which the values of the recorded parameters exceed their maximum permissible values.

The specified well-known SMIC systems [12] and [13] are intended only for monitoring the condition of objects such as buildings and structures, and do not simultaneously provide for monitoring the condition of infrastructure facilities for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena in hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, as well as notification of the dangerous condition of the object.

There is a known method for monitoring the technical condition of construction objects and a system for monitoring the technical condition of construction objects according to RF patent No. 2672532 (Z. No. 2016144216; IPC G01M 7/00. Published: 11/15/2018) [14], including a sensor unit, a measurement registration unit that performs registration of measurements coming from the sensor unit, a block for calculating controlled parameters, which calculates controlled parameters based on measurement results, an analytical processing block, which determines the states of controlled parameters by comparison with threshold values and determines the states of controlled structures and/or the construction site as a whole based on the choice worst state of the corresponding monitored parameters, monitoring information display unit.

Any combination of different types of sensors, which form the set S, can be used as measuring equipment. The specific composition of the sensors used is selected based on both economic considerations and considerations of ease of installation of the sensor and its maintenance during operation. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of determining structures that are in an emergency or pre-emergency state, increasing the accuracy of determining the state of controlled structures and the object as a whole, and the possibility of interconnected analysis of measurements from various devices, and increasing performance.

The known method and system are intended only for monitoring the condition of objects such as buildings and structures, and do not simultaneously monitor the condition of infrastructure facilities for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, incl. in hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, as well as notification of the dangerous condition of the facility.

Known methods and systems are intended only for monitoring the condition of objects such as buildings and structures, and do not simultaneously monitor the condition of infrastructure facilities for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, incl. in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, as well as notification of the dangerous condition of the facility.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, settlements remote from communication lines and inaccessible areas are typical mainly for the high mountainous regions of the North Caucasus or regions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East.

However, in these territories there are gas pipelines, railways, and communications; there are buildings and structures both infrastructural and those with large numbers of people.

From the above, the relevance of the technical problem follows: the development of complex systems and methods, technical means for monitoring the condition of objects such as buildings and structures, for remote settlements and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications , monitoring the condition of infrastructure facilities for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, and timely notification of the dangerous state of the facility, necessary to prevent the destruction of the structure of buildings (structures), as well as risks caused by the threat of landslides and mudflows and hazardous natural phenomena, through rapid response to ensure comprehensive safety of the population and facilities.

The technical result is the creation of a multi-channel automated system for continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of the condition of remote objects, such as: structures of buildings and structures of the territory, foundations of railways and highways, foundations of bridge structures, infrastructure for engineering protection of the territory, as well as landslides, mudflow areas and objects with hazardous natural processes and phenomena, located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications , by combining information flows of all incoming channels in a single Data Collection Center, and promptly informing the duty dispatch services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or unified operational dispatch control service (ESODU) about identified potentially dangerous conditions of objects and identified dangerous natural processes and phenomena.

Another technical result is the creation of a method for automated continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of the condition of remote objects such as: structures of buildings and structures of the territory, foundations of railways and highways, foundations of bridge structures, infrastructure for engineering protection of the territory, as well as landslides, mudflow areas and objects with hazardous natural processes and phenomena, incl. located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply, and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications , by combining information flows of all incoming channels in a single Data Collection Center, and timely informing the duty dispatch services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or a unified operational dispatch service (ESODU) about identified potentially dangerous conditions of objects and identified dangerous natural processes and phenomena.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an automated multi-channel system for continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of the condition of remote objects, made in the form of an integrated observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communication, by combining information flows in a single Data Collection Center, and allowing for continuous, non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detecting critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicating information about this to the relevant services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations via wired or wireless communication channels,

consists of measuring instruments connected via information and service channels to a single center for collecting, recording and issuing monitoring data, while the System consists of a set of subsystems for the corresponding types of measurement, and includes:

the first subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, consisting of many sets of equipment for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people, and transmitting measurement results via information channels to a single data collection center;

the second subsystem, namely the subsystem for monitoring the state of the infrastructure of engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, consisting of many groups of measuring systems located at monitoring sites, and designed for measurement, registration and processing physical parameters of the current state of monitoring objects, such as: infrastructure for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, and transfer of measurement results via information channels to a single data collection center;

in this case, a single center for collecting, registering and issuing data (DATA-center) is connected to the Internet and contains a Database for storing the specified data, and the DATA-center is located in a populated area provided with a stable power supply using an alternating current network and the presence of dedicated lines Internet networks;

The system contains automated workstations (AWS) connected to the Internet;

as well as a repeater to enable bidirectional transmission of data streams, including information and service channels, between the second subsystem and the DATA center using the Internet;

Moreover, through information channels, measurement results are transferred from the first subsystem and from the second subsystem to the Database, and through service channels, both control information is transferred from the DATA center to the first subsystem and to the second subsystem, and status information is transferred to the DATA center equipment of the first subsystem and equipment of the second subsystem;

Moreover, to enable continuous operation of information and service channels, the first monitoring subsystem is connected to the global Internet, both using leased lines and through a mobile telephone network;

Moreover, to enable continuous, energy-independent operation of objects of the second subsystem, located in hard-to-reach areas with undeveloped power supply structures, their power supply is provided from solar photovoltaic modules used in conjunction with batteries;

moreover, to enable continuous, energy-independent operation of information and service channels in hard-to-reach areas with undeveloped power supply and communication structures, the second monitoring subsystem is connected to the DATA center, both through a mobile telephone network and through a repeater, connected in turn to the Internet;

at the same time, automated workstations are designed with the ability to continuously receive in real time from the DATA center database via the global Internet network measurement results received from the equipment of the first and second subsystems and stored in the DATA center database, subsequent automated processing of these results , which includes determining the states of controlled parameters by comparing them with threshold values and determining the states of controlled objects based on the selection of a dangerous state of the corresponding controlled parameters, their visualization, detection of critical values of the controlled parameter of these objects and prompt delivery of the received information to the relevant emergency services via wired or wireless channels communications;

at the same time, automated workstations are located in a populated area provided with a stable power supply using an alternating current network, stable mobile communications through a mobile telephone network and the presence of dedicated Internet lines;

At the same time, the system is connected via communication/notification channels to the Ministry of Emergency Situations system and emergency services.

In this case, the first subsystem - the seismic monitoring subsystem, as devices for measuring vibrometric signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people, contains sensors for measuring vibrations of the object, and/or sensors for measuring the acceleration of vibrations of the object, and/or sensors for measuring velocities vibrations of the object, and/or sensors for measuring the amplitudes of vibrations of the object,

Moreover, all of the above sensors are included in the sets of vibration monitoring equipment in accordance with the functional purpose of the sensors.

In this case, the second subsystem - the subsystem for monitoring the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena - contains tilt measurement sensors, and/or deflection measurement sensors, and/or stress measurement sensors, and/or load measurement sensors, and/or sensors for measuring absolute and uneven settlement, and/or sensors for monitoring cracks, joints and seams, and/or sensors for measuring geodetic parameters, pressure sensors, including for monitoring the pressure of an object on the ground and/or the pressure of the soil on an object, and /or strain measurement sensors, and/or temperature measurement sensors, and/or humidity measurement sensors,

in this case, all of the above sensors are included in groups of measuring systems in accordance with the functional purpose of the sensors;

in this case, the second subsystem is a set of six groups of measuring complexes (GMC), made in the form of an observation network of measuring instruments located on many heterogeneous objects of the territory; Moreover, each group of measuring systems is designed to monitor a certain type of objects.

At the same time, the first and second monitoring subsystems DATA-center and automated workstations incorporate uninterruptible power supplies that ensure continuous operation of the system and its energy independence due to the batteries included in the specified uninterruptible power supplies .

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of automated continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of the condition of remote objects using a united observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or unstable or absent electrical/electronic communication, by combining information flows in a single Data Collection Center, and allowing for continuous, non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detecting critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicating information about this to the relevant emergency services via wired or wireless channels communications,

includes:

selection of monitoring objects with large numbers of people and

objects for monitoring the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, hazardous natural processes and phenomena;

placement of multiple sets of equipment, including sensors, of the first monitoring subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, designed for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, at selected objects with large numbers of people;

placement of multiple groups of measuring systems, including sensors, a second monitoring subsystem designed to monitor the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslide and mudflow areas, roads and railways, structures, hazardous natural processes and phenomena at selected sites;

measuring the values of input signals of sensors installed at the monitoring objects of the first and second subsystems;

transmission of measurement results via information channels from the first and second subsystems to a single data collection center;

calculation of controlled parameters for each of the controlled objects, characterizing the state of the controlled object,

identification of controlled parameters with critical values of object state parameters;

display in a visual form of monitoring information and the results of assessing the condition of each of the monitored objects;

creation of analytical risk zoning maps;

registration in the DATA center database of the received information about the state of monitoring objects, analysis of incoming information about the state of monitoring objects;

interaction with emergency and rescue services based on the specified analysis and notification of the dangerous condition of the facility.

At the same time, automated workstations receive in real time from the DATA center database via the global Internet the measurement results received from the equipment of the first and second subsystems and stored in the DATA center database with subsequent automated processing of these results, including determination of states controlled parameters by comparing them with threshold values and determining the states of controlled objects based on the selection of the dangerous state of the corresponding controlled parameters, their visualization, detection of critical values of the controlled parameter of these objects and prompt delivery of the received information to the relevant emergency services via wired or wireless communication channels.

In this case, the transfer of information through information and service channels occurs in real time.

At the same time, the continuous operation of the system and its energy independence are ensured by the uninterruptible power supply units containing rechargeable batteries included in the first and second monitoring subsystems, the DATA center and automated workstations, and the values of the degree of discharge of the rechargeable batteries of the uninterruptible power supply units included in the first and second subsystems monitoring are transmitted via service channels to the DATA center and automated workstations, where the specified values and the degree of discharge of the batteries included in the DATA center and automated workstations are analyzed to prevent their discharge to unacceptable values.

The group of inventions is illustrated by the following figures.

Fig. 1. Functional block - diagram of the proposed System with external connections.

Fig. 2 a. Block diagram of the first subsystem.

Fig. 2 b. Functional block diagram of a fragment of the proposed monitoring system, containing many sets of equipment intended for vibrometric monitoring.

Fig. 3. Functional diagram of the monitoring object of the first type (Objects with large numbers of people).

Fig. 4. Functional diagram of the alarm control unit with devices connected to it.

Fig. 5. Functional diagram of block 34 for communication with the Internet.

Fig. 6a. Block diagram of a set of 2 sets of vibrometric monitoring equipment of the first subsystem.

Fig. 6 b. Block diagram of a fragment of the proposed system displaying a set of 3 measuring complexes of the second subsystem.

Fig. 7. Block diagram of the i-th fragment of a set of 3 sets of equipment.

Fig. 8. Block diagram of the measuring complex IR 41.i.

Fig. 9. Block diagram of the first version of the data acquisition and transmission unit (DSPD_A).

Fig. 10. Block diagram of the second version of the data collection and transmission unit (DSPD_B).

Fig. 11. Block diagram of the third version of the data collection and transmission unit (DSPD_B).

Fig. 12. Block diagram of the fourth version of the data acquisition and transmission unit (DSPD_G).

Fig. 13. Block diagram of a group of sensors in a sensor network 45.

Fig. 14 a, 14 b. Block diagram of the power subsystem.

Fig. 15. Block diagram of the repeater.

Fig. 16. Block diagram of the Center for the collection and registration of territory monitoring data (DATA-center).

Fig. 17. Block diagram of workstation 5.

Fig. 18. Scheme of data passage through information and service channels.

List of positions.

1 - The claimed System.

2 - Many sets of equipment designed for vibrometric monitoring of observed objects of the territory (MKOVM).

3 - Many groups of measuring complexes (MGIC).

4 - DATA-center (Center for collection, registration and distribution of territory monitoring data).

4.1 - Server.

4.2 - Personal computer.

4.3 - Console.

4.4 - Switch.

4.5 - Uninterruptible power supply.

4.6 - AC power supply of DATA center 4.

4.7 - Local area network (LAN) of the DATA center 4.

4.8 - Application software (APP) of the DATA center 4.

5 - Automated Workplace (AWS).

5.1 - Personal computer (PC) AWS 5.

5.2 - Visualization block.

5.3 - Block for outputting text and graphic information onto AWP 5 paper.

5.4 - Uninterruptible power supply unit AWP 5.

5.5 - AC network AWP 5.

5.6 - Modem for communication with the mobile telephone network 8.

5.7 - Router AWP 5.

5.8 - IP phone.

5.9 - Mobile phone.

5.10 - Acoustic system AWP 5.

6 - Repeater.

6.1 - Base station.

6.2 - Injector.

6.3 - Access point.

6.4 - Repeater antenna.

6.5 - Router.

7 - Global Internet.

8 - Mobile telephone network.

9 - Global navigation satellite system GPS or GLONASS, hereinafter referred to as navigation system 9 GPS/GLONASS.

10 - Connection to the Internet via a physical communication channel in the form of a wire line, then - leased line 10.

11 - Connection via radio channel with the mobile telephone network.

12 - Ministry of Emergency Situations of the locality.

13 - Emergency services of the locality.

14 - Cloud service for IP telephony.

15 - AC mains.

16, 16.1 - Radio channels from repeater 6 to BSPD_X.

17 - Database.

19 - A lot of mechanical vibrations coming from building structures of objects, measured by a set of 20 equipment.

19.i - Many mechanical vibrations coming from building structures of objects, measured by a set of 20.i equipment.

19.n ₁ - Many parameters of mechanical vibrations coming from building structures of objects, measured by a set of 20.n ₁ equipment.

20 - Set of vibrometric monitoring equipment (KOVM) in MKOVM 2.

20.1 - The first set of equipment in MKOVM 2.

20.n ₁ - n _1st set of equipment in MKOVM 2.

21 - Measuring section of the first subsystem.

21.1 - The first measuring section of the first subsystem.

21. n ₄ - n _4th measuring section of the first subsystem.

22 - Block for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information, hereinafter referred to as the SPVI Block.

23 - Vibrometric sensor network, hereinafter referred to as VMSS 23).

24 - A group of mechanical vibrations from a set of 19 mechanical vibrations acting on the VMSS 23.

24.1 - The first group of mechanical vibrations arriving at the input of the first measuring section 21.1 of the first subsystem.

24.n ₄ - n _4th group of mechanical vibrations arriving at the input of the n _4th measuring section of the first subsystem.

25 - Group of alarm blocks.

26 - Alarm sounds.

27 - GPS/GLONASS antenna of measuring section 21 of the first subsystem.

29 - Power line.

30 - Recorder.

31 - Redundant power supply.

32 - Router.

33 - Uninterruptible power supply.

34 - Internet connection block.

35 - Alarm relay.

36 - Alarm block.

37 - Seismic sensor.

38 - Mobile communication antenna of block 34.

39 - Mobile communication modem block 34.

40.1 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects representing coastal fortifications, hereinafter referred to as GIK_BU.

40.2 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects that represent landslide areas, hereinafter referred to as GIK_OU.

40.3 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects representing mudflow areas, hereinafter referred to as GIK_SU.

40.4 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects that represent the foundations of structures being newly erected, reconstructed and located in the zone of influence of the construction of structures, hereinafter GIK_OF.

40.5 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects that are retaining walls, hereinafter referred to as GIK_PS.

40.6 - A group of measuring systems for monitoring objects that are roads and railways, hereinafter referred to as GIK_DZhD.

41 - Measuring complex (IR).

42 - Many physical parameters requiring measurement by multiple 3 groups of measuring systems.

43 - Measuring section (IS) of the second subsystem.

44 - Data collection and transmission unit (hereinafter referred to as DSPD).

44.A - Data collection and transmission block, first option (hereinafter BSPD_A).

44.B - Data collection and transmission block, second option (hereinafter BSPD_B).

44.B - Data collection and transmission block, third option (hereinafter BSPD_B).

44.G - Data collection and transmission block, first option (hereinafter referred to as BSPD_G).

45 - Sensor network.

46 - Group of physical parameters from set 51.

47 - Measuring line.

48 - Power supply section.

48.1 - Power supply section (Version 1).

48.2 - Power supply section (Version 2).

48.3 - Redundant power supply.

48.4 - Battery.

48.5 - Charge controller.

48.6 - Solar photovoltaic module.

48.7 - Battery.

49 - Solar radiation energy.

50 - Power bus.

51 - Data collection and transmission device of the first type (hereinafter referred to as USPD1).

52 - SIM card of the first example.

53 - Data collection and transmission device of the second type (hereinafter referred to as USPD2).

54 - Communication block.

55 - SIM card of the third example.

56 - Connector.

56.1 - First connector.

56.2 - Second connector.

56.3 - Third connector.

56.4 - Fourth connector.

57 - Synchronization module.

58 - Antenna of synchronization module 57.

59 - Transceiver.

60 - Transceiver antenna 59.

61 - Interface converter.

62 - Uniter.

63 - Sensor.

63.1 - Inclinometer sensor.

63.2 - Ground pressure sensor.

63.3 - Load cell.

63.4 - Overpressure sensor.

63.5 - Small strain sensor.

63.6 - Downhole inclinometer sensor.

63.7 - Embedded string strain gauge sensor with recorder.

63.8 - Strain gauge mechanical strain sensor of embedded type.

64 - Sensor position.

Implementation of the invention .

To illustrate the possibility of implementation and a more complete understanding of the essence of the group of inventions, a variant of its implementation is presented below, which can be changed or supplemented in any way, while the present group of inventions is in no way limited to the presented variant.

The claimed automated multi-channel system 1 for continuous, non-volatile, integrated monitoring (hereinafter referred to as System 1) for the condition of remote objects (Fig. 1) is intended to identify potentially dangerous deformations and tilts of structures/structures, landslide deformations, hazardous geological phenomena, completed in the form of a unified observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications , by combining information flows in a single Data Collection Center, allowing continuous, non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detect critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicate information about this to the relevant emergency services via wired or wireless communication channels.

Heterogeneous objects are objects that have different characteristics and properties. According to the invention, the term “heterogeneous objects” includes structures of buildings and structures, infrastructure for engineering protection of the territory, roads and railways, landslides, mudflows, and natural hazards.

Integration of heterogeneous monitoring objects into one System ensures complexity, which makes it possible to cover groups of heterogeneous objects with monitoring, consolidate computing resources and data storage facilities, reduce the amount of transmitted information, reduce the load on communication channels, which in turn allows for more efficient use of technical means.

The inventive System 1 (Fig. 1) consists of measuring instruments connected via information and service channels to a single center for collecting, registering and issuing monitoring data. System 1 consists of a set of subsystems for the corresponding types of measurement, and includes:

- the first subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, consisting of many 2 sets of equipment (MKOVM 2), designed for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people, and transmitting measurement results to single data collection center 4;

- the second subsystem, namely, the subsystem for monitoring the condition of such objects as:

a) coastal fortifications, hereinafter referred to as BU;

b) landslide areas, then OU;

c) mudflow areas, then SS;

d) foundations, foundations of structures of newly constructed, reconstructed and located in the zone of influence of construction of structures, hereinafter referred to as PF;

e) retaining walls, then PS;

f) foundations of railways and highways, foundations of bridge structures, hereinafter referred to as AZD.

The second subsystem consists of many 3 groups of measuring complexes (hereinafter referred to as IPCC 3), located on the monitoring objects indicated above in points (a) ÷ (e), and intended for measuring the physical parameters of the state of these objects, as well as for transmitting measurement results to a single data collection center 4.

The claimed System 1 also contains:

- a single data collection center 4 (hereinafter referred to as DATA-center 4), intended for receiving, registering and issuing information coming from the first and second subsystems of territory monitoring. The DATA center 4 is connected to the Internet network 7 and contains a Database 17 that registers and stores the specified information. DATA center 4 is designed for continuous operation.

The DATA center 4 is located in a populated area, mainly an administrative center, provided with a stable power supply using an AC network 15 and the presence of dedicated lines 10 of the Internet network 7;

- two or more automated operator workstations (AWS) 5, designed to monitor in real time, in an automated mode, information coming from the first and second monitoring subsystems, and to control the first and second monitoring subsystems. All workstations 5 are connected to the Internet network 7 and are designed for continuous operation, including due to round-the-clock operation of their equipment. Workstation 5 is located in a populated area (administrative center), provided with a stable power supply via the AC network 15, stable mobile communications via the mobile telephone network 8 and the presence of leased lines 10 of the Internet network 7;

- relay 6, designed to provide the possibility of bidirectional broadcast of information flows containing both information from the second monitoring subsystem and information that controls this subsystem, namely, information flows between IPCC 3 and DATA center 4 using the Internet network 7 (see. Fig. 18). Moreover, broadcasting is provided, among other things, for monitoring objects located in hard-to-reach areas with undeveloped structures for providing energy supply and communications. At the same time, the equipment of the repeater 6 is distributed over the territory where the monitoring objects of the second subsystem are located, and is located at points in the area where there is a stable power supply using the AC network 15 and the presence of dedicated lines 10 of the Internet network 7, and there is also the possibility of radio communication this equipment with serviced IPCC 3 for organizing 16 radio channels.

The inventive System 1 is a multi-channel television measuring system containing both information channels and service channels. Moreover, through information channels, DATA center 4 receives measurement results from sensors located at various heterogeneous monitoring objects. Through service channels in the direction of DATA-center 4, information is received about the state of the equipment units of System 1 located at the monitoring objects, and commands are received in the direction from DATA-center 4 that allow remote control of the operation of these units (see Fig. 18).

Information exchange between MKOVM 2 of the second monitoring subsystem and the DATA center 4 is carried out through the global network 7 Internet.

Wherein:

MKOVM 2 are connected to the global Internet network 7 using dedicated lines 10 and/or using radio channels 11 of the mobile telephone network;

IPCC 3 are connected to the global Internet network 7 both using radio channels 11 of the mobile telephone network, and using a repeater 6 connected to the global Internet network 7 using leased lines 10;

DATA center 4 and workstation 5 are connected to the global network 7 Internet using leased lines 10.

Workstation 5 is designed to receive measurement results received from equipment MKOVM 2 and IPCC 3 and stored in the database 17 of the DATA-center 4, and subsequent automated processing of these results, their visualization and execution of actions corresponding to the results of this processing. AWP 5 contain application software (ASW) that monitors and notifies the operator of AWP 5 about the achievement of critical values of the parameters of the state of monitoring objects by analyzing the parameters supplied to DATA-center 4 from MKOVM 2 and from IPCC 3.

System 1 is connected via a mobile telephone network 8 to the Ministry of Emergency Situations system 12 and to emergency services 13 (Fig. 1).

Below is a more detailed description of the composition of the proposed System 1.

To carry out monitoring at the facilities, sets of equipment MKOVM 2 and MGIK 3 were used, including many measuring instruments, as well as devices for processing and transmitting data. Moreover, the specified set of measuring instruments are sets that include various types of sensors, such as vibration sensors, sensors for measuring the acceleration of oscillations of an object, sensors for measuring the speed of oscillations of an object, sensors for measuring the amplitudes of oscillations of an object, sensors for measuring inclinations, sensors for measuring deflections, sensors for measuring stresses, sensors load measurements, sensors for measuring absolute and/or uneven settlement, sensors for monitoring cracks, joints and seams, sensors for measuring geodetic parameters, pressure sensors, including for monitoring the pressure of an object on the ground and/or soil pressure on an object, sensors for measuring deformations, sensors temperature measurements, humidity measurement sensors. All sensors are manufactured by well-known companies and produced by industry (see, for example: https://ecworld.ru/support/sgsns.htm. Published 01/8/2012).

With the help of this equipment, an observation network of measuring instruments has been formed at each monitoring object, which allows, by combining information flows in a single Integrated Monitoring Center (hereinafter referred to as the DATA-center) 4, to continuously monitor critical values of the state of objects.

The first subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, consisting of many sets of vibrometric monitoring equipment MKOVM 2 (Fig. 1) is made with the ability to measure a variety of 19 parameters of mechanical vibrations coming from monitoring objects, and with the ability to connect to the global network 7 Internet using both physical communication channels in the form of dedicated lines 10, one side of which is connected to the first input - output of MKOVM 2, and the second side is connected to the Internet network 7, and using connections 11 via radio channels through the mobile telephone network 8 (hereinafter referred to as network 8) , one side of which is connected to the second input-output of MKOVM 2, and the second side is connected to the network 8, while the first input-output of the network 8 is connected to the Internet network 7. A connection to the Internet network 7 is used to connect through it to the DATA center 4 for the purpose of transmitting to its database 17 the results of measuring a set of 19 mechanical vibrations and receiving 5 commands from the workstation that control the operation of MKOVM 2.

The measurement results received from MKOVM 2 to DATA-center 4 contain the following characteristics of the state of monitoring objects and the environment: mechanical vibrations from building structures, seismic vibrations from the earth’s crust, vibration velocity, vibration velocity of the environment. At the same time, the DATA-center 4 registers the majority of weak local, strong and medium-sized remote earthquakes, medium-level microseisms, vibrations of production and industrial levels. Monitoring of objects using MKOVM 2 is necessary to determine the intensity of vibrations of building structures of objects, registration of accelerations (velocities, displacements) of vibrations of building structures of objects and foundation soils adjacent to the monitoring object during earthquakes with the possibility of timely notification of people located (living) in the building.

A block diagram of the first subsystem is shown in FIG. 2 a. It includes many sets of vibrometric monitoring equipment MKOVM 2, consisting of n1 sets of 20 vibrometric monitoring equipment (KOVM 20), located at facilities with large numbers of people located in the zone of hazardous natural and man-made processes and phenomena; where n ₁ is the number of vibration monitoring objects in System 1, i.e., each KOVM 20.i is located at a separate vibration monitoring object, for example, in a school building, hospital, station. Here 1 ≤ i ≤ n ₁ . In this case, each KOVM 20 consists of n ₄ measuring sections 21 of the first subsystem, each of which, in turn, includes an interconnected block 22 for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information, then the SPVI block 22 and the vibrometric sensor network 23 (VMSS 23), consisting of sensors sensitive to mechanical vibrations with a frequency of 0.1 ÷ 20.0 Hz. It may include seismic sensors that measure vibrations of an object, and/or sensors that measure accelerations of vibrations of an object, and/or sensors that measure the speeds of vibrations of an object, and/or sensors that measure the amplitudes of vibrations of an object.

A functional block diagram of a fragment of the proposed System 1, containing the first vibrometric monitoring subsystem, consisting of MKOVM 2, is shown in Fig. 2 b. A plurality of sets of vibration-metric monitoring equipment MKOVM 2 consists of n ₁ sets of vibration-metric monitoring equipment (KOVM) 20, each of which is connected to the Internet network 7. If at the point in the area where KOVM 20.i is located, it is possible to connect to the 7 Internet network using a dedicated line 10, then this KOVM 20.i is connected with its first input/output to the 7 Internet network using a dedicated line 10. If there is no such possibilities, then KOVM 20.i connects to the Internet network 7 with its second input-output via connection 11 via a radio channel with the mobile telephone network 8, which has a connection to the Internet network 7. The inputs of all KOVM 20 are connected to the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9. In this case, each KOVM 20.i is made with the ability to measure and register a set of mechanical vibrations arriving at its inputs 19.i coming from the external environment and from structural elements of the vibrometric monitoring object.

A functional block diagram of KOVM 20 vibrometric monitoring equipment sets is shown in FIG. 3. KOVM 20 contains at least one measuring section 21 of the first subsystem, each of which contains a block 22 for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information (hereinafter referred to as SPVI block 22), VMSS 23, a group of alarm blocks 25 and an antenna 27 of the GPS/GLONASS measuring section 21 of the first subsystems.

Each measuring section 21 of the first subsystem is connected to the Internet network 7 either using a dedicated line 10 or using a radio connection 11 with a mobile telephone network 8 having a connection to the Internet network 7. The measuring input of each measuring section 21 of the first subsystem is configured to receive mechanical vibrations 24 from a plurality of 19 mechanical vibrations propagating at the installation points of the measuring input of this measuring section 21 of the first subsystem. In addition, to synchronize the measurement process, each measuring section 21 of the first subsystem is connected via a radio channel to the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9 using the GPS/GLONASS antenna 27 of the measuring section 21 of the first subsystem. The power input of each measuring section 21 of the first subsystem is connected to the AC network 15.

The unit for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information SPVI 22 (Fig. 4) consists of a recorder 30, a redundant power source 31 (hereinafter RIP 31), a router 32, an uninterruptible power supply 33 (hereinafter UPS), an Internet connection unit 34, an alarm relay 35 dangerous condition of the object. The presence of RIP 31 as part of the SPVI block 22 ensures stable operation of the measuring section 21 of the first subsystem and the first subsystem of vibrometric monitoring as a whole in case of failures in the operation of the AC network 15.

Vibrometric sensor network 23 (VMSS 23) contains one or more seismic sensors 37 installed at controlled points of the monitoring object structure.

Group 25 of signaling blocks about the dangerous state of an object contains one or more signaling blocks 36. The sound signals 26 emitted by them propagate throughout the premises of the monitoring object. In this way, people located there are notified of the dangerous state of the object.

The inputs and outputs of the seismic sensors 37, which are part of the VMSS 23, are connected to the group of inputs and outputs of the recorder 30. In this case, the mechanical contacts of the sensitive elements of the seismic sensors 37 with the structural elements of the vibrometric monitoring object (not shown in the diagram) are the measuring input of the measuring section 21 first subsystem, which receives part 24 of mechanical vibrations from a set of 19 mechanical vibrations, for their measurement and subsequent transmission to the DB 17 of the DATA center 4.

The unit for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information SPVI 22 (Fig. 4) is designed to provide uninterrupted electrical energy to the blocks and components included in it, necessary for their operation. For this purpose, it includes a redundant power source 31 (hereinafter RIP 31) and an uninterruptible power supply 33 (hereinafter UPS), each of which contains a rechargeable battery (not shown in the diagram). In this case, an AC network 15 is connected to the power inputs of the RIP 31 and the UPS 33, and the power output of the RIP 31, using the power line 29, is connected to the power input of the recorder 30 and to the power input of the alarm relay 35 to supply them with supply voltage. The first input/output of the recorder 30 is connected to the control input/output of the RIP 31, the alarm relay unit 35 is connected to the second input/output of which, the power output of which is connected to one or more alarm units 36 of a group of 25 alarm units. The GPS/GLONASS antenna 27 of the measuring section 21 of the first subsystem, which receives signals from the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9 via a radio channel, is connected to the input of the GPS/GLONASS recorder 30. The second port of the router 32 is connected to the third input-output of the recorder 30, the third port of which is connected to the input/output of the UPS 33. The router 32 is connected to the Internet connection unit 34, which provides connection of the SPVI unit 22 to the Internet network 7 or using a leased line 10 , or, if it is not working, using a connection 11 via a radio channel with a mobile telephone network 8, which has a connection to the Internet network 7.

A functional diagram of the Internet connection block 34 is shown in FIG. 5. If the dedicated line 10 is operational, then the connection to the Internet network 7 is made through it, because it is connected to the router 32. If the leased line 10 is not operational, the connection to the Internet network 7 is made using a serially connected mobile modem 39 connected to the router 32 and a mobile antenna 38, which receives signals via radio channel 11 from the mobile telephone network 8. connected to network 7 Internet. This switching is done automatically.

MKOVM 2 of the first subsystem can be implemented on the following known technical basis:

as recorder 3, for example, a seismic digital recorder of the ZET 048-I model can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/preobrazovateli-interfeisov/gsm/zet-7000-nb-iot/. Published 31.05 .2016);

as RIP 31, for example, a redundant power supply model RIP-12 ISP.01 can be used (https://bolid.ru/production/reserve/rip-base/rip-12_01.html#characteristics. Published 04/12/2013) ;

as a router 32, for example, an Ethernet router of the Mikrotik hEX lite model can be used (https://zscom.ru/1045-mikrotik-rb750r2. Published 06/14/2013);

as an uninterruptible power source 33, for example, an uninterruptible power supply of the SunWind SW850 model can be used (https://sunwind.ru.com/catalog/powersafe/ups/sw850. Published 03/31/2021);

as an alarm relay 35, for example, a relay module model ZET 455 can be used (https://file.zetlab.com/Document/10_%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A7%D0%95 %D0%95/ZET455.pdf. Published 09/06/2016);

as an alarm unit 36, for example, an audible siren, model AL-S58 (https://www.tinko.ru/catalog/product/219672/. Published) can be used;

37 seismic sensors can be used, for example, piezoelectric seismic receivers model BC 1313 (https://zetlab.com/shop/datchiki/seysmopriemniki/bc-1313/. Published 04/04/2016);

as a mobile communication modem 39, for example, an industrial 4G/LTE modem model iRZ TL12 can be used (https://irz.net/ru/products/terminals/high-speed-series/tl12. Published 09/03/2013). In this case, the mobile communication modem 39 is powered through the USB port connected to the router 32.

The second subsystem consists of many 3 sets of equipment for groups of measuring complexes (MGIC 3) (Fig. 1). The block diagram of the second subsystem is shown in Fig. 6a. Each group 40 of IPCC 3 is designed to monitor a specific type of facility. The proposed System considers a set of six groups of measuring systems (hereinafter referred to as GIK) GIK 40.1 ÷ 40.6. Each GIC consists of one or more measuring complexes 41, each of which is located at one monitoring object. Each measuring complex 41 consists of n ₈ measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem, each of which in turn includes an interconnected data collection and transmission unit 44, then a BSPD 44 and a sensor network 45.

A functional block diagram of the second subsystem of the proposed Monitoring System 1, containing IPCC 3, is shown in FIG. 6 b. IPCC 3 is a set of six groups of 40 measuring complexes (GMC) (hereinafter referred to as GIC 40.1 ÷ 40.6), made in the form of an observation network of measuring instruments located on many heterogeneous objects in the territory. Moreover, each GIK 40.1 ÷ 40.6 is designed to monitor a certain type of object.

Moreover:

- GIK 40.1 is intended for measuring and transmitting to the DATA center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “coastal fortifications”, hereinafter GIK_BU 40.1;

- GIK 40.2 is intended for measuring and transmitting to the DATA center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “landslide areas”, hereinafter GIK_OU 40.2;

- GIK 40.3 is intended for measuring and transmitting to the DATA center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “mudflow areas”, hereinafter GIK_SU 40.3;

- GIK 40.4 is intended for measuring and transmitting to the DATA center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “foundations, foundations of the structure of newly erected, reconstructed and located in the zone of influence of construction of structures”, hereinafter GIK_OF 40.4;

- GIK 40.5 is designed to measure and transmit to the DATA center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “retaining walls”, hereinafter GIK_PS 40.5;

- GIK 40.6 is intended for measuring and transmitting to the DATA-center 4 measurement results of the physical parameters of the current state of the monitoring object: “the foundations of railways and highways, the foundations of bridge structures”, hereinafter GIK_AZD 40.6.

It is possible to increase the number of groups if there is a need to observe a new type of monitoring objects.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.1 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the state of coastal fortifications are determined: angle of inclination of the surface layer of soil, ambient temperature, pressure on the soil of the foundation of the structure, deformations, microstresses (mechanical stresses), torques, forces in concrete structures, soil pressure masses, displacement of soil masses. Monitoring of objects using GIK 40.1 is necessary for: prevention of destruction, critical damage, detection of critical values of structural strength, timely detection of emergency conditions of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure: coastal fortifications of the BU.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.2 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the current state of landslide areas are determined: angle of inclination of the surface layer of soil, temperature of the environment, swelling of the surface layer of soil, movement of soil masses, tilt of the upper layers of soil masses and angle of inclination of the upper layers of soil masses, excess pressure, pore water pressure in the soil, liquid level in piezometric wells, layer-by-layer settlement of soil masses. Monitoring of objects using GIK 40.2 is necessary for taking timely measures to such dangerous natural phenomena as OS landslides.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.3 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the current state of mudflow areas are determined: angle of inclination of the surface layer of soil, temperature of the environment, swelling of the surface layer of soil, movement of soil masses, tilt of the upper layers of soil masses and angle of inclination of the upper layers of soil masses, excess pressure, pore water pressure in the soil, liquid level in piezometric wells, layer-by-layer settlement of soil masses. Monitoring of CS facilities using GIK 40.3 is necessary for taking timely measures to such dangerous natural phenomena as mudflows.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.4 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the current state of the bases, foundations of structures newly erected, reconstructed and located in the zone of influence of the construction of structures are determined: changes in the roll of the foundation and structures, displacement along the axes (X and Y), ambient temperature, layer-by-layer settlement of soil masses of foundations, vertical and horizontal movements of an array of soil masses in depth, small deformations, tension of concrete structures, stress-strain state, elastic zones of deformation and transitions to the zone of irreversible deformation under the base of foundations, at the base under the heel of piles, in contact with structure, deformations in concrete structures, foundation reinforcement, fences, mechanical stress, tension, deformations of concrete structures in the underground part of structures, pile shafts, excess pressure in the foundations of structures, pore water pressure in the soil, liquid level in piezometric wells. Monitoring of objects using GIK 40.4 is necessary to prevent destruction, critical damage, the onset of critical values of structural strength, foundations, foundations of newly erected, reconstructed and located in the construction zone of structures.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.5 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the current state of retaining walls are determined: angle of inclination of the surface layer of soil, ambient temperature, pressure on the soil of the foundation of the structure, deformations, microstresses (mechanical stresses), torques, forces in concrete structures, pressure soil masses, displacement of soil masses, swelling of the surface layer of soils, changes in the roll of structures and the angle of inclination of structures, excess pressure on the soil at the base of the structure and its distribution over the base area, uneven settlement of the foundation, ambient temperature, for hydrological observations - groundwater pressure. Monitoring of objects using GIK 40.5 is necessary to: prevent destruction and critical damage, the onset of critical values of structural strength, timely detection of emergency conditions of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure: substation retaining walls.

Based on the results of measurements of GIK 40.6 in DATA-center 4, the following characteristics of the current state of roads and railways are determined: excess pressure on the soil at the base of the structure and its distribution over the base area, uneven settlement of soil masses, ambient temperature, for hydrological observations - groundwater pressure , slope angle of the surface layer of soil, displacement along the axes (X and Y), change in swelling of the surface layer of soil, movement of soil masses, roll of soil masses and angle of inclination of soil masses, pore water pressure in the soil, liquid level in piezometric wells. Monitoring of objects using GIK 40.5 is necessary to: prevent destruction and critical damage, control the moment of onset of critical strength values, timely detection of emergency conditions of the foundations of railways and highways, supports of bridge structures.

Such a variety of measuring systems used for monitoring groups provides a solution to the problem of complexity of the proposed System 1 and allows monitoring with the help of one system to cover all heterogeneous monitoring objects located in the territory controlled by System 1.

To provide information communication with the DATA center 4 connected to the network 7 Internet (Fig. 1), in order to transfer measurement results to the database of the DATA center 4, GIC 40.1 ÷ 40.6 are made with the ability to connect to the global network 7 Internet (Fig. 6 ). Such a connection is provided both through the mobile telephone network 8 and through the repeater 6, which makes it possible to expand the area of location of the monitoring objects of the proposed System 1. For this purpose, the GIK 40.1 ÷ 40.6 with its first and second inputs/outputs via radio channels 16 are connected to the repeater 6, input/ the output of which is connected to the Internet network 7, in addition, the GIK 40.1÷40.6 with its second inputs/outputs are connected via radio channels 11 to the mobile telephone network 8 connected to the Internet network 7. Also, to ensure time synchronization of all GICs 40.1 ÷ 40.6 with the database of the DATA center 4, and real-time tracking of their position in space, all GICs 40.1 ÷ 40.6 are connected via radio channels to the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9.

The functional composition of each GIK 40.1 ÷ 40.6 is identical. The block diagram of one of them: GIK 40.i is shown in Fig. 7. Here 1 ≤ i ≤ 6. GIC 40.i consists of n ₇ measuring complexes 41.i (hereinafter referred to as IC 41.i), each of which is located at one monitoring object. Here 1 ≤ n ₇ ≤ A, where A is the number of objects being monitored by the GIK group 40.i. Each IR 41.i is configured to connect its first and second inputs/outputs via radio channels 16 to the repeater 6, its second inputs/outputs via radio channels 11 to the mobile telephone network 8 and its inputs via radio channels (not designated) to the GPS navigation system 9 /GLONASS, and the inputs of each IR 41.i receive physical parameters, which are a set of 42.i controlled physical parameters.

The block diagram of the measuring complex IK 41.i is shown in Fig. 8. IC 41.i consists of one or more measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem (hereinafter IC 43 of the second subsystem) and a power supply section 48, and each IC 43 of the second subsystem includes a data collection and transmission unit 44 (hereinafter DSPD 44) and a sensor network 45. Each BSPD 44 is configured to connect its first and second inputs/outputs via radio channels 16 to the second inputs/outputs of the repeater 6, its second inputs/outputs via radio channels 11 with the mobile telephone network 8 and its inputs via radio channels (not designated) with navigation system 9 GPS/GLONASS. Moreover, the measuring inputs/outputs of each BSPD 44, using a measuring line 47, are connected to the inputs/outputs of the sensor network 45, the information inputs of which receive a group of 46 physical parameters from a set of 42. The power inputs of each BSPD 44 are connected to a power bus 50, supply voltage which receives from the power supply section 48, the inputs of which receive energy from the AC network 15 and/or, if the power supply section 48 is located in an area with an undeveloped power supply structure, solar radiation energy 49.

Depending on the characteristics of the territory in which the monitoring objects are located and on the type of physical interface of the measuring line 47 used in the sensor network 45, several options for implementing the BSPD 44 can be used in the proposed System 1. The following are four examples of implementing the BSPD 44.

Example 1. The data collection and transmission unit BSPD 44_A (Fig. 9) is designed to communicate with the Internet through the mobile telephone network 8, using connection 11 via a radio channel.

BSPD 44_A includes one device 51 for collecting and transmitting data of the first type (hereinafter referred to as USPD1 51) and one SIM card 52. In this case, USPD1 51 is connected through a radio channel 11 to the mobile telephone network 8 and then to the Internet 7, and its input is connected to the navigation system 9 GPS or GLONASS, the power input of USPD1 51 is connected to the power bus 50, the measuring input/output of USPD1 51 is connected to line 47, through which information is exchanged between USPD1 51 and the sensor network 45 and provides power to the sensor network 45. USPD1 51 can be performed, for example, on a data collection and transmission device model USPD ZET 7000 NB-IoT (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/preobrazovateli-interfeisov/gsm/zet-7000-nb-iot/. Published 28.09. 2021), while the SIM card must support NB-IoT (NB-IoT is a cellular communication standard for telemetry devices with low data exchange volumes), and the physical interface on line 47 in this case is an RS-485 interface with two additional lines for powering the sensor network 45. In this case, the voltage supplied from the power supply section 48 via the power bus 50 must be equal to 24 V. It is clear to a specialist that USPD1 51 can be performed on other similar elements.

Example 2. BSPD 44_B (Fig. 10) is configured to communicate with the Internet through a repeater 6 via radio channel 16. BSPD 44_B includes one device 53 for collecting and transmitting data of the second type (hereinafter referred to as USPD2 53). In this case, USPD2 53 is connected via radio channel 16 to the repeater 6 and further, through a dedicated line 10, to the Internet 7, and its input is connected to the GPS or GLONASS navigation system 9. The power input of USPD2 53 is connected to the power bus 50, the measuring input/output of USPD2 53 is connected to line 47, through which information is exchanged between USPD2 53 and the sensor network 45 and provides power to the sensor network 45. USPD2 53 can be performed, for example, on a device collection and transmission of data USPD ZET 7000 LoRaWAN (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/preobrazovateli-interfeisov/gsm/zet-7000-lorawan/. Published 09/24/2021). The measuring line 47 in this case is a physical RS-485 interface with two additional lines for powering the sensor network 45. The radio channel, in this case 16 , operates using the LoRaWAN wireless protocol. In this case, the voltage supplied from the power supply section 48 via the power bus 50 should be equal to 24 V. The specialist understands that USPD2 53 can be performed on other similar elements.

Example 3. BSPD 44_B (Fig. 11) is configured to communicate with the Internet via a mobile telephone network 8, using a connection 11 via a radio channel.

BSPD 44_B includes a communication unit 54 with a SIM card 55 installed in it, a first connector 56.1 and a second connector 56.2, a synchronization module 57 of the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9 and an antenna 58 of a synchronization module 57. In this case, the communication unit 54 is configured to be connected via a radio channel 11 to the mobile telephone network 8 and then to the Internet 7, and a measuring line 47 is connected to its input/output through the first connector 56.1 and the second connector 56.2, to which the information input is also connected /output of the synchronization module 57, to the radio frequency input/output of which is connected the antenna 58 of the synchronization module 57, configured to receive radio signals from the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9. The measuring line 47 is configured to transmit through it both information signals exchanged by all BSPD units 44_B connected to it and the sensor network 45, and the supply voltage supplied to it via the power bus 50, and transmitted by it to all BSPD units connected to it 44_B and to the sensor network 45. As a communication block 54, for example, a ZET 7177 interface converter can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/zet-7177-preobrazovatel-interfeysa/. Published 08/27/2016 ), equipped with a GSM antenna with an SMA connector, and as the first connector 56.1 and the second connector 56.2, for example, connectors of the ZET 7001-M type can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/aksessuaryi-i-optsii/zet -7001-m/. Published 08/27/2016). As a synchronization module 57, for example, the GPS/GLONASS ZET 7175 synchronization module can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/zet-7175-modul-sinhronizatsii-po-signalam-gps-glonass/. Published 08/27/2016) As an antenna 58 of the synchronization module 57, for example, the Trimble 66800-52 antenna can be used (https://eshop.sectron.eu/en/trimble-gps-antenna-magnet-mount-3v-sma- m-rg174-5m-66800-52/p-1590/. Published 08/26/2017). When using the specified elements, the measuring line 47 is a two-wire physical interface for CAN 2.0 data transmission with two additional lines for powering all BSPD units 44_V and the sensor network 45. In this case, the voltage coming from the power section 48 via the power bus 50 must be equal to 24 B. It is clear to a specialist that the BSPD 44_B can be made on other similar elements.

Example 4. BSPD 44_G (Fig. 12) is designed to communicate with the Internet through a repeater 6 via radio channel 16.2 . BSPD 44_G contains a transceiver 59 with an antenna 60 of the transceiver 59 connected to it, an interface converter 61, a third connector 56.3 and a fourth connector 56.4, a combiner 62, a synchronization module 57 and an antenna 58 of the synchronization module 57. In this case, the transceiver 59 is made with the ability, through the antenna 60 of the transceiver 59 connected to it, to receive and transmit information signals from and to the repeater 6, and the information input/output of the transceiver 59, which is also a power input, is connected through a combiner 62 to the second input/output of the converter 61 interface, the first input/output of which is connected to the measuring line 47 through the third connector 56.3 and the fourth connector 56.4. Moreover, the measuring line 47 is configured to transmit information signals through it, which are exchanged by all BSPD 44_G units and sensor network 45 connected to it, and the supply voltage supplied to it via the power bus 50, and transmitted by it to all BSPD 44_G units connected to it and to the sensor network 45. The power bus 50 is connected through a combiner 62 to the power input of the transceiver 59, and through the fourth connector 56.4 to the measuring line 47, which in turn is connected both to the sensor network 45 and through the third connector 56.3 to the first input-output of the interface converter 61 and to the information input-output of the synchronization module 57. The third connector 56.3 and the fourth connector 56.4 can be For example, connectors of the ZET 7001-M type are used (https://zetlab.com/shop/aksessuaryi-i-optsii/zet-7001-m/. Published 08/27/2016). As a synchronization module 57, for example, the GPS/GLONASS ZET 7175 synchronization module can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/zet-7175-modul-sinhronizatsii-po-signalam-gps-glonass/. Published 08/27/2016). As an antenna 58 of the synchronization module 57, for example, a Trimble 66800-52 antenna can be used (https://shop.stepglobal.com/documents/productpdf/66800-52.pdf. Published 12/03/2008). The transceiver unit 59 can be made, for example, based on the Rocket M5 base station (https://ubiquiti.ru/rocket-m5.html. Published 09.23.2015), and the antenna 60 of the transceiver 59 can be used, for example, parabolic antenna RocketDish 5G-30 LW (https://ubiquiti.ru/rocketdish-5g-30-lw.html. Published 09/23/2015). The combiner 62 can be, for example, a passive PoE injector, and the interface converter 61 can be made, for example, on a ZET 7176 interface converter. When using these elements, the second input-output of the interface converter 61 and the information input-output of the transceiver 59 are Ethernet ports , wherein the transceiver port 59 is configured to provide the transceiver 59 with Passive PoE power. The measuring line 47 is a two-wire physical interface for CAN 2.0 data transmission with two additional lines for powering all BSPD units 44_G and the sensor network 45. In this case, the voltage supplied from the power supply section 48 via the power bus 50 must be equal to 24 V. A specialist understands that BSPD 44_G can be implemented on other similar elements.

Block 44 for collecting and transmitting data according to example 1 - BSPD 44_A and according to example 3 - BSPD 44_B is used in cases where a specific measuring section 43 of the second subsystem is located near populated areas or in places where there is coverage of cellular operators.

Block 44 for collecting and transmitting data according to example 2 - BSPD 44_B is used in cases where various measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem are located in remote and hard-to-reach settlements and are spread over long distances, and there is no cellular coverage.

Block 44 for collecting and transmitting data according to example 4 - BSPD 44_G is used in cases where various measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem are located in places where there is no cellular coverage in areas remote from populated areas, but are geographically located / concentrated in one area, close to each other .

A block diagram of sensor network 45 is shown in FIG. 13. Sensor network 45 contains a measuring line 47 and one or more sensors 63 (in Fig. 13 designated as 63.1 ... 63k) placed on the structural elements of the monitoring object. The information inputs of the sensors 63 receive a group of 46 physical parameters from a set of 42, which are controlled physical parameters necessary for monitoring the observed object.

In the sensor networks 45 measuring sections 43 of the second monitoring subsystem, sensors for measuring slopes, sensors for measuring deflections, sensors for measuring stresses, sensors for measuring loads, sensors for measuring absolute and uneven settlement, sensors for monitoring cracks, joints and seams, sensors for measuring geodetic parameters, sensors can be used pressure (including for monitoring the pressure of an object on the ground and/or the pressure of the soil on an object), strain measurement sensors, temperature measurement sensors, humidity measurement sensors. Sensors can be either single-channel or multi-channel, designed with the ability to measure the controlled parameter at several points of the monitoring object. In sensor networks 45, the following types of sensors 63 are used to measure these parameters:

sensor 63.1 - inclinometer;

sensor 63.2 - soil pressure sensor;

sensor 63.3 - strain gauge;

sensor 63.4 - excess pressure sensor;

sensor 63.5 - small deformation sensor;

sensor 63.6 - borehole inclinometer;

sensor 63.7 - embedded string strain gauges of the EM series with a recorder;

sensor 63.8 - strain gauge mechanical deformation sensor of embedded type.

The inputs/outputs of sensors 63 in the sensor network 45 are connected to the measuring line 47, which is one of the serial physical interfaces, for example RS-485 or CAN 2.0, with the ability to transmit power voltage to the sensors 63 connected to it. In this case, a specific sensor 63 of the sensor network 45 is located on measuring line 47 at position 64.i. Here 1 ≤ i ≤ k, where k is the number of positions 64 on line 47, equal to the number of sensors 63 in the sensor network 45. The composition of sensors 63 in a specific sensor network 45 depends on which of the six GIC 40.1÷GIC 40.6 this sensor network 45 is used. The specific number of sensors of each type in a specific GIK 40.1÷GIK 40.6 can be specified in the technical project for a specific System. Their installation and connection in a specific GIK 40.1÷GIK 40.6 is carried out in positions 64.i and at points at a specific monitoring facility in accordance with this project. The project is carried out after examining the monitoring objects included in System 1.

In general, the composition of sensors 63 in the sensor network 45 should be as follows.

The sensor networks include 45 IK41, included in:

- GIK_BU 40.1 may include either, according to the first embodiment, at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.2, or, according to the second embodiment, at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.3. A specific design option is selected in accordance with the technical design for a specific System 1;

- GIK_OU 40.2 may include at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.4;

- GIK_SU 40.3 may include at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.4;

- GIK_OF 40.4 may include at least one sensor 63.1, at least one sensor, one sensor 63.5, at least one sensor 63.6, at least one sensor 63.7, at least one sensor 63.8 and at least one sensor 63.4;

- GIK_PS 40.5 may include either, according to the first embodiment, at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.2, or, according to the second embodiment, at least one sensor 63.1 and at least one sensor 63.3. A specific design option is selected in accordance with the technical design for a specific System 1;

- GIK_JD 40.6 may include at least one inclinometer and at least one 63.2 sensor and at least one 63.4 sensor.

A specific sensor 63, if part of a specific sensor network 45, can be located at any position 64 (labeled 64.1...64k in FIG. 13) on measurement line 47 (FIG. 13).

As a 63.1 sensor, for example, a digital inclinometer model ZET 7054 can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/tsifrovoy-inklinometr-zet-7054/. Published 06/3/2016);

as a 63.2 sensor, for example, a soil pressure sensor model ZET 7010 SP can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/zet-7010-sp/. Published 05/3/2017);

as a 63.3 sensor, for example, a strain gauge model ZET 7110 can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/tsifrovoy-tenzodatchik-zet-7110/. Published 06/2/2016);

as a 63.4 sensor, for example, an excess pressure sensor model ZET 7012-I-VER.2 can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/tsifrovoy-datchik-izbyitochnogo-davleniya-zet-7012-i /. Published June 3, 2016);

as a small deformation sensor 63.5, for example, a digital small deformation sensor model ZET 7010 DS can be used (https://zetlab.com/shop/tsifrovyie-datchiki/tsifrovoy-tenzometricheskiy-datchik-zet-7010-ds/. Published 5.06 .2016);

As a 63.6 sensor, for example, a borehole inclinometer model BIN-D3-10 can be used (https://www.ntpgorizont.ru/product/borehole_inclinometer_bin-d3/. Published 09/14/2019);

sensor 63.7 multichannel. It contains one or more embedded string strain gauges, which are primary transducers, and a recorder. Moreover, one or more primary converters are located at one or several points of the monitoring object. In this case, for example, embedded string strain gauges of the EM series can be used as embedded string strain gauges, and a recorder for string strain gauges model ZET 7082-20 can be used as a recorder (https://zetlab.com/shop/datchiki/ tensodatchiki/strunnyie-tenzometryi-i-datchiki-deformatsii/em/. Published 06/21/2021);

sensor 63.8 contains an embedded strain gauge mechanical deformation sensor, which is a primary transducer, and a transducer. For example, a strain gauge mechanical deformation sensor of an embedded type, model ZET 901, can be used as a strain gauge mechanical deformation sensor, and a digital strain gauge sensor model ZET 7010 can be used as a recorder (https://zetlab.com/shop/datchiki/tensodatchiki/strunnyie- tenzometryi-i-datchiki-deformatsii/zet-901/. Published 09.19.2018).

The power supply section 48 can be made in the first 48.1 (Fig. 14 a) or in the second 48.2 (Fig. 14 b) design. The power supply section 48 is designed to provide uninterrupted electrical energy to the measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem, which are part of the IC 41, necessary for their operation. Moreover, the power supply section 48 in the first design is configured to receive electricity from the AC network 15, and in the event of turning off the voltage in the AC network 15, the power supply section 48 in the first 48.1 design is designed to receive electricity from the included battery 48.4. The power supply section 48 in the first version 48.1 includes a redundant power supply 48.3, the power input of which is connected to the AC network 15, and its power output, which is the power output of the power supply section 48, is connected to the power bus 50, through which the supply voltage is supplied from the section 48 power supply to all measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem included in the IC 41. The input-output of the backup power supply of the redundant power source 48.3 is connected to the battery 48.4 to charge it during the presence of voltage in the AC network 15 and to provide electrical energy to the power supply section 48 and further measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem during the absence of voltage in the AC network 15.

The second 48.1 design of the power supply section 48 is made with the possibility of receiving electricity from the radiation 49 of the Sun, by converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic modules 48.6, and in the absence of access to the radiation 49 of the Sun (cloudy, nighttime), the power supply section 48 according to the second 48.2 version has the ability to receive electricity from the included battery 48.7. The second 48.2 version of the power supply section 48 includes a charge controller 48.5, the power input of which is connected to the output of the solar photovoltaic module 48.6, located in the field of solar radiation 49. The power output of the charge controller 48.5, which is the power output of the power supply section 48, is connected to the power bus 50 , through which the supply voltage is supplied from the power supply section 48 to all measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem that are part of the measuring complex IR 41. The input-output of the backup power supply of the charge controller 48.5 is connected to the battery 48.7 for charging it while receiving energy from solar radiation 49 and to provide electrical energy to the power supply section 48 and then to the measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem, during the absence of solar radiation 49.

From the above it is clear that the first 48.1 version of the power supply section 48 is used in those IR 41, in the areas of which it is possible to connect to the AC network 15, and the second 48.2 version is used in those IR 41, in the areas of which there is no possibility of connecting to the network 15 AC, i.e. in areas with undeveloped energy supply structures.

If the power consumption in a particular measuring section 43 of the second subsystem is small, which occurs, for example, when measurements are performed by it with a period of several hours or days, the BSPD 44 included in such a measuring section 43 of the second subsystem may contain an internal power source in the form power batteries. In this case, the power bus 50 is not connected to the measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem with such a BSPD 44.

As a redundant power source 48.3, for example, a redundant power supply model RIP-24 isp.01 can be used (https://bolid.ru/production/reserve/rip-base/rip-24_01.html. Published 04/15/2013) .

For example, a rechargeable battery model AP-1207 12V 7A/h can be used as a 48.4 battery.

As a 48.5 charge controller, for example, a charge controller model EPSolar Tracer MPPT 3210 A, 30 A, 12/24V can be used (https://sv-synergy.ru/magazin/product/kontroller-zaryada-epsolar-tracer-3210a -mppt-30a-12-24v. Published 01/14/2018).

As a solar photovoltaic module 48.6, for example, a solar battery model FSM-160M can be used (http://solar-power-system.ru/id/solnechnaya-batareya-fsm-160-m-90.html. Published 9.02. 2015).

As a 48.7 battery, for example, a battery model AGM OSB 12-72 can be used (https://one-sun.ru/products/akkumulyatornye-batarei-agm-gel/sunways-osb-12-72.html. Published 08/15/2018).

The repeater 6 (Fig. 1, Fig. 15) is designed to provide bidirectional transmission of information flows between the IPCC 3 and the DATA center 4 using a dedicated line 10 connected to the Internet network 7 on one side, and radio channels 16 organized by the repeater 6 on the other . The operation of IPCC 3 through the repeater 6 occurs in cases where there is no access to the mobile telephone network 8 at the locations of IPCC 3. The repeater 6 (Fig. 15) consists of base stations 6.1, at least one, with an internal antenna, providing information communication over radio channels 16.1 with BSPD_B 44_B, included in IPCC 3 of the second subsystem and located in the zone of stable radio communication with a specific base station 6.1. An injector 6.2 is connected to each of the base stations 6.1, to the input-output of which a dedicated line 10 of the Internet network 7 is connected, and an AC network 15 is connected to the power input of each injector 6.2. The repeater 6 also includes at least one access point 6.3, each of which is connected to a repeater antenna 6.4, directed towards the antenna 60 of the transceiver 59 BSPD_G 44.G, which is part of the IS 43 of the second subsystem, or several antennas located close to each other 60 of the transceiver 59, indicated by BSPD_G 44.G, included in several ICs 43 of the second subsystem.

The repeater 6 also includes at least one router 6.5, designed to combine information flows of several access points 6.3 and provide access to the specified combined information flows to the Internet network 7 for their connection with the DATA center 4. For this purpose, the LAN ports of each router 6.5 are connected at least one access point 6.3, to the radio frequency input-output of each of which one antenna 6.4 of the repeater is connected, each of which is directed towards the groups of measuring complexes 40 it serves, which are part of IPCC 3 to ensure stable communication over radio channels 16.2.

The Internet ports of each router 6.5 are connected to a dedicated line 10 of the Internet network 7, and the power inputs of each router 6.5 are connected to an AC network 15. In this case, the power supply of the 6.5 router (not shown in the diagram) provides power to both the 6.5 router itself and the 6.3 access points connected to its LAN ports. The number of 6.5 routers in repeater 6 depends on the number of 6.3 access points and their distance from each other, because The physical connection of the LAN ports to the 6.3 access point is made using a cable, which cannot be very long and cannot be laid everywhere in the area.

As a base station 6.1, for example, a base station of the Vega BS-0.1 model can be used (https://iotvega.com/product/bs00-1. Published 02/5/2020);

as a 6.2 injector, for example, a passive PoE injector of the AN-PI15PG type can be used (https://amatek.su/products/an-pi15pg. Published 07/27/2018);

as an access point 6.3, for example, an access point of the Ubiquiti Rocket M5 model can be used (https://ubiquiti.ru/rocket-m5.html. Published 09/23/2015);

as a 6.4 repeater antenna, for example, a parabolic antenna of the Ubiquiti RocketDish 5G-30 LW model can be used (https://ubiquiti.ru/rocketdish-5g-30-lw.html. Published 09/23/2015);

as a 6.5 router, for example, an Ethernet router with a PoE output model RB750UPr2 can be used (https://mikrotik.ru/katalog/katalog/hardware/switches/poe-switches/hEX_PoE_lite. Published 10/15/2015).

The center for collecting, registering and issuing territory monitoring data, hereinafter DATA-center 4 (Fig. 16), is designed to receive measurement results produced by the equipment of the first and second monitoring subsystems MKOVM 2 and IPCC 3, register these measurement results in the database 17 and issuing these results to AWS 5 upon his request. To ensure the stated technical result, the DATA center 4 is designed in such a way that its functionality is maintained when the supply voltage in the AC network 15 is turned off, through which the DATA center 4 is powered.

The DATA center 4 includes one or more 4.1 servers connected to the 4.7 LAN of the DATA center 4, a 4.2 personal computer (PC 4.2) connected to the 4.7 LAN of the DATA center 4, a 4.3 console connected to each 4.1 server, a 4.4 switch LAN 4.7 of the DATA center 4, the Internet port of which is connected to a dedicated line 10 of the Internet network 7. DATA center 4 is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 4.5, the power output of which is connected to the 4.6 AC network of the DATA center 4. The power input of the UPS 4.5 is connected to the 15 AC network, and the power inputs are connected to the 4.6 AC network of the DATA center blocks 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 (not shown in the diagram). In this case, the information input-output of UPS 4.5 is connected to the information input-output of PC 4.2.

For example, a DELL PowerEdge T340 server can be used as a 4.1 server (https://www.dell-poweredge.ru/catalog/servery-v-bashennom-korpuse/poweredge-t340. Published 04/26/2019),

As a personal computer 4.2, for example, a computer model iRU Home 310H5SE (https://iru.ru/item/iruhome310h6semt/. Published 07/13/2022) with a monitor, desktop and keyboard (not shown in the diagram) can be used.

As a 4.3 console, for example, a KVM console with a CL5808N-ATA-RG switch can be used (https://www.atenpro.ru/catalog/kvm_oborudovanie/kvm_pereklyuchateli_s_zhk_displeyami/kvm_konsol_s_pereklyuchatelem_aten_cl5808n/. Published 02/25/2017 ).

As a 4.4 switch, for example, a switch model DGS-3000-52X can be used (https://dlink.ru/ru/products/1/2320.html. Published 04/23/2019).

As a UPS 4.5, for example, a UPS model PowerCom Sentinel SNT-2000 (https://www.upspowercom.com/UPS-SNT.jsp. Published 11/25/2021) can be used.

When using the above equipment as the operating system (OS) of 4.1 servers, for example, Microsoft Windows Server 2019 can be used (https://www.xcom-shop.ru/hpe_microsoft_windows_server_2019_16-core_standard_rok_russian_sw_proliant_only_696684.html. Published 04/12/2019). In this case, access of the DATA center 4 to all sensors 37 and 63 of the proposed system is carried out using software, for example the “Signal Recording” software (https://zetlab.com/shop/programmnoe-obespechenie/funktsii-zetlab/registratsiya /zapis-signalov/. Published 08/30/2016), which is a random access database 17.

Each automated workstation (AWS) 5 (Fig. 17) is configured to receive measurement results produced by the equipment of the first and second monitoring subsystems MKOVM 2 and IPCC 3 and stored in the database 17 of the DATA center 4, subsequent automated processing of these results, their visualization and execution of actions corresponding to the results of this processing.

Each workstation 5 is designed in such a way that its functionality is maintained when the supply voltage in the AC network 15, through which electrical power is supplied to the workstation 5, is turned off.

AWP 5 contain application software (ASW) that monitors and notifies the operator of AWP 5 when the characteristics of monitoring objects reach critical values, by analyzing the parameters supplied to DATA-center 4 from MKOVM 2 and from IPCC 3.

Each workstation 5 includes a personal computer (PC) 5.1, a visualization block 5.2 and a block 5.3 for outputting text and graphic information onto paper connected to it. In this case, the visualization block 5.2 is made with the ability to simultaneously display a large amount of graphic and text information, which represents the parameters of monitoring objects obtained from the results of measurements of sensors 37 and 63 and information about the state of the functional blocks of the proposed System 1. For this, the visualization block 5.2 is made on two or more graphic monitors. This allows the proposed System to solve the problem of complexity.

AWP 5 contains an uninterruptible power supply unit 5.4 (UPI), to the power input of which an AC voltage network 15 is connected, and the power output of this unit is connected to an AC network 5.5 AWP 5, which is connected to the power inputs of all AWP 5 units that require external power ( not shown in the diagram). PC 5.1 is connected to modem 5.6 for communication with the mobile telephone network 8 via radio channel 11, and to router 5.7, on which the automated LAN 5 is organized, and to which IP phone 5.8 and leased line 10 of the global network 7 Internet are connected. At the same time, a mobile phone 5.9 is also connected to the mobile telephone network 8, intended for communication between the operator AWP 5 with the Ministry of Emergency Situations and with other services in the territory. An acoustic system 5.10 is connected to the sound output of PC 5.1, with the help of which AWP 5 informs the operator that the current values of some parameters of the monitoring objects have gone beyond critical values or the states of some functional blocks of the proposed System 1 do not meet the technical requirements.

The basis of a 5.1 PC can be a system unit with a power supply and motherboard installed in it, for example the GIGABYTE B450 AORUS ELITE model (https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/B450-AORUS-ELITE-rev-1x#kf. Published 21 05/2010) with the necessary set of modules, such as memory modules, disk drives, a graphics module, etc. (not shown in the diagram), while a computer keyboard and mouse are connected to the system unit (not shown in the diagram);

a 5.2 visualization unit, including two or more monitors, can be implemented, for example, on Philips 243V7QSB/00 monitors (https://www.philips.ru/c-p/243V7QSB_00/full-hd-lcd-monitor. Published 20.08 .2017),

block 5.3 for outputting text and graphic information on paper can be made on the basis, for example, of a monochrome printer model P2516 (https://www.pantum.ru/product-center/1542095672036102146.html. Published 08.08.2022);

As an uninterruptible power supply unit 5.4, for example, a BPI model BACK BASIC 2200 EURO can be used (https://ippon.ru/catalog/item/backbasic-1500-2200-euro. Published 06/17/2021);

As a 5.6 modem for communication with a mobile telephone network 8, for example, a modem of the HUAWEI E3372h-320 Wifire Turbo model can be used (https://gimart.ru/product/modem-3g-4g-huawei-e3372h-320-wifire- turbo-black/. Published 03/20/2014).

For example, a router of the Archer C80 model can be used as a 5.7 router (https://www.tp-link.com/ru/home-networking/wifi-router/archer-c80/#overview. Published 01/02/2008).

A Yealink SIP-T21P E2 model phone can be used as an IP phone 5.8 (https://yealink.ru/products/yealink-sip-t21p-e2/. Published 12/28/2015).

A Nokia 1280 RM-647 model can be used as a 5.9 mobile phone (https://www.mvideo.ru/products/mobilnyi-telefon-nokia-1280-rm-647-black-30012040/specification. Published 07/23/2016 ).

As a 5.10 speaker system, for example, the speaker system of the Defender SPK 33 model can be used (https://defender.ru/catalog/2-0-speaker-systems/spk-33-5w-usb-powered. Published 04/22/2016 ).

When using the specified equipment, AWS 5 can use an Operating System, for example Windows 11.

To work with information coming from measuring sensors 37 and 63 in AWP 5, application software can be used, for example, “ZETLAB REGISTRATION Recording and Playback Tools” (https://zetlab.com/shop/aksessuaryi-i-optsii/sredstva -registratsii-i-vosproizvedeniya/. Published 06/3/2016), and “ZETLAB Virtual Laboratory “SCADA system ZETVIEW” (https://zetlab.com/product-category/programmnoe-obespechenie/scada-sistema-zetview/. Published 05/31 .2016).

The operation of the proposed System 1 consists in implementing a method for automated continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of remote objects.

A method for continuous, non-volatile, comprehensive monitoring of the condition of remote objects using a unified observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications, and allowing for continuous, non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detecting critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicating information about this to the relevant emergency services services via wired or wireless communication channels, includes:

selection of monitoring objects with large numbers of people and

selection of objects for monitoring the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, hazardous natural processes and phenomena;

placing a plurality of 2 sets of equipment, including sensors 37, of the first monitoring subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, designed for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing mechanical vibrations 19 of natural and man-made origin, at selected objects with large numbers of people;

placement of many 3 groups of measuring systems, including sensors 63, the second monitoring subsystem, designed to monitor the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, structures, hazardous natural processes and phenomena at selected sites;

measuring the values of input signals 19 and 42 of sensors 37 and 63, respectively, installed at the monitoring objects of the first and second subsystems;

transmission of measurement results via information channels from the first and second subsystems to a single data collection center 4;

calculation of controlled parameters for each of the controlled objects, characterizing the state of the controlled object;

identification of controlled parameters with critical values of object state parameters;

display in a visual form of monitoring information and the results of assessing the condition of each of the monitored objects;

creation of analytical risk zoning maps;

registration in the database 17 of the DATA-center 4 of the received information about the state of monitoring objects, analysis of incoming information about the state of monitoring objects;

interaction with emergency 13 and rescue 12 services based on the specified analysis and notification of the dangerous condition of the facility.

To implement the method, a plurality of 2 sets of equipment (MKOVM 2) of the first subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, designed for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people, are placed at selected objects of vibrometric monitoring. and transfer of measurement results to a single data collection center 4;

The second subsystem is placed, namely the monitoring subsystem, consisting of many 3 groups of measuring complexes (hereinafter referred to as IPCC 3), located at the monitoring objects indicated below in points (a) ÷ (e):

a) coastal fortifications, hereinafter referred to as BU;

b) landslide areas, then OU;

c) mudflow areas, then SS;

d) foundations, foundations of structures of newly constructed, reconstructed and located in the zone of influence of construction of structures, hereinafter referred to as PF;

e) retaining walls, then PS;

f) foundations of railways and highways, foundations of bridge structures, hereinafter referred to as AZD,

and transfer of measurement results to a single data collection center 4.

The inventive method is implemented through a multi-channel television measuring system containing both information channels and service ones. Moreover, through information channels, the DATA center 4 receives measurement results from sensors 37 and 63 located at various heterogeneous monitoring objects. In this case, each information output of the sensor 37 is allocated one information channel for transmitting measurement results through it, and each information output of the sensor 63 is allocated one information channel for transmitting measurement results through it. Through service channels, information is received in the direction of DATA-center 4 about the state of the equipment units of System 1 located at the monitoring objects, and in the direction from DATA-center 4 commands are received that control the operation of these units.

What follows is a more detailed implementation of the proposed method.

Measuring sections 21 of the first subsystem and measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem, software 4.8 of DATA center 4 and software of automated workplace 5 contain hardware and software processing tools for each controlled parameter of the physical environment of the monitoring object obtained as a result of the specified processing. Each mentioned processing means implements a corresponding algorithm for calculating the values of the controlled parameter. So, for example, based on the obtained measured data, the values of electrical quantities (voltage, current, resistance) are converted into values of deformation, displacement, temperature, pressure, vibration acceleration, etc., and preliminary processing of the measurement results is carried out (for example, filtering, averaging) to filter out random emissions of controlled parameter values caused by electromagnetic, mechanical and other random interference. The input data for the above-mentioned processing means can be both current measured values and previous values of the controlled parameter, the value of which is calculated by such processing means, as well as the values of other controlled parameters and the state values of the controlled object.

Next, software 4.8 of DATA center 4 and software ARM 5 analyze the obtained values of controlled parameters based on a given set of rules/criteria for assessing the state of individual controlled objects or the state of the controlled environment of a specific monitoring object. To do this, set an interval of values of the controlled parameters, the membership of which of the current value of the controlled parameter means that it goes beyond the permissible limits, i.e. critical values and, accordingly, the presence of a threat to the controlled object to lose the ability to fulfill its purpose. Within such an interval, intermediate values are set, with the help of which it is determined not only the presence of a threat for the controlled object to lose the ability to fulfill its purpose, but also the degree of such a threat. Boundary values of intervals and intermediate values within intervals are specified by threshold values. In this case, the gradations of the degree of threat that determine the number of threshold values of the controlled parameter within the interval may be different. For example:

0 - normal;

1 - critical;

2 - emergency.

In this case, the results of such analysis are registered in DB 17 and displayed on the monitors of both DATA center 4 and workstation 5 to inform their operators.

Based on the obtained quantitative data, analytical maps of zoning territories according to the degree of risk are created (analytical maps of risk zoning);

The passage of data containing the results of measurements of one or another parameter through information channels is shown in Fig. 18. All connections between blocks (lines with arrows) shown in this diagram are information connections; they show the passage of information through channels. The direction of the arrow shows the direction of information propagation.

Let's consider the passage of data through information channels (unidirectional arrows) from equipment containing MKOVM 2 to DATA center 4. The input of a specific channel is the sensitive element (primary transducer) of a specific seismic sensor 37 of the vibrometric sensor network 23 (VMSS 23). The parameter P _s1 , which is a vibration signal, arriving at the input of the channel, belongs to the set of 19 mechanical vibrations (P _s1 ∈ 19) and represents one of the vibration parameters: vibration acceleration or vibration velocity at the location of the seismic sensor 37. Moreover, the sensor 37 can be either analog or digital. In the first case, sensor 37 converts the mechanical parameter supplied to it into an electrical signal received at its output. In the second case, sensor 37 converts the mechanical parameter supplied to it into an electrical signal, and then, using the built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC), converts it into a digital code supplied to the output of sensor 37. Moreover, sensor 37 can be either single-component (single-channel) , and multicomponent, for example three-component (three-channel). In this case, the input of each channel of sensor 37 is the input of a separate information channel of a multi-channel television measuring system. The channel through which the controlled parameter Ps1 is transmitted to the DATA center 4 is shown in Fig. 18. From the output of sensor 37, the controlled parameter P _s1 is supplied to the input of block 22 for collecting and transmitting vibrometric information (SPVI 22). If the sensor 37 is analog, then the analog electrical signal received by the SPVI block 22 is converted using an ADC into a digital code A(P _s1 ), corresponding to the value of the monitored parameter P _s1 at the time of measurement. If the sensor 37 is digital, then the received digital code A(P _s1 ), as well as the digital code obtained from the analog signal, is packed by the SPVI unit 22 into an information package, which is registered and written in its internal memory. The information packet contains, in addition to the value A(P _s1 ), the channel index code, the current time stamp and other service information necessary for the correct operation of the data transmission equipment. In this case, the channel index code is the encoded address of the channel, by which the DATA center 4 determines which channel the value of the parameter A(P _s1 ) received by it belongs to. The current time stamp is necessary to synchronize all 4 channels received by the DATA center in time. The current time is supplied to the SPVI block 22 from the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9. The service information in the information packet includes the length of the packet and other data necessary to protect against errors when transmitting the information packet. The information package contains digital codes A, received at the current time from all sensors 37 of the VMSS 23 connected to the SPVI block 22. If the connection with the DATA center 4 has not been established previously, it is established, and the information packet is transmitted via the Internet network 7 to the DATA center 4 using a dedicated line 10, or using a radio channel 11 and a mobile telephone network 8, if the connection there is no dedicated line, as shown in Fig. 18 for a channel transmitting parameter P _s1 ∈ 19. Then, after a time equal to the ADC quantization step Δt, for example after 1.0 ms, the process described above is repeated. With the ADC quantization step Δt equal to 1.0 ms, the frequency range of the vibration signal transmitted to DATA center 4 via this channel is limited from above by frequency f ₌ 250 Hz, which in most cases is sufficient for full-fledged vibration monitoring.

Next, we will consider the passage of data through information channels from equipment containing IPCC 3 and located at the monitoring site, which is located in a remote area with undeveloped power supply and communication structures . In this case, a physical parameter controlled at the specified object, for example P _k1 , in particular, soil pressure, belonging to a set of physical parameters 42 (P _k1 ∈ 42), is input to the sensor 63, which is part of the sensor network 45 located at the specified object monitoring, and is measured by it (Fig. 18). The measurement of a physical parameter consists of converting the said parameter by the primary converter of the sensor (not shown in the diagram) into an electrical signal, followed by converting this electrical signal into a digital code using an analog-to-digital converter built into the sensor (not shown in the diagram). Next, the digital value A(P _k1 ) of the parameter P _k1 obtained in this way is supplied from the output of the sensor 63 through the measuring line 47 (unidirectional communication, Fig. 18) of the sensor network 45 to the data collection and transmission block 44 (DSPD), which is part of one of measuring sections (IS) 43 of the second subsystem of the measuring complex 41 (Fig. 8), located at the specified monitoring object. In this case, the BSPD 44 can be multi-channel if the sensor network 45 contains more than one sensor 63, therefore the graphic blocks of both the measuring line 47 and the BSPD 44 are shown in FIG. 18 unlimited left and right. In BSPD 44, the value A(P _k1 ) of the parameter P _k1 is digitally packaged into an information packet containing, in addition to the value A(P _k1 ), the channel index, the current time stamp and other service information necessary for the correct operation of the data transmission equipment. In this case, the channel index is the encoded address of the channel, by which the DATA center 4 determines which channel the value of the parameter A(P _k1 ) received by it belongs to. The current time stamp is necessary to synchronize all channels in time in the DATA center 4 and in the workstation 5. The current time is supplied to the BSPD 44 from the GPS/GLONASS navigation system 9. The service information may include the length of the packet and other data necessary to protect against errors during the transmission of the information packet. Sensor 63 may include multiple sensors. For example, a 63.7 sensor can include up to 20 sensors. In one measurement, such a sensor outputs up to 20 digital values into the measuring line 47, which are packaged in the one information package described above in the BSPD 44.

The information packet obtained in this way is transmitted by BSPD 44 via radio channel 16 to repeater 6.

Further, various transmission paths are possible depending on the location of the measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem:

Example 1. If the monitoring object is located in a hard-to-reach area, and the various measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem located on it are located in remote and hard-to-reach places and are spread across the territory over long distances, and there is no cellular coverage in these places, then BSPD 44 in In such measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem, BSPD 44_B is used. In this case, radio channel 16 operates using the LoRaWAN wireless protocol, which allows for a reception/transmission range of several kilometers. In this case, in the repeater 6, the information packet is received by the always-on base station 6.1 (Fig. 15). The specified base station 6.1 is powered from the injector 6.2, to the power input of which an AC network 15 is connected, from which the injector 6.2 and the base station 6.1 are powered. Moreover, between station 6.1 and DATA center 4 there is constant readiness for connection via the Internet network 7. When an information packet containing the measured value A(P _k1 ) of the monitored parameter is received by the base station 6.1, the specified connection is activated and the packet is transmitted to the DATA center 4. Physically this happens in the following way: the information packet through the injector 6.2 connected to the port of the base station 6.1 and then through its input-output it goes through a dedicated line 10 to the Internet network 7 and then to the DATA center 4.

Example 2. If the monitoring object is located in a hard-to-reach area, and the measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem located on it are located in places where there is no cellular coverage in areas remote from populated areas, but are geographically located/concentrated in one area, close to each other, then as BSPD 44 in such measuring sections 43 of the second subsystem uses BSPD 44_G (Fig. 12). The power supply of the units included in the BSPD 44_G is supplied from the power bus 50 connected to it. Thus, through the second connector 56.2, power is supplied to the measuring line 47 and then to the sensors 63 that are part of the sensor network 45, and through the first connector 56.1, power is supplied to the synchronization module 57 and to the interface converter 61. In addition, power is supplied from the power bus 50 is supplied through the combiner 62 to the transceiver 59. In this case, the digital value A(P _k1 ) of the parameter P _k1 is supplied from the output of the sensor 63 through the measuring line 47 of the sensor network 45, the second connector 56.2, the first connector 56.1 to the first input/output of the bidirectional converter 61 interface. In this case, the entire transmission cycle from sensor 8 to the input/output of interface converter 61 is physically a serial interface, for example CAN 2.0 (http://can.marathon.ru/system/files/upload/can2spec.pdf. Published 08/10/2014 ). Because the interface with which the transceiver 59 operates is made according to the Ethernet standard, then to work with it a bidirectional interface converter 61 is used, the second input/output of which is an Ethernet port and is connected through a combiner 62, which combines the information lines of the physical Ethernet interface with power lines, to transceiver Ethernet port 59.

In the transceiver 59, the received value A(P _k1 ) of the parameter P _k1 is digitally packaged in an information package, as indicated above, containing, in addition to the value A(P _k1 ), the channel index, the current time stamp and other service information necessary for the correct operation of the transmission equipment data. In this case, the current time stamp is supplied to the transceiver 59 from the synchronization module 57 connected to the first connector 56.1. Next, the generated information packet enters through the antenna 60 of the transceiver 59 into the radio channel 16. In this case, the radio channel 16 operates according to one of the Wi-Fi wireless protocol standards, which allows for a reception/transmission range of several hundred meters. In this case, in the repeater 6, the information packet is received by the always-on access point 6.3 using the antenna 6.4 of the repeater (Fig. 15). The specified access point 6.3 is powered from the router 6.5, to the power input of which is connected the AC network 15, from which both the router 6.5 and the access point 6.3 are powered. Moreover, between the access point 6.3 and the DATA center 4, there is a constant readiness for connection through the router 6.5 and the Internet network 7. When an information packet containing the measured value A(P _k1 ) of the monitored parameter is received by the access point 6.3, the specified connection is activated and the packet is transmitted to the DATA center 4. Physically this happens in the following way: the information packet through the access point 6.3 connected to the port and the router 6.5 and then through its input-output it goes through a dedicated line 10 to the Internet network 7 and then to the DATA center 4.

If the measuring section 43 of the second subsystem is installed, for example, at a monitoring site located near populated areas or in places where there is coverage of cellular operators, then in this case the physical parameter monitored at this site, for example, P _k2 , in particular, groundwater pressure , belonging to a set of physical parameters 42 (P _k2 ∈ 42), where k1 ≠ k2, is input to sensor 63, which is part of the sensor network 45 located at this monitoring object, and is measured by it. Next, the digital value A(P _k1 ) of the monitored parameter P _k2 comes from the output of the sensor 63 through the measuring line 47 of the sensor network 45 to the BSPD 44, which is part of the specified IC 43 of the second subsystem. In this case, BSPD_A (Fig. 9) or BSPD_B (Fig. 11) can be used as BSPD 44. When using BSPD_A, after receiving the digital value A(P _k1 ) of the monitored parameter P _k2 , if a connection with the DATA center 4 has not previously been established, such a connection is established through the mobile telephone network 8 and the information packet described above is generated containing the measured value A(P _k2 ) controlled parameter P _k2 . After establishing the specified connection, the BSPD 44 transmits the information packet via radio channel 11, the mobile telephone network 8 and the Internet network 7 to the DATA center 4. In this case, the power supply to the sensors 63 connected to the sensor network 45 is carried out from the power bus 50 via additional physical lines of the measuring line interface 47 (not shown in the diagram), and a serial interface, for example RS-485, can be used as a physical data transfer interface in the measuring line 47 (Fig. 9).

When used as a BSPD 44 BSPD_B (Fig. 11), a serial interface can be used in the measuring line 47, for example CAN 2.0 with additional physical lines (not shown in the diagram) to power the sensors 63 and the blocks that make up the BSPD_B. In this case, an information packet containing the measured value A(P _k2 ) of the monitored parameter P _k2 is supplied through the first connector 56.1 and the second connector 56.2 to the communication unit 54. If a connection has not previously been established between the communication unit 54 and the DATA center 4, such a connection is established through the mobile telephone network 8 (radio channel 11) and the information packet described above is generated, containing the measured value A(P _k2 ) of the monitored parameter P _k2 . After establishing the specified connection, the BSPD 44 transmits the information packet via radio channel 11, the mobile telephone network 8 and the Internet network 7 to the DATA center 4.

Information packets arriving at the DATA center 4 via information channels, both containing the values of the parameters P _k coming from sensors 37 and the values of parameters P _s coming from sensors 63, are unpacked and checked for errors by application software 4.8 (PPO 4.8 ) DATA-center 4. Next, the obtained measured values A(P _k ) of the monitored parameters P _k and the values A(P _s ) of the monitored parameters P _s are registered in database 17 (DB 17), located in server 4.1. In DB 17, each monitored parameter is allocated a memory field, organized in the form of a ring buffer 17 _k or 17 _s . The length of such a ring buffer is chosen such that the data is stored in it for the time specified for this parameter, for example 1 month. Such time for each parameter and for each monitoring object is set in the technical project for the development of System 1. The values of the parameters P _k and P _s registered in DB 17, from the outputs of ring buffers 17 _k and 17 _s , can be supplied to AWS 5 upon request for displaying them on the screens of block 5.2 monitors, analysis and, if necessary, further processing. Based on the received information, the workstation operator has the ability to timely inform using a mobile phone 5.9 or using an IP phone 5.8 operating through the global network 7 Internet with a cloud service 14 for IP telephony (Fig. 1), the duty dispatch services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations 12 (Fig. 1, Fig. 17) or the unified service 13 of the operational dispatch control (ESODU) about the potentially dangerous conditions identified and the identified or predicted dangerous natural processes and phenomena.

To control the equipment of MKOVM 2 and MGIC 3 during the operation of System 1, it is equipped with service channels. They are shown in the block diagram of Fig. 18 bidirectional connections at the bottom of the block diagram (below the “Network 7 Internet” block). These channels transmit control information and information about the status of devices. Control information is transmitted from software 4.8 DATA center 4 to devices in MKOVM 2 and in MGIC 3, made with the possibility of external control.

Information about the status of devices - service information, is transmitted from devices located in MKOVM 2 and in MGIC 3 to DATA-center 4. Control information is issued by software 4.8 of DATA-center 4 to one or another functional unit of MKOVM 2 or MGIC 3 for its remote reconfiguration , for testing, for calibration, for changing its operating mode, etc. (Fig. 18).

Example. It is possible to apply a test signal to a specific seismic sensor 37 and track its response to the specified test signal using data received by the DATA center 4 via the information channel to which the said sensor is connected. This feature allows PPO 4.8 to evaluate the operation of both such sensors and all equipment through which the information of this information channel passes, which allows technical personnel to quickly take measures to eliminate the incorrect operation of this equipment. Service information - information about the state of the functional units of MKOVM 2 or IPCC 3 is transmitted via service channels. Such information may be, for example, the temperature of the functional unit, the value of the supply voltage, the charge level of the battery installed in the uninterruptible power supply, the contents of the status register and the control register of the functional unit, etc.

Examples of service information:

- about the level of discharge of batteries of uninterruptible and backup power units. The purpose of transmitting the specified service information is the timely response of technical personnel servicing System 1 to dangerous conditions of backup power supplies;

- about a power failure. The purpose of transmitting the specified service information is the timely response of technical personnel servicing System 1 to malfunctions of power supplies and the switching of equipment power to power from backup sources;

- GPS signal about equipment geolocation. The purpose of transmitting the specified service information is to link the location of equipment sets to the monitoring map to generate accurate information and analysis about the nature of seismic activity in the region. The response is continuous monitoring, construction of seismic activity maps, analytics;

- state of alarm relay 35. The purpose of transmitting the specified service information is to record the moment the alarm is triggered at the monitoring site and the time the evacuation of people begins.

This allows you to quickly detect dangerous situations, for example in the provision of power to functional units. All status data is displayed on one of the monitors of the DATA center 4 and workstation 5. So, if one of the power supply sections 48.1 has the external AC network 15 turned off, then the monitor displays the indicated situation, in addition, the status of the battery 48.4 is also displayed there , providing this section with electricity. Such information will ensure that technical personnel respond at the right time, thereby ensuring the stable operation of System 1 at this monitoring site. To display information about the state of the equipment of System 1, received through service channels, one or more monitors of DATA center 4 and workstation 5 are allocated, which allows technical personnel to quickly respond to emergency situations in the equipment of MKOVM 2 or MGIK 3. Current values of state parameters are monitored by software AWP 5, and when these parameters reach critical values, in addition to the message on the monitor screen 5.2, a corresponding signal is issued to the acoustic system 5.10 AWP 5.

The recorder 30 in the SPVI block 22 MKOVM 2 (Fig. 4) is designed to analyze the parameters of seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, measured by the seismic sensors 37 connected to it, which are the inputs of the information channels MKOVM 2 of System 1.

The parameters for such analysis for a specific information channel are set by software 4.8 of DATA center 4 by transferring these parameters from DATA center 4 via service channels of System 1 to the control registers of the recorder 30. In addition to the specified parameters, data is written to the control registers from DATA center 4 via service channels service information that controls the operation of the functional units of the SPVI block 22. For example, such operating parameters of the SPVI block 22 as: critical vibration values (Ak), quantization step of the ADC of seismic sensors, if they are digital 37, if they are analog, then the quantization step of the ADC of the recorder 30 and other necessary parameters.

These ADCs provide conversion of an analog signal into a digital 24-bit binary code, which allows working with seismic signals with a dynamic range of up to 120 dB and a frequency range of up to 1 kHz, i.e. with signals ranging from natural noise to noise of the highest possible intensity.

The analysis of the signals coming from the sensors 37 consists of comparing their values with the given critical vibration values A _k stored in the control registers of the recorder 30. Moreover, if the amplitudes of the signals coming from the seismic sensors 37 exceed A _k , the recorder 30 generates at its second input/output signal supplied to the control input of alarm relay 35 (Fig. 4). In this case, the alarm relay 35 is turned on, and the supply voltage supplied to its power input from the power line 29 is supplied to its power output and then to the input of the group 25 of alarm blocks, and each alarm block 36 included in the group 25 begins to generate sound alarm signals 26 .

In this way, people located there are notified of the dangerous state of the object. At the same time, the recorder 30 transmits to the DATA center 4 with the next information packet information about the activation of the alarm relay, which initiates the service to take appropriate actions, for example, informing the Ministry of Emergency Situations 12 and emergency services 13 (Fig. 1). After all necessary procedures have been completed, the alarm signal is turned off by a command from DATA center 4 transmitted via service channels.

Industrial applicability

The claimed automated system of continuous, non-volatile, integrated monitoring and method of continuous, non-volatile, complex monitoring will be used to monitor the condition of remote objects, mainly in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications.

Integration of heterogeneous monitoring objects into one System ensures complexity, which makes it possible to cover groups of heterogeneous objects with monitoring, consolidate computing resources and data storage facilities, which in turn allows for more efficient use of technical means.

In addition, continuous, non-volatile monitoring allows you to quickly identify cases of dangerous conditions of objects located in remote and hard-to-reach territories, and timely take measures to prevent emergency situations, notifying the duty dispatch services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or the Unified Operational Dispatch Service (USODU) about potential detected hazardous natural processes and phenomena.

Information sources .

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2. RF Patent No. 2365895 Method for remote monitoring and diagnostics of the condition of structures and foundations of mainly engineering structures (Application: 2008108720; IPC G01M 19/00. Published: 08/27/2009).

3. RF Patent 2472129 System for monitoring the safe operation of buildings and engineering structures (Application: 2011128276; MPKG01M 7/00. Published: 01/10/2013).

4. RF Patent No. 2496124 System for high-precision monitoring of displacements of engineering structures (Application: 2012135030; IPC G01S 19/42; G01S 5/14. Published: 10/20/2013).

5. RF Patent No. 2546056 Method for organizing continuous seismometric monitoring of engineering structures and a device for its implementation (Application: 2013127923; MPKG01M 7/00. Published: 04/10/2015).

6. RF Patent No. 2576548 Method for monitoring the condition of a building or engineering structure and a device for its implementation (Application: 2014131881; MPKG01B 7/16; G01M 7/00. Published: 03/10/2016).

7. RF Patent No. 2654830 Digital engineering seismometric station with a system for monitoring the technical condition of buildings or structures (Application: 2017122139; IPC G01V 1/24. Published: 05/22/2018).

8. RF Patent No. 2655462 Seismic device for measuring dynamic impacts when monitoring the technical condition of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures (Application: 2017122141; IPC G01V 1/16, G01V 1/18, G01V 1/24, G01M 7/00. Published: 28.05 .2018 ).

9. RF Patent No. 2296421 System for automated monitoring of the state of potentially dangerous objects of the Russian Federation in the interests of ensuring protection against man-made, natural and terrorist threats (Application: 2005119338; IPC H04B 7/185. Published: 03/27/2007).

10. RF Patent No. 2761052 Method for seismic monitoring of the process of development of oil and gas condensate fields in the North of the Russian Federation (application 2021108626; IPC G01V 1/00, G01V 1/38, G01V 1/22. Published 12/02/2021).

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12. System for monitoring engineering structures (SMIK) (Developed by LLC Electronic Technologies and Metrological Systems (ZETLAB company), Moscow, Zelenograd. Source https://zetlab.com/produkciya/sistemy-pod-kluch/sistema-monitoringa -inzhenernyih-konstruktsiy-smik/. Published 08/27/2016.

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Claims (35)

1. Automated multi-channel system for continuous energy-independent integrated monitoring of the condition of remote objects, designed in the form of an integrated observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical power. electronic communication, by combining information flows in a single data collection center, and allowing for continuous non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detecting critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicating information about this to the relevant services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations via wired or wireless communication channels, consists of measuring instruments connected via information and service channels to a single center for collecting, recording and issuing monitoring data, while the system consists of a set of subsystems for the corresponding types of measurement and includes: the first subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, consisting of many sets of equipment for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people, and transmitting measurement results via information channels to a single data collection center; the second subsystem, namely the subsystem for monitoring the state of the infrastructure of engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, consisting of many groups of three measuring systems located at monitoring sites and intended for measurement, registration and processing physical parameters of the current state of monitoring objects, such as infrastructure for engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena, and transfer of measurement results via information channels to a single data collection center; in this case, a single center for collecting, registering and issuing data (DATA center) is connected to the Internet and contains a database for storing the specified data, and the DATA center is located in a populated area provided with a stable power supply using an alternating current network and the presence of dedicated network lines Internet; automated workstations connected to the Internet; as well as a repeater to enable bidirectional transmission of data streams, including information and service channels, between the second subsystem and the DATA center using the Internet; Moreover, through information channels, measurement results are transferred from the first subsystem and from the second subsystem to the database, and through service channels, both control information is transferred from the DATA center to the first subsystem and to the second subsystem, and status information is transferred to the DATA center equipment of the first subsystem and equipment of the second subsystem; Moreover, to enable continuous operation of information and service channels, the first monitoring subsystem is connected to the global Internet both using leased lines (10) and through a mobile telephone network; Moreover, to enable continuous energy-independent operation of objects of the second subsystem located in hard-to-reach areas with undeveloped energy supply structures, their power is supplied from solar photovoltaic modules used in conjunction with batteries; Moreover, to enable continuous energy-independent operation of information and service channels in hard-to-reach areas with undeveloped power supply and communication structures, the second monitoring subsystem is connected to the DATA center both through a mobile telephone network and through a repeater, which in turn are connected to the Internet; at the same time, the automated workstations are designed with the ability to continuously receive, in real time, from the DATA center database via the global Internet, measurement results received from the equipment of the first and second subsystems and stored in the DATA center database, and subsequent automated processing of these results, including determining the states of controlled parameters by comparing them with threshold values and determining the states of controlled objects based on the selection of a dangerous state of the corresponding controlled parameters, their visualization, detection of critical values of the controlled parameter of these objects and prompt delivery of the received information to the relevant services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations via wired or wireless communication channels ; in this case, automated workstations are located in a populated area provided with a stable power supply using an alternating current network, stable mobile communications through a mobile telephone network and the presence of dedicated Internet lines. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first subsystem - the seismic monitoring subsystem, contains sensors for measuring vibrations of the object, and/or measurement sensors as devices for measuring vibrometric signals of natural and man-made origin, located at objects with large numbers of people accelerations of object oscillations, and/or sensors for measuring the speed of object oscillations, and/or sensors for measuring the amplitudes of object oscillations, Moreover, all of the above sensors are included in the sets of vibration monitoring equipment in accordance with the functional purpose of the sensors. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second subsystem - the subsystem for monitoring the state of the infrastructure of engineering protection of the territory, landslides and mudflows, hazardous natural processes and phenomena contains sensors for measuring slopes, and/or sensors for measuring deflections, and/or sensors stress measurements, and/or load measurement sensors, and/or sensors for measuring absolute and uneven settlement, and/or sensors for monitoring cracks, joints and seams, and/or pressure sensors, including for monitoring the pressure of an object on the ground and/or pressure soil to the object, and/or sensors for measuring deformations, and/or sensors for measuring temperature, and/or sensors for measuring humidity, in this case, all of the above sensors are included in groups of measuring systems in accordance with the functional purpose of the sensors; in this case, the second subsystem is a set of six groups of measuring complexes (GMC), made in the form of an observation network of measuring instruments located on many heterogeneous objects of the territory; Moreover, each group of measuring systems is designed to monitor a certain type of objects. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second monitoring subsystems, the DATA center and automated workstations include uninterruptible power supplies that ensure continuous operation of the system and its energy independence due to the batteries included in the specified uninterruptible power supplies batteries 5. A method for automated continuous energy-independent integrated monitoring of the condition of remote objects using a unified observation network of measuring instruments located at many heterogeneous objects, including those located in remote and hard-to-reach areas with low energy supply and/or with unstable or absent electrical/electronic communications, by combining information flows in a single data collection center, and allowing for continuous non-volatile monitoring of the state of all objects of the specified set, detecting critical values of the states of these objects and promptly communicating information about this to the relevant emergency services via wired or wireless communication channels, including: selection of monitoring objects with large numbers of people and objects for monitoring the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslides and mudflows, roads and railways, hazardous natural processes and phenomena; placement of multiple sets of equipment, including sensors, of the first monitoring subsystem, namely the vibrometric monitoring subsystem, designed for measuring, recording, processing and analyzing seismic signals of natural and man-made origin, at selected objects with large numbers of people; placement of multiple groups of measuring systems, including sensors, a second monitoring subsystem designed to monitor the state of the territory's engineering protection infrastructure, landslide and mudflow areas, roads and railways, structures, hazardous natural processes and phenomena at selected sites; measuring the values of input signals of sensors installed at the monitoring objects of the first and second subsystems; transmission of measurement results via information channels from the first and second subsystems to a single data collection center; calculation of controlled parameters for each of the controlled objects, characterizing the state of the controlled object, identification of controlled parameters with critical values of object state parameters; display in a visual form of monitoring information and the results of assessing the condition of each of the monitored objects; creation of analytical risk zoning maps; registration of received information about the state of monitoring objects in the DATA center database, analysis of incoming information about the state of monitoring objects; interaction with emergency and rescue services based on the specified analysis and notification of the dangerous condition of the facility. 6. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that automated workstations receive in real time from the DATA center database via the global Internet the measurement results received from the equipment of the first and second subsystems and stored in the DATA center database with subsequent automated processing of these results, including determining the states of controlled parameters by comparing them with threshold values and determining the states of controlled objects based on the selection of a dangerous state of the corresponding controlled parameters, their visualization, detection of critical values of the controlled parameter of these objects and prompt delivery of the received information to the relevant services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations via wired or wireless communication channels. 7. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that the transmission of information through information and service channels occurs in real time. 8. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that the continuous operation of the system and its energy independence are ensured by the uninterruptible power supply units included in the first and second monitoring subsystems, the DATA center and automated workstations, containing rechargeable batteries, and the values of the degree of discharge of the rechargeable batteries uninterruptible power supply units included in the first and second monitoring subsystems are transmitted via service channels to the DATA center and automated workstations, where the indicated values and values of the degree of discharge of the batteries included in the DATA center and automated workstations are analyzed for preventing their discharge to unacceptable values.