RU2819807C1 - Method for separating non-through cylindrical part removed from product and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: kitchen utensils.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to methods and devices for non-through removal of parts from products, primarily from fruits such as apples, pears, as well as from other fruits and vegetables. The method of separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product is that a ring knife of a fruit core remover is inserted into the product to an incomplete depth, placed on a cylindrical holder with a handle, which has a sectional shape of part of a circular arc, while the cutting edge of the ring knife forms in the product there is a cylindrical slot, inside of which there is a cylindrical part of the product intended for removal, after which a longitudinal element of a device is inserted into the cylindrical part for separating a non-through cylindrical part to be removed from the product, containing a handle with a longitudinal element made in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, then the core remover is rotated together with the strip, separating the cylindrical part from the rest of the product, after which the annular knife of the core remover with the removed cylindrical part and the strip located in it is removed from the product, and the maximum transverse dimension of the device handle is greater than the width of the strip. The cutting edge of the strip is made with double-sided sharpening, on the longitudinal edge of the strip from the end there is a bevel without sharpening, and the working part of the strip has the following parameters: width 7-13 mm, length 75-110 mm, thickness 0.7-3 mm, and said strip is made independent from the core remover and is inserted into the removed cylindrical part at an angle relative to the axis of the ring knife so that the cutting edge of the strip is directed to the inner surface of the ring knife between its cutting edge and the surface adjacent to the holder, while the strip located in a zone from minus 5 mm to plus 5 mm on both sides of the axis of the ring knife and at an angle from minus 5° up to plus 5° relative to an axis located in the plane of the strip perpendicular to the length of the strip.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency and stability of the separation and subsequent removal of any large part of the fruit at any depth from any fruit of any density.

7 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to kitchen utensils, namely to methods and devices for non-through removal of parts from products, primarily from fruits such as apples, pears, as well as from other fruits and vegetables.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

There is known (patent US 4596073A, A47J 25/00, publication 06/24/1986) a method for removing a non-through part of a cylindrical shape from a product, which consists in inserting a ring knife into the fruit (product), placed on a tubular holder with a sectional shape of part of an arc circles. A core separator with longitudinal elements designed to insert their pointed ends into the upper part of the fruit can move along the holder. The separator cannot rotate relative to the axis of the ring knife and holder. After inserting the annular knife to the required depth, the separator is moved to the cylindrical part of the fruit to be removed until the longitudinal elements are completely immersed in its upper part, then the annular knife is rotated together with the separator, which leads to the separation of the cylindrical part of the fruit, which is removed together with the device from the fruit.

The method of removing part of the core of fruits (products) can only be implemented using a specialized device. For its implementation, apple coring knives, widely available on the international market, cannot be used. In accordance with the known method for separating the core of the fruit, the longitudinal elements of the separator are introduced into its upper part. This cannot always ensure the separation of the entire required central part at the required depth from the rest of the fruit if it has a loose structure, for example, such as loose apples or cucumbers, zucchini, etc.

As a prototype, a method has been adopted for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product, which consists in inserting into the product at not its full depth an annular knife of a fruit core separator formed by the cutting edge of a hollow tube, while the cutting edge of the annular knife forms a cylindrical slot in the product, inside which a cylindrical part of the product intended for removal is placed, after which a movable longitudinal element in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, mounted in the separator with the possibility of axial movement, is inserted into the cylindrical part in the plane of the axial section of the ring knife, then the core separator is rotated together with the strip, by separating the cylindrical part from the rest of the product, after which the ring knife with the removed cylindrical part and the strip located in it is removed from the product (patent GB 2488597, A47J 25/00, publication 09/05/2012).

To implement the method, a specialized separator is used (hereinafter referred to as the Device), consisting of a tube with a cutting edge at the end, inside of which there is a built-in movable strip with a cutting edge at the end and with the ability to move it along the axis along the tube.

The method can only be implemented when using a specialized Device. For its implementation, apple coring knives, widely available on the international market, cannot be used.

To effectively implement the method, the strip must be located in the axial section, as shown in the figures of patent GB 2488597. When the strip is shifted away from the axial section, the conditions for turning the cylindrical part to separate it from the fruit worsen.

Since the strip is located in the axial section of the tube and parallel to its axis, in order to have a reliable and sufficient impact on the core being rotated for separation, it must have a sufficiently large width. This increases the cross-section of the strip, and, consequently, the cutting effort and its insertion into the fruit. The use of a wide strip also leads to destruction of the core being removed.

When implementing the method, the device used for its implementation is difficult and inconvenient to reuse; this requires long-term preparation, which is very inconvenient when working with several fruits, and even more so when there are a large number of them. This is due to the need to free the tube for reuse of the Device, and the difficulty of removing the separated and removed fruit core from the tube. Pushing the core removed from the fruit through a tube or a ring knife formed by holes is problematic due to the high friction forces of the core against the walls of the tube. Even when making longitudinal holes in the tube, the strip with a cutting edge at its end will cut the core, and not push it out of the tube, since the expanded core in the windows will greatly impede its longitudinal movement. It is no less difficult to remove the removed core through the windows in the tube, since the dimensions of the core are much larger than the dimensions of the windows, and part of the core is not opposite the windows and is clamped by the tube. In this case, the removed core or other removed cylindrical part of the fruit will be destroyed and cannot be used, for example, to decorate dishes with cylindrical elements from the products.

When removing the core of products, the formation of a large amount of juice is inevitable, which will contaminate the Device, getting into a large number of grooves and gaps between its moving parts. This requires additional operations and time, as well as costs for cleaning the Device after use.

To implement the known method, the strip built into the Device cannot be used separately from it in order to expand the scope of application of the Device for removing part of the products when used with a fruit core remover widely used on the market, consisting of a ring knife with an end cutting edge connected to a handle by a cylindrical holder (hereinafter referred to as the Special Knife, US patent D922160, LOC (13) CL. 07-06, U.S. CL. USPC D7/693, D7/696, published 06/15/2021). The strip of the Device, being removed from it, will not be able to be inserted into the removed core along the axis and/or center of the ring knife due to the large width of the strip, as well as the design and dimensions of the Special Knife or the Device itself. At an angle, the strip also cannot be inserted into a cylindrical slot made by a ring knife in the product without the risk of going beyond this slot due to the fact that the strip must be of sufficient width to ensure the functionality of the Device. If the end of a strip with a one-sided sharpening or a serrated cutting edge hits the inner surface of the ring knife or the holder of the ring knife of the Special Knife, significant efforts will occur to insert the strip into the fruit or even jam it. The strip removed from the Device will also not be able to be used to conveniently remove the core from the Device itself through windows for the reasons stated above.

The one-sided sharpening of the prototype strip will contribute to a strong withdrawal of the strip when it is inserted into the fruit outside the structure of the Device.

There are known devices for separating part of the fruit - pressed pu-erh tea, containing a handle with a longitudinal element in which a rod is rigidly fixed, which has a cylindrical shape at the handle, and the end of which is made of a flat wedge-shaped - Internet sources:

https://drakonchai.ru/news/chaynaya_posuda_instrumenty_i_aksessuary/instrument-dlya-kolki-puera-kak-polzovatsya-nozhom-dlya-puera5001/

https://www.listvoda.ru/teathingspreorder/tproduct/211312813-209855390229-nozh-dlya-puera-bolshoi

https://teaworkshop.ru/product/shilo-nozh-dlja-pujera-17-sm-ploskoe-lezvie

Known devices are designed to separate the required amount of tea. To do this, insert a wedge-shaped tip into the layer of pressed tea, turn it and pull the handle up.

Known devices cannot be used for independent separation and subsequent removal of parts from products/fruits, as well as for separation and removal from fruits of the cylindrical part that forms in the fruits after they are cut through with a ring knife, which is widely used on the market. US patent D922160).

In known devices, the sharpening of the longitudinal element is carried out without leads, only in the form of long descents, which are made along the entire length of the longitudinal element, which has a large thickness at the handle. The large thickness of the longitudinal element creates a large resistance force for inserting the longitudinal element into the fruit. The introduction of a thickened longitudinal element into the removed cylindrical part of the fruit will lead to destruction and jamming of its upper part, which will worsen or make it impossible to separate or remove this part. The narrowed V-shaped end of the tool worsens the conditions for separating the removed part of the fruit and the formation of a flat end of a cylindrical recess in the fruit when separating the cylindrical part removed from it. For these reasons, the known device cannot be used to separate and remove parts from fruits.

As a prototype, a fruit core separator was selected in the form of a handle and a strip with a sharpened end, which is mounted with the possibility of axial movement in a special Device (patent GB 2488597, A47J 25/00, publication 09/05/2012).

The disadvantages of the prototype design appear when implementing the method for which it is intended, they are described in detail above, and they are listed below:

1. Possibility of using the band only with the Device.

2. Due to the location along the axis of the Device, it is necessary to use a strip of greater width, which increases the force of inserting it into the fruit.

3. It is inconvenient to reuse the separator due to the difficulty of removing the separated and removed core from the tube from the fruit.

4. Destruction of the removed core.

5. Additional time and money spent on cleaning the Device from fruit juice due to the large number of grooves and gaps in it.

6. Impossibility of autonomous (independent) use of the separator strip and great effort when inserting it at an angle.

7. The strip is withdrawn when inserted into the fruit due to the one-sided sharpening of the strip.

The proposed technical solution is intended for use in conjunction with the well-known Special Knife (US patent D922160). This knife is designed for through removal of its part from apples - the cylindrical core formed in the apple by cutting it out with a ring knife (cutter). The knife does not allow removing only part of the core from apples and therefore cannot be used, for example, for stuffing fruits. When baking fruits, juice will leak out of the through hole, which will reduce the juiciness of apples and other products and can lead to burning of the juice.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The objective is to create a simple and convenient method and device for separating non-through cylindrical parts from fruits.

The technical result achieved as a result of using the proposed technical solution is to increase the convenience, efficiency and stability of the separation and subsequent removal of any large part of the fruit at any depth from any fruit of any density, as well as the convenience of preparing the device for subsequent use after removing the next part of the fruit.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from the product, which consists in inserting into the product at not its full depth an annular knife of a fruit core remover, placed on a tubular holder with a handle, which in cross-section has the shape of a part of an arc circle, while the cutting edge of the ring knife forms a cylindrical slot in the product, inside which a cylindrical part of the product intended for removal is placed, after which a longitudinal element in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end is inserted into the cylindrical part, then the core remover is rotated along with the strip, by separating the cylindrical part from the rest of the product, after which the ring knife of the core remover with the removed cylindrical part and the strip located in it is removed from the product, according to the proposed technical solution, a strip is inserted into the removed cylindrical part, autonomous from the core remover, made with a double-sided sharpening of the end , wherein the strip is inserted into the cylindrical part at an angle relative to the axis of the ring knife in the plane of the strip itself so that the cutting edge of the strip is directed to the inner surface of the ring knife between its cutting edge and the surface adjacent to the holder, and the width of this surface does not exceed the prevailing width of the holder along its length, while the strip is placed in a zone from minus 5 mm to plus 5 mm on both sides of the axis of the ring knife and at an angle from minus 5° to plus 5° relative to the axis located in the plane of the strip perpendicular to the length of the strip.

In addition, the removal of the cylindrical part from the ring knife is carried out in the direction of the core separator handle by affecting the cylindrical part with the side or end part of the strip.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in a device for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product, containing a handle with a longitudinal element made in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, and the maximum transverse dimension of the handle is greater than the width of the strip, according to the proposed technical solution, the cutting edge is made with double-sided sharpening, in addition, at least one protrusion is made on at least one of the side sides of the strip, the surface of which rises above the side surface of the strip for interaction of the working surface of the protrusion, located on the side of the handle, with the removed part of the product , wherein at least one of the protrusions is placed in such a way that its working surface is located in zone L, equal to 18 mm and defining the distance from the extreme point of the end of the strip to the extreme point of the working surface of the protrusion.

In addition, this device:

– on the longitudinal edge of the strip from the end side there is a bevel without sharpening;

– at least the surface of one of the projections is located on the edge of the strip or extends onto the edge;

– at least part of the surface of the handle from the edge of the strip has a concave or flat shape to allow it to be pressed against the handles of other devices;

– at least one of the edges of the strip is sharpened on both sides;

– the surface of the edge of the strip and the surface of the handle adjacent to it are located at the same level;

– at least 50% of the end of the strip is located at an angle of 70-88° relative to the working edge of the strip.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in a device for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product, containing a handle with a longitudinal element made in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, and the maximum transverse dimension of the handle is greater than the width of the strip, according to the proposed technical solution, the cutting edge is made with double-sided sharpening, in addition, on the longitudinal edge of the strip from the end side there is a bevel without sharpening, and the working part of the strip has the following parameters: width 7-13 mm, length 75-110 mm, thickness 0.7-3 mm.

In addition, this device:

– at least part of the surface of the handle from the edge of the strip has a concave or flat shape to allow it to be pressed against the handles of other devices;

– at least one of the edges of the strip is sharpened on both sides;

– the surface of the edge of the strip and the surface of the handle adjacent to it are located at the same level;

– at least 50% of the end of the strip is located at an angle of 70-88° relative to the working edge of the strip.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

In fig. 1 shows a general view of the proposed device with a straight strip; in fig. 2 – device with a strip with a bend in the plane of the strip; in fig. 3 – device with a strip made with a bend in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the strip and a wavy protrusion on the strip at the end of the strip; in fig. 4 – end part of the strip with triangular protrusions on both edges of the strip and with an inclined end; in fig. 5 – end part of the strip with one triangular protrusion and a chamfer at the end; in fig. 6—end part of the strip with one triangular protrusion, a perpendicular end and longitudinal sharpenings on the edges of the strip; in fig. 7a – end part of the strip with rectangular protrusions and a straight bevel of the edge; in fig. 7b – examples of making bevels; in fig. 8 – strip with a longitudinal notch; in fig. 9 – options for making protrusions on the side surface of the strip; in fig. 10a – illustration of the principle of using the proposed device; in fig. 10b – options for the location of the strip relative to the knife for removing the core of apples; in fig. 11 – device with broken and curved stripes; in fig. 12 – cross-section of the handles of the device and the knife for removing the core of apples; in fig. 13 – section of the end part of the strip with sharpening.

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION

A description of the implementation of a method for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product and a device for its implementation is given using the example of extracting part of the core from an apple (hereinafter referred to as an apple or fruit). Instead of the term “device” the text uses the term “separator”.

The separator consists of a strip 1, rigidly fixed in the handle 2 (Fig. 1, separator S1). Position 1 in the figures simultaneously points to the side surface (side) of the strip.

To facilitate the insertion of strip 1 into the fruit, it has a double-sided sharpening 3 (Fig. 1-11) at the end of the strip, which forms its cutting sharp edge (hereinafter referred to as RK or end or end, i.e. the end of the strip). All strips shown in Fig. have a cutting edge RK at the end of the strip. 1-11, its designation is given in Fig.  1, 2, 13. The longitudinal end sides (surfaces or edges) of the strip are designated by positions 4 and 5, hereinafter referred to as edges.

For strip 1, a conventional industrially produced metal strip or tape (sheet) of the required thickness with specified characteristics of finished dimensions is used, or from which strip 1 with the required parameters is made by any method - stamping, cutting, laser cutting, etc. The entire strip or separator together with the handle can be made of steel or any other material that allows contact with food products, for example, plastic, ceramics, etc., using any technology - by rolling, forging, extrusion, stamping, casting, machining, on a 3-D printer , etc.

The proposed separator S1 - S6 (Fig. 1-3, 10 - 11) is intended for use together with the usual well-known and widespread Special Knife K (Fig. 10a - 11; US patent D922160) for through removal of part 6 of the cylindrical core (hereinafter referred to as text – part 6) from an apple (fruit) 7.

This Special Knife K contains a handle 8, in which a longitudinal holder 9 of cylindrical cross-section with a ring knife (cutter) 10 at the end is rigidly fixed. The ring knife 10 (hereinafter referred to as the ring knife or KN) is a hollow cylinder (closed or open - with a gap - cylindrical surface of rotation - Fig. 10a - 11) or part of its surface, including the length of the arc in the cross section of the cylindrical surface equal to or greater than the length of the arc (i.e., width) of the holder 9. The outer end cutting edge R of the ring knife 10 can have any design - one-sided sharpening 11 (Fig. 10a - 11) or double-sided (not shown) sharpening type 3 (Fig. 1, 13) or serrated - in the form of notches (cutting teeth), located on the end edge R and forming an annular cutter (not shown). The cylindrical holder 9 has, for the most part or along the entire length, a radius of curvature similar to the radius of the ring knife 10.

The holder 9 can be made by making a longitudinal cut in the tube from which the ring knife 10 and the holder 9 itself are made. This option is shown in FIG. 10a - 11. The ring knife 10 with the holder 9 can also be made by bending a special pattern from a metal strip. In this case, in the cylindrical surface of KN 10 there is a longitudinal joint or gap above the holder 9 along the axis of its symmetry, ranging in size from 1-2 mm, as in most Special Knives K available on the market. When manufactured by casting from metal, plastic or making a ceramic holder 9 with KN 10, the ring knife 10 can be solid, that is, without a joint or gap.

The special knife K can also be made without a ring knife 10. The cutting edge of the cylindrical surface, which plays the role of KN 10, in this case is the entire end and longitudinal side surfaces of the holder 9 (not shown).

When using the Special Knife K and separators S1-S6 together, the working position of the separators S1-S6 and their strips in relation to the Special Knife K is the position in which the point (angle) E that is furthest from handle 2 or the entire RK of the strip of separators S1-S6 lies in the plane of the cutting edge R of the ring knife 10 (or with a slight deviation from it due to the error in inserting the strip; in this case, the RK does not go beyond the plane of the cutting edge R), inserted into the fruit to the required depth for the non-through removal of part 6 of the fruit 7 - FIG. 10a – 11. Handles 2 and 8 are securely pressed against each other completely (Fig. 10a) or by contacting surfaces in section C (Fig. 11) so that they together can be conveniently simultaneously rotated relative to the Q axis (Fig. 10a) . The Q axis is simultaneously the axis of the KH 10 and the detachable cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7.

The specified working position of the separators S1-S6 will correspond to the introduction of their strips into the fruit 7 to the working depth.

In the working position, a strip of any configuration and at any location should not extend beyond the boundaries of the removed cylindrical part 6. Regardless of the design and use of the separator, any arrangement of the strip in the working position means any of its orientation, for example, relative to the Q axis, that is, any rotation of the strip relative to this axis, or its tilt at an angle φ (or its absence) relative to the Q axis for any combination thereof. For example, the strip may be oriented in the plane of the design, as in FIG. 10a, or perpendicular to it (in a plane parallel to the side surfaces of the handle 2', Fig. 10a), or have a different location depending on the Special Knife K used in conjunction with the separator or the operating methods.

For the separator to work effectively, strip 1 (or, for example, its working edge 4 - Fig. 10a) must be located in the working position obliquely - at an angle φ relative to the Q axis of the ring knife 10 and the part 6 removed from the fruit; it is possible for strip 1 to intersect larger section of this part 6.

Further in the text, the terms “obliquely” or “at an angle” in relation to a strip mean the location of the inclined strip (or its projection onto the plane of the figure, for example, the figure in Fig. 10a) at an angle φ relative to the Q axis (or its same, as indicated, projections) with tilting (rotating) the strip in the plane of the strip itself, such as, for example, strip 1 in FIG. 10a.

The strips of separators S5 and S6 (Fig. 11) cross most of the cross-section of the removed part 6 in any position due to their curvilinear shape.

Handle 2 can have an anatomical shape (Fig. 1, 2, 11) or a symmetrical cross-section, which is convenient for right-handers and left-handers (separator S3, Fig. 3, separator S4, Fig. 10a). The separator may have a handle 2 with wider lateral surfaces, which are located predominantly parallel to the plane of the strip or part thereof (that is, in its direction) - separator S1, Fig. 1. Position 2 in Fig. 1-3 indicates the side surface of the handle. The wider lateral surfaces 2' can be positioned perpendicular to strip 1 – separator S4, Fig. 10a. The side surfaces 2' in FIG. 10a are located perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, one of these wider side surfaces 2' of the handle 2 is pressed against the handle 8, the surface of which, in contact with the surface 2', in this case can also be flat. Position 2 in Fig. 10a indicates a narrower handle surface perpendicular to the wider surfaces 2'. Handle 2 can be of constant width (Fig. 3, 10a), have a triangular cross-section or tapering towards the top (Fig. 12) or any other.

Handle 2 can be cast, inlaid, mounted, applied, plastic, wooden, or can be metal - it is a continuation of the strip and at the same time be flat or voluminous.

To improve the pressing conditions and to increase the area of contact of the handles 2, 8 to each other (for their joint rotation), the handle 2 can be equipped with a front stop 12 from the side of the strip 1 (Fig. 1). The stop 12 is also used to press on it with your fingers in order to improve (facilitate) the conditions for inserting strip 1 into the fetus.

For convenient insertion of the strip of separators S1-S6 into the fruit 7, the end of the handle 2 can also be equipped with an end stop P (Fig. 11).

Strip 1 can be made with a bend 13 at an angle α in the plane of the strip (separator S2, Fig. 2) or at an angle β (item 14, Fig. 3) to the plane of strip 1 - in a plane perpendicular to the side surface of handle 2 or inclined to her (not shown).

To extract from the ring knife 10 the part of the core 6 separated and removed from the apple 7 (Fig. 10a), local protrusions 15-25 are made on the side surface of the strip 1 in its lower part from the side of its end (end with sharpening 3), the surface of which extends beyond the plane (rises above the plane) of the side surfaces of the strip 1 (Fig. 1-11), and which interact with the part (core) 6 removed from the CN 10.

The protrusion of the separator strip can be made in the form of a bend, a bend, a bend, a local thickening, a peening, a tide, a rivet, an overflow, and can have any other design in which the surface of the protrusion extends beyond the plane of the separator strip. The protrusion can be made by bending a fragment of the strip, bending (bending) the entire strip or its fragment, stamping, welding, sticking, soldering, winding and any other method.

The projections can be made with a projection beyond the edges 4, 5 (Fig. 4) or without such a projection - with a recess beyond these edges or lie in the plane of the edges.

Some of the possible and tested projections are shown in FIG. 1-11. The protrusions can be in the form of triangular bends (items 15-16'', figs. 1, 4-6, 8, 10, 11) or rectangular (items 17, 18, figs 2, 7). They can be obtained by stamping - cutting the strip (item 19 for projections 15 and 16'' - Fig. 4, item 20 for projections 17 and 18 - Fig. 7a) with a flexible one in one operation. Or the protrusions 15-18 can be bent after laser cutting of the strip blank with slots 19 and 20 for the corresponding protrusions. The protrusions can be cylindrical or another shape, made in the middle part of the strip (without extending to the edges 4, 5) by cutting and bending (item 21, Fig. 9) or drawing on a press (item 22). The protrusion can be in the form of a wavy bend of the strip. Such a wave-like bend can be one-sided (item 23, Fig. 3) or double-sided - in Fig. 9, position 24 on the surface (in the plane) of edge 4 schematically shows the shape of a possible wavy double-sided bend of the strip 1. Wavy bends can be made across the entire width of the strip (like protrusion 23 in Fig. 3) or along part of it, for example, like protrusion 25, fig. 9.

There can be one protrusion (pos. 15, Fig. 5, 6, 8 or pos. 23, Fig. 3) or several, the required number, along the length of the strip (pos. 15, 15´, 16´, Fig. 1 or pos. 17, 18, fig. 2). The number of protrusions is selected depending on the density of the fruit for which the separator is intended, as well as depending on the design and technology of the protrusions, and the method of their use.

The protrusions can be located only on one side of the strip 1, for example, protrusions 15, 16 (Fig. 10a - 11), 17, 18 (Fig. 2, 7), pos. 23 – fig. 3; pos. 21, 22, 25 – fig. 9). The protrusions can also be bent on both sides of strip 1 - pos. 15, 15' and 16' (Fig. 1), pos. 24 (Fig. 9).

The projections can also extend onto one of the edges, for example, onto edge 4 - projections 15, 15', 16' (Fig. 1), 15, 16 (Fig. 10a - 11) or onto both edges 4 and 5 - projections 15, 16'' (Fig. 4). The protrusions can be located without reaching the edges 4, 5 of strip 1 - protrusions 21, 22, fig. 9.

If there are several protrusions on one edge 4 or 5, then the protrusion from the side of the end of the strip 1, for example, protrusion 15, FIG. 1, can be bent more than the projections 15' or 16' located higher up the strip (on the side of handle 2).

Protrusions of different designs can be used in the strip. For example, the strip may have one or more projections in the form of folds 15-18 and in addition to them one or more projections 21-22 or 23-25 may be provided.

To increase the efficiency of the separator, at least one of the protrusions is made on the working edge 4, for example, protrusions 15 (Fig. 5, 6, 8), 25 (Fig. 9) or near this side, such as protrusions 21, 22 (Fig. . 9).

More effective are protrusions of a shape that creates less resistance when inserting the proposed separator (strip) into the fruit and greater resistance when removing the separator from the fruit. During the tests, these were shown to be protrusions in the form of bends 15-18, in which the bent flat part from the side of the end of the strip creates less resistance when inserting strip 1 into the fruit 7, and the end of the bent edge (from the side of the separator handle, pos. 19, Fig. 4 or the end of the cutout 20, Fig. 7a) creates greater resistance and better engagement with the removed part 6 when removing the strip with part 6 from the KN 10. It is also preferable to have wavy protrusions 23–25 with similar properties (of a similar shape). In fig. Figure 9 schematically shows such a double-sided protrusion 24. From the end of the strip, it has a flatter surface 26 relative to one of the sides of the side surface of the strip 1, and from the side of the handle 2, a steeper surface 27 (on the opposite side of the side surface of the strip 1), creating greater resistance to strip 1 when moving it along part 6 (Fig. 10a), in this case, when removing strip 1 from KN 10. Protrusions 23, 25 can be made according to the same principle - with sharp corners (surfaces 27) instead of smooth symmetrical ones kinks or roundings (not shown).

The more uneven (torn) the surface strips of the protrusions on the side of the separator handle protrude beyond the plane, the more effectively the protrusions remove from the ring knife 10 part of the core 6 (Fig. 10a), removed from the apple 7.

In fig. 3 and 4, L denotes the distance from the most distant surface of the RC or point E of the end of strip 1 to the beginning of the working part (surface) of one of the protrusions. The working part (surface) of the protrusions is their entire surface protruding beyond the plane of the strip on the side of the handle 2. For example, this is the end (slot) 19 and the inner surface of the protrusion 15 (Fig. 4), which can interact with the fruit 7 when the strip moves relative to part 6 towards the handle 2 or similar surfaces of the protrusions 23, 25, 27 from the side of the handle 2. The value (size) L is the distance after which the section of the surface of the strip 1 behind the working part of the protrusion on some section of the strip or along its entire length reaches the handle 2 - will be flat, for example, between the slot 19 of the protrusion 15 and the protrusion 16´´ (Fig. 4) or behind the protrusion 23 (Fig. 3 - towards the handle 2).

To effectively influence the cylindrical part 6 removed from the KN 10, the protrusions of the strip should be as far as possible from the Q axis and, accordingly, vice versa, closer to the cylindrical surface of the removed part 6 (Fig. 10a). To do this, the protrusions must be located on the longitudinal edge of the strip, which in the working position is closer to the cylindrical surface of part 6, for example, protrusions in the form of bends 15, 16 (Fig. 10a, 11), 17, 18 (Fig. 2, 7 ). This side in the described separator is side 4, it is the working edge of the strip. Protrusions that do not extend to side (edge) 4, for example 21, 22, should also be as close as possible to this side (Fig. 9).

The projections, especially 15-18, or the entire strips can be made of a material with elastic properties. In this case, when the strip is inserted into the fruit, the protrusions 15-18 will be pressed against the strip, reducing the force on the fruit, and when the strip moves back, such protrusions will tend to bend away from the strip, increasing the gripping force of the part 6 removed from the KN 10. The height of the elastic protrusions in in the straightened (bent) state it can be more than 4 mm.

For Special Knives K, which are widespread on the market with an internal diameter of the ring knife 10 of approximately 19 mm, the size of the separator protrusions - the height of the elevation (deviation) of their extreme surface point above the level of the side surface of strip 1 (above the plane of the strip) - should be within 1-4 mm.

To reduce the insertion force into the fruit 7, at the end of the strip 1 from the side of the non-working edge 5 (opposite to the working side 4 with angle E), a chamfer 28 (Fig. 5) can be made, having a sharpening similar to sharpening 3 (Fig. 1). The chamfer 28 can be made on both edges 4 and 5, can have a different slope, be symmetrical or asymmetrical (not shown).

To effectively use the separator, it is advisable to make at least 50% of the surface of the end of the strip 1 straight and not perpendicular to the working edge 4 (as in Fig. 6, 7), but with an inclination relative to it towards the handle 2 at an angle γ = 80 -88° (Fig. 1, 4, 8). In this case, in the working position of the separator, the end of the strip 1 (cutting edge RK), inserted at an angle φ into the fruit 7 (Fig. 10a), is located in the plane of the cutting edge R of the ring knife 10 (Fig. 10a) or as close as possible to it.

The surface of the RK can have any shape - rectilinear (Fig. 1, 6), broken (Fig. 5), curved - RK´ (Fig. 8), etc. Due to the small distance between the extreme points of the end (end) E and t compared with the length of strip 1 under the inclined end, one should understand its any position with any configuration of the RK, at which the angle γ differs from a value equal to 90°. The angle of inclination of the end γ is defined as the angle between the working edge 4 (Fig. 4, 8) and the line h defining the direction of the end, for example, passing through the extreme points of the end E and t. If the working edge 4' is made curved, for example, as in the separator strip S6 (Fig. 11), then the angle γ is defined as the angle between the cutting edge of the sharpening 3 and the tangent to point E of the side 4'. In fig. 11 such a tangent is the line of the inner surface of the holder 9.

To locate the end of the inclined strip 1 in its working position in the plane of the edge R of the ring knife 10 (Fig. 10a) or in planes close to it, the angle of inclination of the end γ must be equal to γ = (90° - φ) or have an inclination less than the specified values, no less than 1-3°. In this case, the RK or point t should not go beyond the plane of the edge R. At γ = (90° - φ), the straight end (its cutting edge RK) of the strip inclined at an angle φ in the working position is located in the plane of the edge R (Fig. 10a).

To improve the conditions for more complete removal of part 6 of the core of the fruit 7, it is preferable to choose the end inclination angle γ as high as possible, but not more than the maximum possible inclination angle of the strip 1, equal to γ = (90° - φ) in the operating position of the separator (Fig. 10a).

The magnitude of the angle γ depends on the design features of the Special Knives K and the separators S1-S6 interacting with it and is selected based on the inclination of the separator strips S1-S6 inserted into the fruit in their working position. The magnitude of the angle γ depends on the magnitude of the inclination φ (Fig. 10a) in the working position of the separator strip S1-S4 relative to the Q axis. The inclination angle γ of the end of the strip and, accordingly, the angle φ of the inclination of the strip - for the end location in the plane of the edge R, - is determined to a large extent by the height H of the handle 8 of the Special Knife K (Fig. 10a) at the point of contact with the separator, which is planned to be used together. The angle γ has a larger value with smaller inclinations of the separator strip S1-S4 relative to the Q axis and vice versa.

To facilitate insertion of the strip of separators S1-S6 into the fruit, its end can have a greater slope than the above, which is ensured with values of γ = 70-79. Smaller values of the angle γ somewhat worsen the stability of the formation of the flat end of the removed part 6 and the resulting bottom of the hole, but slightly facilitate the insertion of the strip into the fruit, and, conversely, larger values of the angle γ improve the formation of a flat bottom of the hole in the fruit 7, but at the same time very slightly the force of introducing strip 1 into fetus 7 increases.

The working longitudinal edge of the strip is the one at which the end (angle E) of the inclined strip is most likely to contact the inner surface, first of all, of the ring knife 10 (from the side of the holder 9), as well as with the holder 9 during operation of the separator. As tests have shown, in the presence of such contact, the best working conditions with the proposed separator are ensured, as well as the operation of the separator itself.

The working edge of the strip of separators shown in Fig. 1-11 is side 4 for the following reasons:

1. This side serves to guide the separator strip when inserting the strip into the fruit.

2. Convenient, fast and efficient operation of the separator is ensured when the strip comes into contact with the inner surface of the holder 9 and/or KN 10 from the side of corner E.

3. This side, when directed towards the end of the holder 9, is capable of preventing the end of the strip from hitting the inner end of the KN 10, which leads to blocking of the separator and the impossibility of separating and removing part 6 from the fruit 7.

4. When inserting a strip, it is more convenient to “aim” it at angle E, while it is easier to ensure the final position of strip 1 without the RC of the strip leaving the boundary of part 6. This process of inserting a strip is easier to control when inserting it at an angle φ (Fig. 10a) to the axis Q.

5. Protrusions 15-18 more effectively remove part 6 from KH 10 when placed on this side.

6. The inclination angle γ of the end of the strip, which ensures efficient and reliable operation of the separator, is determined relative to this side, that is, the end of the strip has an inclination towards this side.

If necessary, angle E can be any of the corners of the end of the strip - at edge 4 or 5, depending on which side of the strip is intended to interact with the inner surface of the ring knife 10 (Fig. 10a, 11).

In order to increase the functionality of the separator, the non-working edge 5 can be sharpened similarly to the end double-sided sharpening 3, as shown in the separator S4, Fig. 10a – pos. 29. The presence of sharpening 29 will allow the proposed separator to be used for other operations with fruits - for cutting them, cleaning them, etc., that is, like a regular knife.

Sharpening 29 does not play a significant role in the separator performing its function. When using separators S1-S6, the predominant part of the strip 1 is always introduced into the removable part 6 of the fruit 7 in a straight line along the plane of the strip (for example, along the side 4 - Fig. 10a). Sharpening 29, if completed, begins to influence the removed part 6 of the fruit 7 only after inserting the strip 1 at an angle greater than that required for the working position of the separator (strip), until the angle E of the inclined strip 1 (Fig. 10a) comes into contact with the inner surface of the holder 9 or KN 10. Only after the strip 1 comes into contact with the indicated surfaces and when it moves further towards the end of the ring knife 10 (towards the cutting edge R), the angle E will begin to move along the inner surface of the holder 9 or KN 10 - until the strip 1 reaches its working depth and working position (Fig. 10a). Side 5 of strip 1 in the process of such movement will put pressure on the cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7. The movement of side 5 in the direction opposite to the surface of the holder 9 (up in Fig. 10a) will be insignificant. As a result, the impact forces on part 6 from side 5, with or without sharpening 29, will also be very small, especially in comparison with the main resistance to the insertion of the separator into the fruit 7, created by the end of the strip and the protrusions. Therefore, for greater safety and when using the device only as a separator, sharpening 29 may not be performed, since the proposed separator effectively performs its functions without it.

If sharpening 29 is used, it is preferable to perform it on the non-working edge 5. Depending on the design of the separator, sharpening can also be performed only on edge 4 or on both edges 4 and 5 for the entire or part of the length of strip 1. Sharpening 29 on both edges 4 and Strip 5 (Fig. 6) can be made, in particular, to reduce the cross-section of the strip and facilitate its insertion into the fruit, as well as for the convenience of additional use of the separator as a knife and in universal separators for left-handed and right-handed people, for example, in strip 1 of the separator S3 , fig. 3 (sharpening not shown).

To prevent cuts to the fingers or palm when using the proposed separator, an unsharpened part of the strip can be left between sharpening 29 and the handle (Fig. 10a - section of side 5 between sharpening 29 and handle 2) - as in ordinary kitchen knives.

The cutting edge RK´ (Fig. 8) can be made rounded, as in ordinary kitchen knives, and together with sharpening 29, form a common cutting edge, as in a regular knife.

Sharpening 29 of the required length can be done if necessary by the consumer, including at home.

When using a separator without sharpening 29, the longitudinal edges of the 4th and 5th strips are made without special bevels or chamfers on their edges, just like the non-working edges (butt) of most ordinary kitchen knives. That is, the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 in this case do not have a special shape, but have a flat surface perpendicular to the plane of the strip, and a processing similar to the processing of the butt of kitchen knives, in which the ribs of the butt edges are made without special additional processing or giving them a special shape and may have a chamfer of minimal size to prevent cuts without affecting the surface of the butt.

The strip can be made in a broken shape - pos. 30 (separator S5) or curved 31 (separator S6, Fig. 11), 32 (Fig. 3). In the separator S6 with a curved strip 31, the side 4' facing the holder 9 can be made in the shape of a circular arc. Both sides of the strip 31 can be made in an arc shape.

When the knife K is inserted into the fruit 7 to the maximum depth (up to the handle 8) and in the working position of the inclined strip 1 of the selected design and width, the upper part of its non-working edge 5 (from the side of the handle 2) can go beyond the boundary of the removed cylindrical part 6.

To avoid contact of edge 5 with zone Z (beyond the boundary of part 6), a cutout 33 can be made in the strip on the side of the handle in the form of a uniform recess (Fig. 8) or with an inclined side 34 - towards handle 2 or another shape (not shown) . Such cuts can be made to mark 35 (cut 33) or to handle 2 (cut 34). The depth of the cutouts must be greater than the possible indicated recess of side 5 into zone Z - in the most unfavorable position of the strip for such a recess. On the longitudinal non-working edge 5 at the end of the strip 1 below the cutout 33 or 34, sharpening 29 can be performed (Fig. 8).

Mark 35 can be applied to strips 1 (Fig. 1-3, 8), 30 (Fig. 11) to ensure control of the depth of their insertion into the fruit 7. Mark 35 can coincide with the edge of the handle 8 of the Special Knife K (Fig. 11) when introducing strips 30, 31 to their working depth. The front edge of handle 2 of separator S4 (Fig. 10a) can also serve as such a mark if it coincides with the edge of handle 8 in the operating position of separator S4.

The mark M can be made at the outer end on the handle 8 of the Special Knife K (Fig. 10a). In this case, it indicates the position of the end of the handle 2 of the separator S4 in its operating position.

The mark can be applied with a marker or made mechanically by both the manufacturer and the consumer of the separator - by scratching, notching or in another way, including under the Special Knife K with which the separator is supposed to be used.

Along part of the strip or along the entire length, a longitudinal indicator can be made in the form of a corrugation d (Fig. 1) or a line made in the form of a scratch or applied with indelible paint, or heat treatment - to facilitate control of the direction of insertion of the strip flat in relation to the inner (concave) surface of the holder 9, that is, perpendicular to the position of the strip shown in FIG. 10a.

For more reliable fastening of the strip 1 in the cast handle 2, part of it located in the handle 2 can be deformed, for example, bent by a screw deformation 36 (Fig. 2, 10a), or by several or one bend similar to 23 (Fig. 3) , 24, 25 (Fig. 9) or otherwise (not shown).

To ensure that the angle E of the end (RK) of strip 1 does not cut into the inner surface of the ring knife 10 and holder 9 when introducing strip 1 into the fruit 7 at an angle (Fig. 10a), a straight bevel 37 can be made at the EC of strip 1 on the working edge 4 (Fig. . 7a) or rounded 38 (Fig. 10a). The bevel 37 or 38 is made without sharpening and the possibility of cutting, has a straight shape in the cross section of the strip, perpendicular to the side surfaces of the strip 1 or cylindrical, with a radius of curvature comparable to the radius of the ring knife 10 or less. Or the edges of the flat bevels 37, 38 can be made with a chamfer - rounded or flat to reduce the sliding force of the strip 1 along the inner concave surface of the holder 9.

The bevel 37 is made so that, in the working position of the strip 1, the surface of the bevel 37 is located at a slight angle to the inner surface of the ring knife 10, and so that the angle E of the end of the strip 1 does not come into contact with the inner surface of the ring knife 10, or so that the surface of the bevel 37 is parallel the inner surface of the ring knife 10. The corner E of the end of the strip is also located if the bevel is made in the form of a rounding 38 (Fig. 10a). In all figures, the execution of angle E is implied with a bevel; in Fig. 1-6, 8, 11 bevels are not shown so as not to complicate the image.

The direction of surface 37 (at angle ɷ, Fig. 7a) or the corresponding tangent to the outer curved surface 38 (at point E, Fig. 7b) from the side of sharpening 3 must exceed the angle φ (Fig. 10a). To eliminate the specified contact of the end (sharp end - angle E) of strip 1 with the inner surface of the ring knife 10, the bevel 37 (Fig. 7a) must have an inclination angle ɷ ≥ φ. So, for example, with φ = 4° or 8°, the value of the angle ɷ should be ɷ ≥ 4° or ɷ ≥ 8°, respectively.

When making a bevel 37 or 38, the contact area of the strip 1 with the holder 9 increases. Therefore, the forces of their interaction are reduced, and the possibility of cutting the corner E of the end of the strip into the surface of the holder 9 or the ring knife KH 10 is eliminated. This reduces the wear of the corner E and the internal surfaces of the holder 9 and KN 10, reduce the total force of inserting the strip into the fruit.

If a sharpening 29 was made on the longitudinal edge, then the bevel 37 or 38 is made with such an inclination as to prevent the sharpening 29 from interacting with the holder 9 or KH 10 when inserting the strip into the fruit.

To ensure the functionality of the separator, it is enough to have a flat bevel 37 type of chamfer measuring 1x2 mm and even smaller, where 1 mm is a reduction in the cutting edge of the RK on the sharpening side 3 (Fig. 1, 2), 2 mm is a reduction on side (edge) 4, Fig. . 7b. A curved bevel 38 can also be of similar dimensions. In this case, along the edge, for example, side 4 of the strip, the bevel is preferably larger (i.e., the bevel on this side is longer) than in the direction of the RK.

Less wear of both the strip and the inner surface of the holder 9 and KN 10, as well as improved operating conditions for the separator, are ensured by using larger bevels 37 and 38, shown in Fig. 7a and Fig. 10a. A similar bevel can be a ground (unsharpened, made in the same way as bevels 37, 38) end part of the lower curved surface 32 (Fig. 3), which, when inserting strip 1, can contact the inner surface of the holder 9 or KN 10 - in the case if the lower surface 32 is made with sharpening 29.

When testing separators with strip 1 without bevels 37 or 38, it led to jamming due to the cutting angle E of the sharpened part 3 (RK) into the inner surface of the holder 9.

To increase the surface of the end of strip 1, which is reduced due to the presence of a bevel, for example, pos. 37 (Fig. 7a), a corresponding protrusion O can be made on the non-working edge 5.

In fig. 10a the positions indicate: a cylindrical slot 39, made in the apple 7 with a ring knife 10 (for clarity, the contour of the cylindrical slot 39 is given larger than it is obtained when cutting an apple with a ring knife 10; the boundaries of the contour 39 also correspond to the cylindrical recess formed in the fruit 7 after removal from of the removed part 6); securing 40 of the apple 7 from rotating it relative to the Q axis when cutting into it in the center with the rotary movements of the ring knife 10; zone Z – the rest of the fruit around the detachable cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7.

The working part (length) of the strip of separators S1-S6 is its main part, which can be inserted to the working depth (relative to the Special Knife K - until the end of the strip is located in the plane R) into the fruit 7 (Fig. 10a - 11), without affecting to zone Z of the fruit 7 outside the cylindrical part 6 – behind the slot 39, i.e., in the working position of the strip and/or separator.

That is, the working part of the strip can be the part from its end until the change: a) the shape of the strip or its direction, for example, to the bend 13 of the separator S2, Fig. 2 or up to the bend 14 of the separator S3, FIG. 3 or b) before changing - increasing the width of the strip to an unacceptable value (if it is made variable in width), such as strip 30 of separator S5, in which the width of the strip behind mark 35 on the side of handle 2 increases (Fig. 11).

The working part of the strip can be the entire strip from its end (RK) to handle 2 - separator S4 (Fig. 10a) or part of it: from the end to mark 35 - strip 1 with a bend in separators S2 (Fig. 2), S3 (Fig. 3), strip 30 of separator S5 with its greater width at handle 2 (Fig. 11) or strip 32 of variable cross-section (Fig. 3). Mark 35 can simultaneously serve as an indicator of the working position of the separator S5 and the length of the working part of the strip 30 (Fig. 11).

The maximum transverse dimension of handle 2 is greater than the width of the working part of the strip. The transverse size of the handle is measured in the direction of its largest transverse size (width), since the handle can occupy different positions relative to the strip. For example, a handle can have a larger width (transverse dimension) in the direction coinciding with the plane of strip 1 (Fig. 1, 2) or 30, 31 (Fig. 11; position 2 indicates a larger side of the handle), or in the direction , perpendicular to the plane of the strip 1, for example, in the separator S4 (item 2', Fig. 10a).

The larger width of the handle 2 in relation to the width of the strip makes it possible to improve the work with the proposed separator by increasing the force of its grip and pressing against the handle 8 of the Special Knife K. The greater height of the handle 2 (in the direction of the strip width) in the area where the handle connects with the strip eliminates pressure on the fingers or palm when working with the separator, as well as the risk of injury if sharpening 29 is performed (Fig. 10a).

To improve working conditions with the separator, the surface of the working edge 4 and the adjacent surface of the handle 2 are located predominantly at the same level (Fig. 1, 8, 10, 11).

When inserting the strip into the fruit, considerable force is required, especially when its end hits the seeds, which can be very hard. Therefore, sharpening of the end of the strip is necessary. To ensure straight-line insertion of the strip into the fruit in the desired direction, sharpening 3 of the end of the strip 1 is performed in a bilateral symmetrical manner, which provides equivalent symmetrical forces acting on both sides (planes) of the end (end) part of the strip 1 when inserting it into the fruit 7.

Sharpening 3 (Fig. 1-11, 13) of strip 1, 30 is carried out mainly in the form of flat slopes (surface edges) - pos. 3, fig. 13. In FIG. 13 shows flat descents 3, made symmetrically relative to the axis 41 of the strip 1 at an angle U without leads. This form is preferable because it can be easily restored at home if it becomes dull and the sharp cutting edge of the RK needs to be restored. The sharpening can have a convex lens-shaped shape - pos. 42, fig. 13, or concave (not shown), which can also be easily restored with an abrasive wheel.

If the shape, size and location of the protrusions 15-18, 21-25 along the strip will lead to the strip 1, 30, 31 moving away from linear movement when inserting it into the fruit, then to compensate for the withdrawal and ensure straight-line movement, the end of the strip can be made with an asymmetric sharpening 43. Such sharpening is necessary for the required compensatory shift of the cutting edge of the RK to the right (if the forces arising from the protrusions 15-18, 21-25 move strip 1 to the left - in accordance with Fig. 13). If necessary, for such compensation, in addition to descents, inlets with corresponding (different) inclination angles (not shown) can be used. Or, for the same shift to the right during symmetrical sharpening, a bevel 44 can be made. Leads with the same angles of inclination can be used in addition to descents and when sharpening the end symmetrically (not shown).

The simplest option, which ensures convenient use of separators, is to perform symmetrical double-sided sharpening in the form of descents (without inlets) 3 (Fig. 13). The proposed separator effectively performs its functions with any sharpening angles U, from 20° to 90-120°.

It is preferable to use a catch U = 30-60°, which provide less force for inserting the strip into the fruit, and with which it is easier to perform double-sided symmetrical sharpening at home. At sharpening angles U less than 30°, the tip RK will quickly become dull when interacting with hard seeds and partitions of apples. At large sharpening angles, the force of inserting the strip into the fruit increases, and the probability of the strip moving away from the required direction is greater when the RA hits hard seeds, especially on their side surfaces. Large angles, especially those exceeding the specified values, are undesirable, since when sharpening at home it is difficult to ensure their equality, and the difference in the slope angles of larger angles will lead to a greater deviation of the strip away from straight-line movement.

Images of descents in Fig. 1-11 are for illustrative purposes only.

EXAMPLE OF USE

The use of the proposed device (separator) is explained using the example of removing part of the core 6 of an apple 7 with a separator S4 (Fig. 10a).

First, using a Special Knife K to remove the core 6, a cylindrical slot 39 is made in the apple 7. To do this, the apple 7 is held with one hand from turning (item 40, Fig. 10a) in a comfortable position - so that the pits of the stalk and sepals are located horizontally, as in Fig. 10a, vertically or obliquely (not shown). By turning the handle 8 of the Special Knife K with the second hand relative to the Q axis in one or both directions (or without such rotations), the ring knife 10 is inserted into the held apple 7 to the required depth by longitudinal movement. KN 10 can also be inserted into the apple 7 without turning - by indentation. As a result, a cylindrical slot 39 is formed, which separates the cylindrical part 6 located inside it from the zone Z of the rest of the apple 7. Release the handle 8 with the second hand and use it to take the separator by the handle 2, orienting its working strip 1 so that the working edge 4 is located opposite the inner the surface of the holder 9 mainly in the axial plane KN 10 (Fig. 10a - 11). After this, strip 1 is inserted into the cylindrical part 6 formed in the apple 7 at an angle (Fig. 10a, 11), to its working depth - until the end (RK) of strip 1 coincides with the plane of the cutting edge R (Fig. 10a - 11) of the ring knife 10. Straight strip 1 is inserted in a straight line along the plane of the strip itself (by linear movement). For example, strip 1 is inserted along the working edge 4 - fig. 10a, - which, when inserted, can be pressed against the handle 8 of the Special Knife K, or along the corrugated mark d, (Fig. 1).

The strip is inserted either in one movement and immediately until its cutting edge coincides with the plane of the cutting edge R (with or without contact of the corner E of strip 1 with the inner surface of KH 10), or until the angle E contacts the inner surface of the holder 9 (when inserting strip 1 at an inclination greater than the required one and shown in Fig. 10a) with further movement of this angle E along the holder 9 to the final working position of the strip 1, shown in Fig. 10a. Using the same principle, a broken strip 30 or a curved strip 31 is introduced into the cylindrical part 6 of the fruit (Fig. 11). The working position (insertion depth) of the strip is controlled using marks 35 (Fig. 11) or M (Fig. 10a), or by the position relative to each other of the front edges of handles 2 and 8 (Fig. 10a, 11).

Then, pressing handles 2 and 8 to each other, simultaneously rotate them together relative to the held apple 7 (relative to the Q axis). This leads to the separation (separation) of the cylindrical part 6 from the fixed (item 40) apple 7 and the formation of a blind bottom of the cylindrical slot 39 in it. The separation of the cylindrical part 6 from the apple 7 occurs due to the influence of the strip 1 on it, which is located in it and turns together with the Special Knife K and the holder 9. After this, the handles 2 and 8 pressed against each other are pulled from the held apple 7, removing from it the ring knife 10 with the separated cylindrical part 6.

Next, holding the Special Knife K by the handle 8 with one hand, with the other hand, by the handle 2, turn the strip 1 relative to the KH axis 10 in the direction of the protrusions 15, 16 bent to one side - so that when turning they dig into part 6 (the strip with the protrusions 23, Fig. 3 or 25, Fig. 9 - rotate so that the protrusions on the working edge 4 move towards the removed part 6 of the fruit, i.e. are pressed into it). At the same time, handle 2 (strip 1) pulls the cylindrical part 6 from the ring knife 10 (relative to the Special Knife K) until the cylindrical part 6 exits the KN 10. When strip 1 of the separator S4 moves relative to the ring knife 10 (in the direction from the apple 7), the ends 19 (Fig. 4) protrusions 15, 16 of strip 1 (Fig. 10a) grab part 6 and pull it out of the ring knife 10. If protrusions 15, 16´ (Fig. 1) are bent sufficiently in different directions from the surface of strip 1, then to pull part 6 out of the ring knife 10, strip 1 can simply be pulled out of the ring knife 10 without rotating the separator, or the separator, when pulled out of KN 10, is turned in any direction. In this case, one of the projections 15 or 16´ will dig into the part 6 to be removed.

More stable and efficient is the removal of part 6 from the CN 10 when turning and pulling the strip with protrusions bent to one side and located on the working edge 4, for example, protrusions 15, 16 (Fig. 10a, 11) or 17, 18 (Fig. 2).

The cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7 remaining on the strip 1 is removed with a Special Knife K or any object, by shaking or in another way.

If for some reason the cylindrical part 6 does not come out of the ring knife 10, then it can be pushed by the end of the separator strip through the KN 10 in the direction of its handle 8. To do this, the separator strip 1 is placed flat in relation to the end of the lower cylindrical part 6 from the side cutting edge R and press on this end with the end (end) of the strip.

It is more convenient to do this using one of the protrusions, for example, 15 (Fig. 10a) or 16 (Fig. 11), using them as stops (stops). To do this, strip 1 is hooked with protrusion 15 (its bent end-slot 19) onto the inner surface of KH 10 from the side of edge R. Pressing the side surface of strip 1 against the surface of edge R, rotate the end of strip 1 relative to this side surface and relative to protrusion 15 inside the ring knife 10, pressing the end of the strip 1 on the part 6 located in it and pushing it out of the ring knife 10 towards the handle 8. This ensures convenient and quick preparation of the separator for subsequent use, and also allows you to avoid getting your hands dirty.

To increase convenience and speed up the process of removing part 6 from the ring knife 10, the distance L (Fig. 3, 4) should be less than the internal diameter of the ring knife 10 of the Special Knife K (Fig. 10a - 11). In this case, when the strip 1 is rotated relative to the protrusion 15 (the end of the slot 19) or 23, engaged by their working part on the cutting edge R (Fig. 10a), the end of the strip 1, moving inside the KH 10, will not touch its diametrically opposite inner surface.

The inner diameter of the ring knives 10 in the widely used and commercially available Special Knives K for apple coring is approximately 19 mm. Therefore, for convenience and speed up the implementation of this procedure, the distance of the protrusions, for example, the end of the working surface of the protrusion 23 (i.e., the beginning of the flat surface behind the zone L, Fig. 3) or the surface 19 (for the protrusion 15, Fig. 4) from the end of the strip 1 should not exceed 17-18 mm - taking into account the slope of the end of the strip, its width and the size of the slot 19.

The further the first protrusion is located from the end of the strip, the faster and more convenient it is to remove the part 6 remaining inside the KN 10 using the end of the strip on the outside of the KN 10. The remote location of the protrusion allows you to increase the “overhang” of the end of the strip, so that it can squeeze out part 6 from the KN 10 towards the handle of the holder - when the strip is hooked flat onto the cutting edge R with a protrusion and then its end is turned inward relative to R. If the strip is hooked onto a closely located protrusion, for example, 15 in Fig. 11, then after turning the strip inside KH 10 and pressing it on the end of part 6, you then need to additionally push (push out) this part 6 from KH 10 with the end of the strip. For this reason, at least one of the protrusions should be placed according to the specified principle at a distance L of no more than 18 mm from the extreme point of the RC strip to the point of the protrusion most distant from the RC. This arrangement of the protrusion makes the process of removing part 6 of the fetus from the KN 10 more convenient and faster - in one movement. If this distance L turns out to be large for the inner diameter of the ring knife used with the separator of the Special Knife K, then the end of the strip (RK) can be ground off (reduced) by the user by 1-2 mm.

The protrusions located in the area of the ring knife 10 (inside it) are pos. 15, fig. 10a or 15, 16 – fig. 11, more effectively influence the cylindrical part 6 adjacent to them, which is removed from the ring knife. This part 6 of the apple 7 is clamped by the annular surface of the knife 10 and cannot expand under the influence of the protrusions 15 as freely as the cylindrical part 6 being removed behind the ring knife 10 (from the handle side 8), which is separated by a slot 39. Therefore, when removing strip 1 from the annular knife 10, the protrusions located in its zone more effectively capture/jam (compared to the protrusion 16 located outside the annular knife 10 - Fig. 10a) and remove the cylindrical part 6 from ring knife 10.

Based on this, it is advisable to position at least one of the protrusions so that when the separator is in operating position, this protrusion is located inside the ring knife 10 (Fig. 11) as low as possible. That is, one of the protrusions, for example, pos. 15 (Fig. 4) or 23 (Fig. 3) should be located as close as possible to the end of the strip (primarily based on the technological possibility of manufacturing the protrusion) in the area designated as L in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The closer to the end of the strip the first protrusion is located, the more reliably it grabs, wedges and removes part 6 from the KN 10. This arrangement also makes it possible to place another 1-2 protrusions in the KN 10 area, which will increase the reliability of removal (by pulling in the direction of the handle 8 of the knife K) of part 6 from the KN 10.

The location of the first protrusion along the strip on the RC side is also chosen based on its design (bend, thickening, extension to one or both edges 5 or 4 or the side surface of the strip, etc.), manufacturing technology and the number of protrusions on the strip. To ensure greater reliability of gripping the removed part 6 with the protrusion, ease of removal of this part 6 from the KN 10 by the end of the strip, as well as to direct the movement of the strip at the beginning of its insertion into the fruit, the surface of the first protrusion (from the side of the RK, Fig. 1, 2) should place at a distance of 6-18 mm from the RC strip.

The flat strip itself will prevent a strong influence on the withdrawal of the strip with symmetrical sharpening from rectilinear movement after most of it has been introduced into the fruit. The design and number of protrusions are also chosen so that their influence on the deflection of the strip during its insertion is as small as possible.

For example, with a small distance L of the first protrusion from the end of the strip, it is better to use protrusions 15, 16'' on different edges 4 and 5 of the strip (Fig. 4) and with bends on both sides of the strip 1 or a double-sided wavy protrusion 24 (Fig. 9 ). After inserting section L of the strip into the fruit with such protrusions, they will have little effect on the trajectory of the strip insertion, since, being bent in different directions, they will create approximately equal lateral forces acting on the strip and compensate for each other’s action, preventing the strip from being pulled away from linear movement. If the distance L of the first protrusion is larger, then the protrusions can be one-sided - pos. 17, 18, figs. 2, because in this case, the flat surface of the strip up to the first protrusion 17 will well ensure its rectilinear entry into the fruit before the protrusion 17 is inserted into it, which, together with the second protrusion 18, will no longer be able to significantly influence the rectilinear trajectory of the strip insertion. 

Taking into account these factors and to increase the efficiency of removing part 6 from KN 10, it is advisable to use 2-4 protrusions, 2-3 of which should be located along the length of the strip so that they are in the KN 10 zone at a distance from the end of the strip L = 6-18 mm. If one protrusion is used in the KN 10 zone, then it is advisable to place it at a distance L = 8-12 mm from the end of the strip, approximately in the middle of the height of KN 10 (that is, the length of KN 10 in the direction of the Q axis) of most Special Knives K on sale.

A closer location of the protrusion to the end of the strip during periodic sharpening of its end (RK) in operation will lead to a decrease in the guide end of the strip, which will negatively affect the required direction of insertion of the strip into the fruit.

To improve the conditions for using the separator, as well as fixing handles 2 and 8 together when they jointly rotate the surface of the lower part of handle 2 and/or stop 12 (Fig. 1) in section C, Fig. 11 (in which the handle 2 is pressed against the handle 8) can be made of the same configuration as the surface of the handle 8 in contact with it (Fig. 12).

One of the variants of such a configuration of contacting surfaces is shown in Fig. 12. In the cross-section in Fig. 12 holder 9 is not shown. For clarity, the contact surfaces of handles 2 and 8 are shown with a vertical gap, in which the projections of the contact lines F are shown.

This design of the handles makes it possible to more reliably hold strip 1 in the required stationary position relative to the Special Knife K when they are rotated together. This surface of the handle 8 can also serve as a guide for moving the strip 1 and/or handle 2 along it when inserted into the fruit. For example, the surfaces of handles 2 and 8 adjacent to each other in the operating position of the separator (in contact with each other - in section C, Fig. 11) can have the same cylindrical shape (the same direction of curvature and its size) in the contact section F (Fig. 12) with the generatrices of the cylindrical surface located in the direction of insertion of the strip into the fruit. In this case, upon completion of the insertion of the strip to the working depth into the removed part 6 and after pressing the handles 2 and 8 to each other, their reliable fixation is ensured due to the large contact surface area in section C and the possibility of the handles shifting relative to each other in the transverse direction is eliminated (for example , relative to the Q axis) when the separator and Special Knife K rotate together. The cylindrical surface of handle 2 may have a larger radius (less curvature) than handle 8 (not shown). This will make it possible to use the separator with different Special Knives K, which have different shapes of the handle 8. At the same time, the convenience of working with the separator will not deteriorate, since strip 1, after being inserted to the working depth into the removed part 6, is held quite firmly by it.

Tests have shown that the separator performs its functions - primarily in separating part 6 from the fruit, as well as in removing it from KN 10 - both when the strip is located in the axial section of the ring knife (on the Q axis), and when the strip is parallelly displaced relative to such a position, shown by position 1 in Fig. 10b, by an amount up to plus or minus 5 mm (from minus 5 mm to plus 5 mm) on both sides of the Q axis KN 10 (in the direction perpendicular to the plane of insertion of the strip, i.e., upward (movement in the positive direction, t .e., with a plus sign, as in Fig. 10b) or down in accordance with the image in Fig. 10b). The closer to the axial section, the more stable the separator operates in most cases.

The separator also works effectively with small rotations of its strip at an angle τ (item 1'', Fig. 10b) relative to the axis V (Fig. 1), lying in the plane of the strip and located perpendicular to one of the longitudinal edges 4 or 5 (or direction of strip length 1). That is, the rotation is made in a plane perpendicular to the side surfaces of the strip. The location of the V axis can be arbitrary along the length of strip 1.

Tests have shown effective operation of the separator at a rotation angle τ of strip 1 (Fig. 10b) ranging from minus 5° (counterclockwise in accordance with Fig. 10b) to plus 5° relative to the V axis (Fig. 1). If the specified values of displacement and/or rotation of the strip are exceeded, the performance of the separator and with the separator is significantly deteriorated.

As tests have shown, the required position of the separator strip is determined to a large extent depending on the parameters of the fruit, primarily its density. Thus, from dense fruits, part 6 is effectively separated and removed both when the strip is located in the axial section, and with a plane-parallel displacement or when the strip is rotated at an angle τ (Fig. 10b), as well as with a combination of the indicated displacement and rotation.

To remove looser fruits when removing the core, it may be necessary to position the strip not along the Q axis, but with the specified offset and rotation, for example, in the position shown in Fig. 10b position 1'. In this case, the side surface b' of the strip 1', located at an angle τ, can act on the removed part of the fruit 6, facilitating its removal from the KN 10 - in addition to the protrusions 15, 16 located on the same side b' of the strip. To do this, the separator is pulled not along the strip, but along the Q axis, trying to increase the angle τ of rotation of the strip (as if picking out part 6 with the end of the strip) so that surface b' creates a greater axial force to remove part 6 from KN 10, and the protrusions 15, 16 dug deeper into the removed part 6.

Strip 1 for input in the required selected direction can first be shifted in a direction transverse to its plane (i.e., parallel to the position shown by position 1 in Fig. 10b) and then rotated by the required angle τ (in the required direction), or first rotated to the required angle τ, and then shifted in the transverse direction, or these two movements are performed simultaneously within the specified values of parallel movement and rotation of the strip. If the strip is shifted along with the rotation (item 1´, Fig. 10b), then the separator is shifted in the direction of the deflection of its handle 2´.

When introducing strip 1 flat (and planes close to this position) in relation to the inner surface of the holder 9 (i.e., perpendicular to the position of strip 1, shown, for example, in Fig. 10a) and at a larger than necessary angle to the axis Q, after the end of the strip 1 rests on the inner surface of the holder 9, it will be impossible to move the strip further (to the end of the recess 39). In this case, it will be possible to separate and remove from the fruit not the entire part 6 throughout the entire depth of the slot 39, but only that part that will be limited by the depth of the end (end) of the strip. When the separator strip and the Special Knife K rotate together, the separation of the cylindrical part 6 will occur precisely at the depth of the end of the strip, and not at the entire required depth of the notch 39, corresponding to the final position of the edge R KN 10.

Tests have shown that when strip 1 is inserted flat into part 6 (relative to the inner surface of the holder 9) and in directions close to this position of the strip, it is difficult to avoid the end (RK) of strip 1 getting into the inner end surface of KN 10 from the side of handle 8 or premature contact of the end of the strip 1 with a concave surface of the holder 9 (and not the required end of the strip to fall into the plane of the cutting edge R, as shown, for example, in Fig. 10a).

To eliminate this, an inclined strip should be inserted into part 6 so that the cutting edge of the strip RK (with sharpening 3) is directed to the inner surface of KN 10, located between its cutting edge R and the surface of KN 10, adjacent (common) to holder 9 , designated as g in Fig. 10b, that is, to the area where holder 9 goes into KH 10 (or vice versa). In this case, when aiming the upper part of the RK or point t (Fig. 4) of the strip into the specified zone (the inner surface between the edge R KN 10 and its border with the holder 9, hereinafter referred to as zone G) through the section g edge 4 (its bevel 37 or 38) the strips will meet the inner surface of the holder 9 far from the beginning of zone G. As the inclined strip continues to be inserted along it into the removed part 6, the bevel will slide along the holder 9 or KN 10 until it reaches the cutting edge of the strip of the working position at the end of KH 10 (in the plane of its cutting edge R - Fig. 10a). If the lower part of the RK is directed into this zone G, closer to point E, then the bevel 37 or 38 will meet the inner surface of the KN 10 or holder 9 much closer to the cutting edge R and the above sliding will be much less or will be absent (if the end When inserted, the strip will deflect so that it does not come into contact with the KN 10).

The strip should be inserted in planes passing through section g. The width of the section g corresponds to the prevailing width of the holder 9 along its length, without taking into account the transitions g' of greater width (Fig. 10b, 11).

With the proposed insertion of the strip, even with its initial introduction at a greater than necessary inclination (and not required to ensure the final working position of the strip at a smaller angle φ - Fig. 10a), the end of the strip is guaranteed not to go beyond the dimensions of the removed cylindrical part 6, since the end of the strip (bevel 37 or 38), when inserted into part 6, will meet the inner surface of holder 9 or KN 10.

When starting to use the separator, it is preferable to aim at zone G with the part of the RC located closer to the top of the RC or point t. In this case, the strip will be inserted at a large angle φ and point E (bevel) will come into contact with the inner surface of the holder 9 earlier (closer to the handle 8). This reduces the likelihood of the RK strip getting into the inner end of KN 10 (from the side of handle 8) due to the lack of experience in working with the separator. The need to enter the strip at a greater angle may also arise due to the fact that very hard seeds may fall on the path of the strip strip, which can affect the trajectory of the strip insertion, the strip of which can hit the inner end of KN 10.

If you have sufficient skills in using the separator, the strip is introduced aiming at zone G with the angle E (bevel) of the cutting edge of the strip. In this case, the RK of the strip at the end of its insertion will be located directly at the plane R with minimal movement (sliding) of the angle E along KN 10 or without such movement. The separator is used, preferably directing the strip to zone G with the lower part of the RC.

If the RK of the strip is not directed to zone G, then even when the strip is introduced in a plane, when it (the plane) intersects the holder, but not in the axial section, the end of the strip and the strip itself may go beyond the holder 9 or end up on the end of the KN 10 with side of the handle 8 or behind the part 6 to be removed. If the end (end) of the strip gets into the inner end of the ring knife 10 (from the side of the handle 8) means that the strip 1 goes beyond the border of the slot 39, which will lead to the impossibility of turning and separating the cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7, t .To. it will be jammed by a strip that is simultaneously located both in this part 6 and outside the border of the slot 39 in zone Z.

The introduction of the strip at an angle, especially in the planes of the axial sections of the ring knife 10, ensures its interaction with a larger in width and area zone (section) of the cylindrical part 6, separated from the fruit 7 (from zone Z) - compared to the introduction of the strip parallel (alongwise) holder 9 or along the Q axis. When introducing the strip with an angle, part of it from the end is located on one side of the center line Q (in accordance with Fig. 10a - on the left and at the bottom of the detachable cylindrical part 6), and the rest is located on the opposite side from the Q axis – at the top of this part 6 (from the handle 2 side). This ensures a more uniform impact of the strip on the part 6 that is rotated and separated by it, as well as on a larger area of part 6, which significantly increases the reliability of turning and separating part 6 from the fruit 7 - while simultaneously turning the separators S1-S6 with the Special Knife K, even when using a narrow band. The narrower the strip, the less force it takes to insert it into the fruit.

The use of inclined insertion of the strip makes it possible to reduce the width of the strip and, as a result, reduce the overall force of inserting it into the fetus. Reducing the length of the cutting edge of the strip reduces the likelihood of it touching partitions and seeds, which create significantly greater resistance to introducing the separator into them.

Narrow strips can also be used when working with Special Knives K, whose ring knives have a smaller diameter. It has been experimentally established that when a narrow strip is introduced not at an angle φ, but parallel to the Q axis, the specified conditions for rotation of the separated part 6 and the operation of the separator worsen, even if the strip is introduced in the plane of the axial sections and those close to them.

During testing of the separators, it was found that when a strip is inserted into the fruit in close proximity to the cylindrical slot 39 (at a distance from the axial section plane), removing part 6 from KN 10 can be difficult. Since when pulling the strip (with part 6) from the KN 10, a small narrow fragment of part 6 located between the strip and the cylindrical slot 39 may be removed, and not the entire removed part 6. In this case, after removing the unsuccessfully inserted strip from the fruit and repeating it input, the removed part 6 is divided into four elements, after which the protrusions are no longer able to remove the entire part 6 from the CN 10. As a result, the removal of all elements of the part 6 from the CN 10 becomes more difficult.

When introducing a strip in the plane of the axial section of KN 10, as shown, for example, in Fig. 10a – 11, the best conditions for influencing the removable part 6 of the protrusions 15, 16 are provided when they are made in different directions (as in Fig. 1). Since the thickness of the removable part 6 on both sides of the strip will be equal, the formation of the above-mentioned narrow fragment of part 6 is eliminated. A strip introduced in the axial section has a less destructive effect on the removable cylindrical part 6, which can be used for serving or preparing dishes.

Strip 1 (Fig. 1) can be inserted into the fruit in some cases without the above-mentioned inclination relative to the Q axis or flat. For example, when removing the core from small apples and in other cases where easy aiming is ensured when inserting the strip into the fruit.

Effective separation of the fruit core at any required depth, corresponding to the depth of insertion of the ring knife 10 of the Special Knife K, using the proposed separator and the Special Knife K is carried out at any required position of the strip of separators S1-S6 inserted into the fruit - at any location (rotation) relative to the Q axis (Fig. . 10a) or axis V (Fig. 1), in any plane, with any inclination. The main condition for this is that the end (end) of the strip of separators S1-S6 inserted into the fruit does not fall on the inner end of the ring knife 10 (from the handle 8 side), but is located inside the ring knife 10, and also that the end of the strip inserted flat did not fall on the surface of the holder 9 (after which it will no longer be possible to move it further to the working position of the strip). But the most convenient and productive, as well as with less damage to the removed part 6, separators are used when introducing their strips into the fruit at an angle and in planes passing through the Q axis and closest to them, and at the same time through the G zone.

Inserting the strip into the fruit to a depth greater than its working part is irrational, because this may impair or make it impossible for the separator to function. In this case, the zone Z of the fruit 7 outside the cylindrical slot 39 (located on the side of the handle 2, Fig. 10a) can be touched and damaged by the side 5 of the inclined strip of the separator when it is inserted into the fruit to a depth greater than the length of the working part of the strip. Such damage can occur when strip 30 is inserted into the fruit beyond mark 35 (Fig. 11), when the expanding part of strip 30 (in Fig. 11 - behind mark 35 from the side of handle 2) goes beyond the border of the cylindrical slot 39 and crashes into zone Z Zone Z can also be damaged by the curved part 13 (Fig. 2) or 14 (Fig. 3) when strip 1 is inserted too deeply into the fruit - beyond mark 35. This will prevent joint rotation, for example, of separator S5 and Special Knife K (Fig. 11) or will lead to blocking of the separator or to a significant increase in the rotation force of the separator S5 and the Special Knife K relative to the Q axis or may lead to the destruction of the fruit 7. Inserting a strip into the fruit to a depth greater than in the working position leads to the removal of only a small part of the fruit behind the ring knife 10, since it does not ensure complete separation of part 6 from the fruit 7.

If the end (end) of the strip is not inclined, but perpendicular to the working edge 4 of the strip (at an angle γ = 90°), then using the separator in this case is less convenient for the following reasons. When making notch 39, it is important not to touch the sepal pit at the bottom of this notch in the apple, because Juice will flow out through the formed channel when apples are baked. The end perpendicular to the strip without tilting at an angle γ in the working position of the separator and the most convenient inclined position of the strip for removing part 6 will extend beyond the boundary of the cutting edge R - with a greater probability of hitting the pit in the apple. To avoid this, you need to insert the strip into the fruit not to the full working depth, but several millimeters less. This is less convenient and in this case the recess 39 will be smaller, which is less preferable, for example, when stuffing. Therefore, it is more convenient to use separators with a strip having an inclined end - at an angle γ equal to or less than the angle γ = 90°–φ.

The separator performs its functions at any angle of inclination of the end of the strip. It works stably both at large angles γ of inclination of the end of the strip, including at γ = 90°, and at small values of the angle γ = 30-69°. But at small angles γ, the operating conditions of the sharp end E and its interaction with the inner surface of the holder 9 and KN 10 are significantly worsened, the stability of the formation of a flat bottom of the recess 39 is reduced. This has a very negative effect at the minimum specified values of the angles γ, especially in combination with the curved shape of the RK ´ end. If, after removing part 6, it turns out that it is necessary to carry out additional removal of the core at a greater depth, then in this case, with a pointed end, such removal is impossible; this can only be done with values of γ close to the values of γ = 90°–φ, i.e. ., with an end having a minimum slope corresponding to the slope of the strip. It is difficult for the consumer to re-sharpen the sharp end at home. The conditions for removing part 6 from the KN 10 also worsen if using the protrusions it was not possible to remove part 6 from the KN 10. For convenient and quick removal of part 6 from the KN 10 by pressing the end of the strip on the end of part 6, the inclination angle γ of the end must be larger. . As was established experimentally, with a large inclination of the end (i.e., at small angles γ of its inclination), the sharper end cuts into the removed part 6. This significantly worsens the conditions for its removal from KN 10, because the sharp end “falls” into the end of part 6 pressed through KN 10 or divides it into several pieces, so they have to be removed in several steps.

For effective operation of the separator with special knives K available on the market and to reduce the effort of inserting the strip into the fruit, it is preferable to have the end (RK) positioned with the working position of strip 1 in the cutting plane R KN 10 (Fig. 1) or with it tilted towards handle 2 no less, than by 1-3°. For this, the recommended values are γ = 70-88°.

It has been experimentally established that the most efficient and reliable operation of the separator in most cases is ensured by inserting the strip into the fruit at an angle in the axial planes of KN 10 and close to them, which pass through the holder 9, and such insertion is not excluded in any case when using separator

Therefore, the parameters of the working part of the strip, primarily its width (without taking into account the protrusions, if they protrude beyond the strip), are determined (limited) primarily based on the internal diameter of the ring knife 10 and the cylindrical slot 39 formed by it in the fruit 7, and based on from the possibility of introducing the strip in the indicated manner - with an inclination and with the condition that when the separator is in working position, the working part of the strip cannot touch the zone Z (behind the cylindrical slot 39) outside the removable part 6. This will allow the use of separators with any location of the strip in the removable part 6 in depending on the preferred working methods of users.

Taking into account the above and below explanations, the band parameters have the following effects:

strip width - on the strip insertion force, on the possibility of inserting the strip at an angle φ, rotation relative to the V axis, as well as in any other position - for reliable and comfortable work with the separator;

strip length - on functionality, convenience and safety of working with the separator;

strip thickness - on the amount of strip insertion force, on the convenience and efficiency of the separator.

When tested with Special Knives K of different designs, separators with the following parameters of the working part of the strip showed good performance:

thickness 0.5-3 mm, width 5-13 mm, length 75-120 mm, sharpening angle U = 20-120°.

Reliable operation of separators with most of the Special Knives K available for sale is ensured with the following parameters of the working part of the strip:

thickness 0.8-1.5 mm, width 7-10 mm, length 75-100 mm. U = 20-90°.

From the point of view of manufacturability and ease of operation of the separators, the optimal parameters of the working part of the strip for removing the blind part from the fruit are the following:

thickness 0.8-1.2 mm, width 9-10 mm, length 80-95 mm. U = 30-60°.

The width of a curved strip (for example, pos. 32, Fig. 3) is taken to be its maximum width along the working length of the strip - from the RC to mark 35.

Such parameters of the strip ensure efficient and convenient operation of the separators in conjunction with the majority of Special Knives K available on the market and allow the removal of its part 6 from fruits at a depth of up to 80 (95) mm, which corresponds to the distance from the edge R to the handle 8 of most Special Knives K. The predominant part Special knives K available for sale have a distance from the edge R to the handle 8 of approximately 80 mm; a distance of 95-100 mm is less common.

It is more convenient to use strips with a thickness of 1.8-1.2 mm; larger thicknesses - up to 3 mm - are advisable to use for plastic strips, for example, when producing strips by 3-D printing.

With the specified parameters, the proposed separator can be successfully used for effective separation and subsequent removal of the non-through part from different fruits at any position of the strip inserted into the fruit - without tilting and with tilting.

To prevent the strip 1, 30, 31 from going out in its inclined position (Fig. 10a) beyond the cylindrical part 6 of the fruit 7, it is preferable to make the width of the strip no more than 40-60% of the internal diameter of the ring knife 10. With a diameter of KN 10 approximately equal to 19 mm a strip more than 10-12 mm wide worsens the conditions for extracting part 6 from KN 10 - since it can destroy part 6 into two halves, and only one of them can be removed from the fruit, with which the protrusions interact, if they are made one-sided.

With a larger width, the efforts to introduce strips 1, 30, 31 into the fruit increase. In addition, it becomes more difficult or impossible to insert the strip into the fruit at an angle within the removed cylindrical part 6 (Fig. 10a) - since this increases the likelihood of the strip leaving the cylindrical part 6 from the side of the handle 2 (into the Z zone of the apple 7) . In this case, the strip 1, 30, 31 will interact not only with the cylindrical part 6, but also with the rest of the Z part of the apple 7 when turning the handles 2 and 8. A larger value of the width of the specified range may be required for a smaller thickness of the strip.

With smaller widths, the strength of the strip is reduced, especially with a smaller thickness, as well as when protrusions 15-18 are made in it in the form of bends with slots 19. As a result, the probability of deformation of the strip increases, the efficiency and the ability to turn the cylindrical part with a strip having a smaller area are reduced. 6 fruit 7 that needs to be removed. It also makes it more difficult to make the projections of this structure.

More stable and comfortable operation of the separator with minimal damage to the removed part 6 occurs when using a strip with a thickness of 0.8-1 mm. This ensures both the strength of the strip and less effort to insert it into the fruit. Stable operation of the separator is observed with a strip thickness in the range of at least 0.5 to 3 mm, and even with greater thickness. However, with thicknesses of 1.5 mm or more, the effort to insert the strip into the fruit increases, and the removed part 6 is destroyed more. In this case, the production of protrusions in the form of bends 15-18 or bends 23-25 also becomes more complicated. With a thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm, the strength of the strip is reduced, and the likelihood of its deformation or fracture is greater, especially in the areas where the protrusions are located.

If the thickness and/or width of the strip 1 is small, its strength can be increased by manufacturing a longitudinal corrugation-stiffener d (Fig. 1) in it - for part of the strip 1 or for its entire length and, if necessary, with a continuation of the corrugation in the handle 2.

If the working length of the strip is less than 80 mm, the depth of the recess 39 formed in the apple 7 is reduced, especially when using the separator in conjunction with Special Knives K, which are widespread on the market. In this case, it is also not guaranteed that the entire central part of large apples and pears will be removed from seeds and partitions. After several sharpenings of the end of the strip, the depth of the grooves 39 will be even less.

The longer length of the strip allows for repeated sharpening while maintaining the required length of the strip and the ability to make a notch 39 in the fruit of maximum depth. In addition, the long strip will allow it to be directed and fixed in the groove J of the handle 8 of the Special Knife K when the groove J is specially made in the handle 8 of the appropriate design (Fig. 12).

When the length of strip 1 exceeds 100 mm, the separator is less convenient and less safe to use, especially when used in conjunction with most commercially available Special Knives for apple coring. A longer strip can either extend beyond the ring knife 10, preventing the separator from rotating together with Special Knife K, or it can put pressure on the fingers when pressing the separator to the handle of Special Knife K. The strength of the strip may also decrease.

The shape of strip 1 can be not only rectangular (Fig. 1), but also in the form of a converging or diverging trapezoid, curly or any arbitrary shape (not shown) within the dimensions indicated above. The cross-section of strip 1 can be any - rectangular, as in Fig. 1, wedge-shaped, diamond-shaped and others (not shown). The smaller the cross-section of the strip, the easier it is to insert into the fetus. The most preferable and also technologically advanced version of the separator strip is to make strip 1 with a constant cross-section along the length (rectangular, as in Fig. 1) or with a predominant constant cross-section, for example, with sharpening 29 along most of the length of the longitudinal edge of strip 1 of constant thickness , as in Fig. 10a.

Geometric and other parameters of the strip of the proposed separator, its shape, bending (at angle α, Fig. 2 or β, Fig. 3), slope and shape of the end (angle γ, Fig. 4), design and number of protrusions 15-25, their combination , the presence of a chamfer 28 (Fig. 5), cutouts 33, 34 (Fig. 8), the shape and design of the handle 2, the presence of stops 12 and P are selected and depend on the purpose of the separator and the order of its use, including - complete with which Special knives K and for what fruits (products) it will be used, as well as on the properties of the material from which the separators are made and the technology for their manufacture.

Depending on the density of the fruit and in other cases, the separator (strip 1) can be used in a 180° inverted position, for example, separators with a symmetrical handle - S1 (Fig. 1) or S3 (Fig. 3) - compared to their positions, shown in the figures below.

To increase the volume of the removed part in the fruit, for example, to place the filling, several cylindrical cutouts are alternately made in them. For each of the cuts, repeat the same described actions with the separators as when removing the core. The removed cylindrical parts of the fruit can be used to decorate other dishes, especially when inserting a strip in the planes of the axial sections KN 10. The separator can be used to separate and remove part of the fruit at any depth from 8-10 mm, as well as to re-remove the part fetus - increasing the depth of the excavation if, during the initial removal of part of the fetus, its depth turned out to be insufficient.

The special knife K can be used of a different design, for example, with a large diameter KN, with holders of different designs, for example, with cross-sections of different lengths, detachable pincer type, without a ring knife, when the cutting edge is formed by the end of the holder and its edges, etc. (not shown) . When using a ring knife of a larger diameter, a large part of the fruit can be removed at a time, for example, for stuffing it.

The proposed method and device can be used for non-through removal of part of the core not only of apples and pears, but also of cucumbers, eggplants, zucchini, and other vegetables and fruits. The presence of protrusions allows the separator to effectively remove the part cut from the fruit from the ring knife, which significantly increases the ease of use of the separator and speeds up the fruit processing process. When using sharpening of the longitudinal edge of the strip, the functionality of the separator increases, which can be used as a regular small knife.

The proposed separator can also be used to remove completely cut-out cores from fruits from the ring knife KN 10 - when using the Special Knife K for its original purpose, i.e., when removing the core through the core.

The proposed method and device can be used both at home and in catering establishments - cafes, restaurants, etc.

Claims (7)

1. A device for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product, containing a handle with a longitudinal element made in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, and the maximum transverse size of the handle is greater than the width of the strip, characterized in that the cutting edge is made on both sides sharpening, while on the longitudinal edge of the strip from the end side a bevel is made without sharpening, and the working part of the strip has the following parameters: width 7-13 mm, length 75-110 mm, thickness 0.7-3 mm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the surface of the handle from the edge of the strip has a concave or flat shape. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the edges of the strip is sharpened. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the edge of the strip and the surface of the handle adjacent to it are located at the same level. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 50% of the end of the strip is located at an angle of 70-88° relative to the working edge of the strip. 6. A method for separating a non-through cylindrical part removed from a product, which consists in inserting into the product to an incomplete depth an annular knife of a fruit core remover, placed on a cylindrical holder with a handle, which has a sectional shape of part of a circular arc, with the cutting edge a ring knife forms a cylindrical slot in the product, inside which a cylindrical part of the product is placed, intended for removal, after which a longitudinal element of a device is inserted into the cylindrical part for separating a non-through cylindrical part to be removed from the product, containing a handle with a longitudinal element made in the form of a strip with a cutting edge at the end, then turn the core remover together with the strip, tearing off the cylindrical part from the rest of the product, after which the annular knife of the core remover with the removed cylindrical part and the strip located in it is removed from the product, and the maximum transverse size of the device handle is greater than strip width, characterized in that the cutting edge of the strip is made with double-sided sharpening, while on the longitudinal edge of the strip from the end side there is a bevel without sharpening, and the working part of the strip has the following parameters: width 7-13 mm, length 75-110 mm, thickness 0 .7-3 mm, wherein said strip is made independent from the core remover and is inserted into the removed cylindrical part at an angle relative to the axis of the annular knife so that the cutting edge of the strip is directed to the inner surface of the annular knife between its cutting edge and the surface, bordering the holder, while the strip is placed in a zone from minus 5 mm to plus 5 mm on both sides of the axis of the ring knife and at an angle from minus 5° to plus 5° relative to the axis located in the plane of the strip perpendicular to the length of the strip. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cylindrical part is removed from the ring knife in the direction of the core remover handle by impacting the cylindrical part with the side or end part of the strip.