RU2818612C1 - Yurt frame construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of erecting a yurt frame. Method of yurt frame construction, including dome construction, roof consisting of radially arranged rafters, connected by one end with a central ring having a dome structure covered with a transparent plastic sheet, made with possibility of lifting for ventilation, and another with lattice wall installed in a circle, assembled from intersecting racks, a frame, tightened along the perimeter by a metal cable with a turnbuckle, a door. Roof and walls are covered with fabric and heat insulation materials fastened with belts. Roof are made to form a side surface of cone, upper part of which is made as a central ring, made in the form of a dome window, forming cone side surface upper part, consisting of two horizontal rings, lower and upper, glued from wooden segments by "tenon-groove" connection, interconnected by radial bars-imposts. Connection of imposts in the upper ring is performed with a "tenon-groove" lock, wherein the tenon on the impost is made at an angle to the body of the impost, which is equal to the angle of the roof, and the impost is connected to the lower ring by a stop in it and an inclined surface on it, the roof cut off at an angle of inclination. All wooden elements of the dome window are made with high-strength waterproof PVA adhesive Kleiberit 303.0. Top ring hole is covered with acrylic dome in the form of a segment of a ball with stiffening ribs. Acrylic dome is pre-fixed on an additional wooden ring, on the inner side of which a circle is glued with a sealing tape, and then, using a butterfly loop, at a point on the windward side with a wind rose maximum vector, the acrylic dome is fixed to the upper ring, in the side opposite to the loop, an automatic dome lifter with a control panel is installed for ventilation. Yurt frame is covered with a cover made from a finished double-thread, which acts as wallpaper in the yurt, in the form of connected: the side surface of the truncated cone of the roof to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, combining the cutouts in the cover for the door and the windows of the yurt, two-thread cloth cover is covered with a layer of hollow fiber insulation. Insulation material is covered with covers from tarpaulin or Oxford cloth, and the wall mesh elements are connected to each other and the rafters are fixed on the wall using metal plates and self-tapping screws.

EFFECT: higher operational reliability.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to the field of construction of temporary mobile prefabricated structures, which can be used as permanent or temporary housing, as well as all-season premises for tourist services.

State of the art

A known object is the frame of a yurt - a prefabricated dwelling (patent RU 123429 IPC E04B 1/343. Published: 12/27/2012 Bulletin No. 36), containing a dome, a roof consisting of radially arranged poles connected at one end to the central post, the other - with a lattice wall installed in a circle, assembled from intersecting slats fastened with belts, a door, and the roof is an umbrella-type structure, the central post of which is made in the form of a hollow metal pipe, on which two movable bushings with threaded holes are installed, the top of which is hinged connected to poles, the lower one is hingedly connected to supports, the other end of which is hinged to the poles, the slats of the lattice wall are interconnected by screw connections, while the supports, poles, dome and slats of the lattice wall are made of a polymer composite material.

The disadvantage of the known object is the low reliability of the frame structure under loads during its construction and use.

The closest known object is a yurt (patent RU 215593 MPK E04B 1/343. Published: 12/20/2022 Bulletin No. 35), consisting of a wooden frame, and the frame is tied around the perimeter with a metal cable with a lanyard and contains a solid sliding wall, the light-smoke hoop has a dome the structure is made of volume-shaped supporting rings, glazed with transparent sheet plastic; the thermal insulation of the walls and roof is made using a vapor-permeable waterproof and windproof membrane located on an intermediate cover under the outer cover, while the yurt is designed to be placed on a square base located on the foundation.

The disadvantage of the closest object is the low reliability of the frame structure in terms of loads during its construction and use.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result is to increase the reliability of the frame structure according to the range of loads during its construction and use.

This technical result is achieved in a method for constructing a yurt frame, including the construction of a dome, a roof consisting of radially arranged rafters connected at one end to a central ring having a dome structure covered with transparent sheet plastic, designed to be lifted for ventilation, and the other to a lattice wall , installed in a circle, assembled from intersecting slats, a frame tied around the perimeter with a metal cable with a lanyard, a door, while the roof and walls are covered with fabric and insulating materials, fastened with belts, and the roof is made in the form of a side surface of a cone, the upper part of which is made of a central ring , made in the form of a domed window forming the upper part of the side surface of the cone, consisting of two horizontal rings, lower and upper, glued from wooden segments in several rows with a tongue-and-groove lock, interconnected by radial impost bars at the angle of the roof, connection imposts in the upper ring are made with a special tongue-and-groove lock, while the tenon on the impost is made at an angle to the body of the impost equal to the angle of inclination of the roof, and the impost is connected to the lower ring by a stop in it and an inclined surface on it, cut at the angle of inclination of the roof , all wooden elements of the dome window are made with high-strength waterproof carpentry glue PVA D3 Kleiberit 303.0, the hole in the upper ring is covered with an acrylic dome in the form of a ball segment, along the surface of which stiffening ribs are made, the acrylic dome is pre-fixed to an additional wooden ring, on the inside of which sealed in a circle with sealing tape, and then using a butterfly loop at a point on the windward side with the maximum wind rose vector, secured to the upper ring, an automatic dome lift with a control panel is installed on the side opposite to the loop for ventilation; the frame of the yurt is covered with a cover made of two-thread finished material, which acts as wallpaper in the yurt, in the form of connected: the side surface of the truncated cone of the roof to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, combining the cutouts in the cover for the door and windows of the yurt, a cover made of double-threads are covered with a layer of holofiber insulation, a non-woven material consisting of spring-like hollow polyester fiber, in the form of sectors of the fabric, connected with an overlap, first on the wall of the yurt, and then on the roof, the insulation is covered with covers made of tarpaulin or oxford, and the connections of the wall mesh elements with each other and The rafters are fixed to the wall using metal plates and self-tapping screws.

Distinctive features are:

the roof is made in the form of the side surface of a cone, the upper part of which is made of a central ring, made in the form of a domed window, forming the upper part of the side surface of the cone, consisting of two horizontal rings, lower and upper, glued from wooden segments in several rows with a tongue-and-groove lock ", connected to each other by radial bars of imposts at the angle of the roof, the connection of the imposts in the upper ring is made with a special tongue-and-groove lock, while the tenon on the impost is made at an angle to the body of the impost, equal to the angle of inclination of the roof, and the impost is connected to the lower ring by a stop into it and the inclined surface on it cut at an angle of the roof, all wooden elements of the dome window are made with high-strength waterproof PVA wood glue D3 Kleiberit 303.0, this technological solution increases the reliability of the frame structure in terms of room illumination and power loads from wind and snow in the process its use;

the hole in the upper ring is covered with an acrylic dome in the form of a ball segment, along the surface of which stiffening ribs are made, the acrylic dome is pre-fixed to an additional wooden ring, on the inside of which it is glued in a circle with sealing tape, and then using a butterfly loop at a point on the windward side with with the maximum vector of the wind rose, fixed to the upper ring, an automatic dome lift with a control panel is installed on the side opposite from the loop for ventilation, this increases the reliability of the frame in terms of room illumination, power loads and aerology of the room during its use;

the frame of the yurt is covered with a cover made of two-thread finished material, which acts as wallpaper in the yurt, in the form of connected: the side surface of the truncated cone of the roof to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, combining the cutouts in the cover under the door and windows of the yurt, this solution increases the reliability of the frame in terms of room illumination and fire safety during its use;

a double-thread cover is covered with a layer of holofiber insulation, a non-woven material consisting of a spring-like hollow polyester fiber, in the form of sectors of fabric connected overlapping, first on the wall of the yurt, and then on the roof, this increases the reliability of the frame in terms of the temperature microclimate of the room during its use;

the insulation is covered with covers made of tarpaulin or oxford, and the connections of the wall mesh elements to each other and the fixation of the rafters to the wall are done using metal plates and self-tapping screws, which increases the reliability of the frame in relation to the hydrotechnical microclimate of the room during its use.

A comparison of the proposed solution with an analogue and a prototype did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, which allows us to conclude that it meets the “novelty” criterion.

Brief description of the drawings

In fig. Figure 1 shows a horizontal view of the yurt frame without covers and insulation from the top, including: 1 - a sheet in the opening between the mullions of the dome window with a hole for the ventilation system; 2 - acrylic dome; 3 - sheet in the opening of a domed window made of tin sheet; 4 - hole for the chimney system; 5 - lower horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 6 - sheet of cellular polycarbonate in the opening of the dome window; 7 - stiffeners on the acrylic dome; 8 - holofiber insulation; 9 - tie-down steel cable; 10 - lattice sliding wall made of slats; 11 - outer cover made of tarpaulin or oxford; 12 - radial wooden block-impost of a dome window, covered with a casing; 13 - upper horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 14 - radial rafters.

In fig. 2 shows a local section A on a scale of 15:1 from Fig. 1, including: 8 - holofiber insulation; 10 - sliding wall made of slats; 11 - outer cover made of tarpaulin or oxford; 15 - two-thread finished, acting as wallpaper in the yurt; 16 - external rail of the sliding wall.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a local section B perpendicular to the impost on a scale of 15:1 from Fig. 1, including: 6 - a sheet of cellular polycarbonate in the opening of the dome window; 12 - radial wooden block-impost of a dome window; 17 - platband covering the joints of sheets of cellular polycarbonate; 18 - joint of cellular polycarbonate sheets sealed with weather-resistant sealant.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a local section B along the impost on a scale of 5:1 from Fig. 1, including: 5 - lower horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 6 - sheet of cellular polycarbonate in the opening of the dome window; 12 - radial wooden block impost of a dome window; 13 - upper horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 17 - platband covering the joints of sheets of cellular polycarbonate; 19 - an impost tenon that fits into a groove in the upper horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 20 - groove in the upper horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 21 - angle of inclination of the tenon, relative to the edge of the impost, in the groove of the upper wooden ring; 22 - angle of inclination of the impost cut, when connected to the lower horizontal wooden ring of the dome window; 23 - connection with glue, rows of rings; 24 - groove, in the lower wooden ring, for connecting the rafters; 25 - a recess in the upper layer of the upper ring, for the secret installation of polycarbonate sheets.

Carrying out the invention

An example of the invention. Initially, parts of the prefabricated room are made. Elements of a sliding lattice wall are made from bars fixed staggered in two directions with bolted connections. The basis of the roof frame, which is the structure of the side surface of the cone, is a central ring made in the form of a domed window. The dome window is made from two horizontal rings, lower 5 and upper 13, glued together 23 from wooden segments in several rows. The segments are connected in one plane to each other using a special tongue-and-groove lock. Optimal for reliability is three rows. Rings 5 and 13 are connected to each other by radial bars with imposts 12, in the amount of 8 pieces, at the angle of the roof. The impost is designed to divide the window into parts [3]. The connection of the imposts 12 in the upper ring 13 is made with a special tongue-and-groove lock 20, while the tenon 19 on the impost is made at an angle 21 to the body of the impost, equal to the angle of inclination of the roof, and the impost 12 is connected to the lower ring 5 by a stop in it and an inclined surface on it, the roof is cut at an angle of 22, all wooden elements of the dome window are made with a high-strength carpentry waterproof adhesive 23 PVA D3 Kleiberit 303.0. The formed openings in the window between the imposts 12 are covered with individual cellular polycarbonate trapezoidal sheets 6, in a secret recess 25 in the top layer of the upper ring 13. The joints 18 in the window are sealed with weather-resistant sealant and fixed on top with platbands 17. Cellular polycarbonate has an increased heat transfer resistance of 3.6 W/ m ² ⋅°С with a sheet thickness of 8 mm [4]. Additionally, a hole 1 is made in one polycarbonate sheet for the ventilation system, and in another opening a segment of tin sheet 3 is installed with a hole 4 for the chimney system. The hole in the upper ring 13 is covered with an acrylic dome 2 made in the form of a ball segment, along the surface of which there are stiffening ribs 7. To create an interior interior and design, as wallpaper in a yurt, a cover for the frame is made from a two-thread coated 15 in the form of connected: the side surface of a truncated the roof cone to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, aligning the cutouts in the cover for the door and windows of the yurt. Finished double thread is a harsh double thread consisting of 35% cotton and 65% polyester fibers with a weight of 200 g/m. kv, subjected to processing, due to which it does not shrink, does not burn, is not subject to rotting, practically does not wrinkle, and has high wear resistance [5]. The use of such material increases the reliability of the frame in terms of illumination of the yurt room and fire safety during its use. To create a temperature microclimate in the yurt, a layer of insulation 8 is made in the form of sectors of fabric, overlapped on the wall and then on the roof of the yurt, made of holofiber, a non-woven material consisting of spring-like hollow polyester fiber [6]. To increase the reliability of the yurt frame, depending on the hydrotechnical microclimate of the room during its operation, the insulation is covered with tarpaulin or oxford covers, and the connections of the wall mesh elements to each other and the fixation of the rafters to the wall are done using metal plates and self-tapping screws.

The installation of the yurt frame is carried out on a prepared base in the form of a podium, representing a round floor according to the diameter of the yurt. A central ring in the form of a domed window is placed in the middle of the podium. Place the doorway at the edge of the podium and fix the block with self-tapping screws. If necessary, windows are installed in the wall of the yurt. Then install the lattice sliding wall element 10 and fix it with metal plates and screws to the door or window, as well as to the next wall element 10. On the bottom side of the dome window, two T-shaped posts are fixed with screws, if necessary for a high dome, posts maybe four. Turn over and center the central ring in the form of a domed window in the middle of the yurt podium. The rafters 14 are installed with a narrow end into special rectangular recesses in the form of a groove 24 in the middle of the lower horizontal wooden ring 5 of the dome window, and with a wide end they are fixed into the crosshairs of the slats of the lattice wall 10 using metal plates and self-tapping screws. On door and window blocks, rafters 14 are fixed with self-tapping screws. Between the inner rail of the lattice wall 10 and the outer rail 16, a steel cable 9 is passed along the perimeter and tightened with a lanyard. The prepared wooden frame is stretched and fixed at the top with a stapler: to the wooden ring 5 of the dome window, a cover made of two-thread finished 15 in the form of connected: the side surface of the truncated cone of the roof to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, aligning the cutouts in cover and fixing them to the door and window blocks in the wall of the yurt. At the bottom of the frame, a cover made of two-thread coated 15 is passed between the outer side of the outer rail 16 of the lattice wall 10 and the curb of the podium to create a beautiful interior from the inside of the yurt and prevent moisture from absorbing from the outside, and the rail 16 is also fixed at intervals with 4x24 mm self-tapping screws from the side of the curb. A layer of insulation 8 in the form of pre-prepared sectors of the fabric is placed on a fixed cover made of two-thread coated 15. Moreover, it is initially laid on the lattice wall 10, overlapping the sectors of the canvas, and fixed with a stapler to the radial rafters 14, and then a layer of insulation 8 is laid on the radial rafters 14, overlapping the sectors of the canvas on the roof and wall, and also fixed with a stapler to the wooden ring 5 of the dome window. This design of the device increases the reliability of the frame in terms of the temperature microclimate of the room during its use. On the insulation layer 8, a manufactured moisture-proof layer and an outer cover 11 made of tarpaulin or oxford material are initially laid on the lattice wall 10 and fixed with a stapler at the top to the radial rafters 14, and then the moisture-proof layer and the outer cover 11 are laid on the radial rafters 14, aligning overlap with the layer on the wall and fix it with a stapler to the wooden ring 5 of the dome window. Around the door and window blocks, the moisture-proof layer and the outer cover 11 are fixed with a stapler and sheathed with platbands. A special feature of its design is the seamlessly sewn cover. Hooks with rings for flat slings are screwed into the door and window blocks at the top, middle and bottom. Then they are installed by tensioning the flat slings at the appropriate level. The lower sling is additionally secured to the podium with 4x25 mm self-tapping screws through a plastic mounting washer. Such fastening of the device structure increases the reliability of the frame against dynamic wind effects during its use. Sheets 6 of the cellular polycarbonate segment are installed on the trapezoidal openings of the domed window; a ventilation system is pre-installed on one of the sheets 1. If there is a wood-burning stove in the yurt, a tin sheet 3 is inserted onto the other trapezoidal window opening, in which a hole 4 is cut out for the chimney system. Sheets 6, 1, 3 are fixed on top with platband 17 and joints 18 are treated with sealant. The hole in the upper ring 13 is covered with an acrylic dome 2 in the form of a ball segment, along the surface of which there are stiffening ribs 7, pre-attached to an additional wooden ring. An additional ring with an acrylic dome 2 attached to it is glued on the inside in a circle with sealing tape, and then, using a butterfly loop at a point on the windward side with the maximum wind rose vector, it is secured to the upper ring 13, and installed on the side opposite to the loop automatic dome lift with remote control for ventilation.

Thus, the proposed technology increases the reliability of the frame structure over a whole range of loads during its construction and long-term use.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 123429 IPC E04B 1/343. Published: December 27, 2012 Bulletin. No. 36;

2. Patent RU 215593 IPC E04B 1/343. Published: 12/20/2022 Bulletin. No. 35;

3. Design of wooden windows (skandiokna.com) https://www.skandiokna.com/poleznaya-informatsiya/konstruktsiya-derevyannykh-okon/

4. Cellular polycarbonate - technical characteristics

https://teplica-exp.ru/sotovyy-polikarbonat-tekhnicheskie-kha/?ysclid=lhms6j6ixp580190035

5. Double thread finished

https://yandex.ru/search/?text=%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE% D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0% BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE&lr=212153&clid=2411726&src=suggest_B;

6. Hollofayber - material: filler, description of types (textiletrend.ru) tps://textiletrend.ru/netkanyie/sinteticheskie/harakteristika-hollofaybera.html?ysclid=lhljzecmo0540205450.

Claims (1)

A method for constructing a yurt frame, including the construction of a dome, a roof consisting of radially located rafters connected at one end to a central ring having a dome structure covered with transparent sheet plastic, designed to be lifted for ventilation, and the other with a lattice wall installed in a circle, assembled from intersecting slats, a frame tied around the perimeter by a metal cable with a lanyard, a door, while the roof and walls are covered with fabric and insulating materials, fastened with belts, characterized in that the roof is made in the form of a side surface of a cone, the upper part of which is made of a central ring, made in the form of a domed window forming the upper part of the side surface of the cone, consisting of two horizontal rings - lower and upper, glued together from wooden segments in several rows with a tongue-and-groove lock, interconnected by radial impost bars at the angle of the roof, connection imposts in the upper ring are made with a special tongue-and-groove lock, while the tenon on the impost is made at an angle to the body of the impost equal to the angle of inclination of the roof, and the impost is connected to the lower ring by a stop in it and an inclined surface on it cut at an angle of inclination of the roof, all wooden elements of the dome window are made with high-strength waterproof carpentry adhesive PVA D3 Kleiberit 303.0, the hole in the upper ring is covered with an acrylic dome in the form of a ball segment, along the surface of which there are stiffening ribs, the acrylic dome is pre-fixed to an additional wooden ring, on the inside of which the circle is sealed with sealing tape, and then, using a butterfly loop, at a point on the windward side with the maximum vector of the compass rose, it is secured to the upper ring; on the side opposite to the loop, an automatic dome lift with a control panel is installed for ventilation; the frame of the yurt is covered with a cover made of two-thread finished material, which acts as wallpaper in the yurt, in the form of connected: the side surface of the truncated cone of the roof to the central ring in the form of a window, and the side surface of the cylinder around the lattice wall, combining the cutouts in the cover for the door and windows of the yurt, a cover made of double-threads are covered with a layer of holofiber insulation, a non-woven material consisting of spring-like hollow polyester fiber, in the form of sectors of the fabric, connected with an overlap, first on the wall of the yurt, and then on the roof, the insulation is covered with covers made of tarpaulin or oxford, and the connections of the wall mesh elements with each other and The rafters are fixed to the wall using metal plates and self-tapping screws.