RU2818378C1 - Combat multicopter with cumulative projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to VTOL compact unmanned aerial vehicles. Combat multicopter with cumulative projectile includes a bearing part having bladed rotors with their rotation drives connected to the housing, an accumulator, a remote control system, a video camera and a warhead equipped with a cumulative projectile. Bearing part is made on the basis of multicopter weighing not more than one kilogram. Warhead is equipped with a sealed plastic casing installed in the lower zone of the housing of the bearing part with the possibility of disconnection. At least one cumulative charge weighing not more than 460 grams is installed in a sealed plastic casing. Warhead is equipped with a check valve, an electric detonator, a detonating cord and a control controller with a power element, which are connected to a cumulative charge. Combat multicopter remote control system is equipped with a receiving-transmitting device connected to the combat unit control controller. Total weight of the warhead does not exceed 700 grams.

EFFECT: reduced weight and dimensions, increased manoeuvrability, efficiency of target destruction.

2 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to aviation technology, in particular to compact combat high-speed unmanned aerial vehicles with the possibility of vertical take-off and landing, made on the basis of a multicopter (drone, multi-rotor vehicle, quadrocopter, etc.).

A drone (quadcopter) type device is known from the prior art, including four rotors (and an aerodynamically shaped fuselage, in which two rotors are located along the longitudinal axis of the fuselage and two rotors are located along the transverse axis of the fuselage (see WO2014108459, class A 63 N 27/00 ; V 64 S 27/20; V 64 S 39/02, published in 2014). navigation equipment for location determination, autonomous power supply (see RF utility model patent No. 128868, class B 64 D 47/00, published in 2013). Such small-sized drones are currently being widely developed and produced all over the world. Basically, these are highly maneuverable, high-speed, small-sized tracking devices with the ability to fly at high altitudes.

A small-sized mobile aviation system is known, containing unmanned aerial vehicles with an autonomous electric drive, a mobile container and a remote control system, in which the unmanned aerial vehicles are made in the form of vertical take-off platforms with rigid propeller fans and are equipped with an automatic landing system, and the mobile container is based on a car chassis and contains a group of these aircraft and is equipped with devices for providing them with energy for flight and the implementation of the takeoff and landing work cycle (see RF patent for invention No. 2015067, class B 64 C 29/02, published in 1994). Such an original device is characterized by increased mobility and efficiency, but does not allow solving issues of military operation in conditions where it is necessary to deliver a large number of compact multicopters to a combat zone.

An autonomous drone-perforator for delivering shaped charges into a well is known, which contains a receiving amplifier, a detonator and a detonating cord (see US2022333467, class E21B 33/068, published in 2022). This rather complex design ensures the delivery of a perforating machine into a well without a special cable and its return to the surface after hydraulic fracturing has been performed.

An autonomous warhead with a target coordinator is known, containing a housing, a shaped charge, a parachute, a power source, a target coordinator, a movement device in the form of a drone, ensuring its controlled movement in the horizontal and vertical planes, a hovering mode in the air, an autonomous guidance system, including connected comprises a motion control controller, a navigation system, a navigation system receiver, wherein the target coordinator contains a target parameters storage module, including an optical infrared target sensor, a magnetometric target sensor, connected to a target parameters storage unit, and the target coordinator is located in the guidance mechanism in such a way that a synchronous change in the position of the target coordinator and the shaped charge is ensured, while the shaped charge is installed in such a way that its longitudinal axis is located vertically during horizontal flight of the ammunition (see RF patent for invention No. 2576106, class F42B 10/00, publ. in 2014). And also a cluster warhead of a similar type of action (see RF patent for invention No. 2576196, class F42B 15/01, published in 2014). As well as autonomous tactical ammunition (see RF patent for invention No. 2577587, class F42B 10/00, published in 2014). All of these patents disclose the design of ammunition with a shaped charge for jet technology, which involves transferring the ammunition from the transport position to the combat position using a parachute and the subsequent autonomous movement of the ammunition towards the target using a screw mechanism (such as a drone) to destroy it. This complex system of “two-level” projectile delivery (first a rocket, then a drone) has several “weak” points that reduce the reliability and reliability of its operation.

A shaped charge is known that contains a body and an explosive charge, between which a layer of elastic inert material is placed, and at least one spiral groove is made on the surface of the explosive charge, and a layer of elastic inert material is placed at the end of the explosive charge, opposite to the lining (see. patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2456534, class F42B 1/02, published in 2011). The disadvantage of this technical solution is that to produce these shaped charges it is necessary to have special equipment and materials.

A cumulative action combat kit is known, containing several identical shaped charges with detonators placed in the sockets of a fastening device with fastening elements and a device for simultaneous actuation of the charges, and each shaped charge is made with a maximum diameter d corresponding to the standard caliber of a cartridge for smooth-bore weapons, and includes removable head part - a fairing with a built-in head fuse of contact action and a bottom fuse, pyrotechnically connected to the head fuse, while the internal diameter of the fastening device sockets is made equal to d (see RF patent for invention No. 2138005, class F42B 1/02, publ. in 1998). Such a combat kit would be difficult to use in a multicopter design due to the fact that it is large in size and weight.

An unmanned strike complex is known, containing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a satellite navigation system (SNS), a video camera, a control unit, a range finder, for example a laser, and electrically connected to the control unit installed in the UAV with a combat element made in the form of a directed-action munition of the type “impact core”, the UAV body allows you to extend the combat element from it while maintaining parallelism of their axes, and simultaneously with the extension of the warhead from the body of the unmanned aerial vehicle, an air brake is pulled down, creating resistance similar to the resistance of the warhead d (see patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2751562, class F41H 13/00, published in 2020). This complex is based on the use of aircraft-type UAVs, which have many restrictions on maneuverability.

There is known ammunition for an under-barrel grenade launcher with a combination of target detection and destruction modes, including a high-explosive fragmentation warhead with a fuse and a video camera and a load-bearing part; four grooves are provided in the wall of the load-bearing part housing, in which four folding supports with electric motors and screws are placed before launch, in the body of the bearing part there are ammunition control elements and a power source, on the shank of the body of the bearing part there is a combustion chamber with an igniter capsule, filled with a powder propellant charge, with an external profile for the pre-chamber of the grenade launcher barrel, and the warhead is fixed to the bearing part by an electromechanical disconnector, combustion chamber made replaceable, the ammunition is equipped with an additional video camera located at the end of the body of the load-bearing part, designed to operate when the warhead is separated (see RF patent for invention No. 2771508, class F42B 12/20, published in 2022). Such ammunition is placed on a quadcopter-type carrier part with the ability to detect a target and has a warhead with a propellant charge disconnector for detaching from the carrier part to hit the target. The ammunition is launched into the air using an under-barrel grenade launcher. The carrier part can be reused by attaching a new projectile to it.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a “flying” anti-tank mine containing a cumulative combat element, fixedly connected to a multicopter with a vertical axis of the cumulative lined funnel of the combat element with a horizontal position of the multicopter, electric propeller drives, a power supply, a control system at a safe distance onboard devices and an observation system, at least through technical vision, as well as a support and landing device oriented vertically downwards along the axis of the cumulative funnel at a distance of its peripheral part from the propellers in height, in which the combat element is connected to the multicopter with the cumulative funnel of the combat element oriented vertically up when the multicopter is in a horizontal position, opposite to the orientation of the support and landing device, with the possibility of repeated maneuvering take-offs and landings of the mine and hitting the target with it from the bottom and undercarriage of the latter from its ground position, and the electrical equipment and control system are made with the possibility of differentiated control of speed and direction rotation of misaligned propellers to enable maneuvering by turning the multicopter 180° (see. patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2628351, class. B64D 7/00, publ. in 2016). This technical solution has several disadvantages. One of them is the one-time use of the device, which does not provide for the possibility of saving the load-bearing part of the multicopter for further use. Due to the design features of anti-tank mines, to use them in a “flying” form, fairly large multicopters are needed: if the mine’s mass is about 6 kg (see, for example, http://saper.isnet.ra/mines/tm-72.html) , then to transport it you need a multicopter weighing at least 6 kg. But the larger the size of the multicopter, the lower its speed, maneuverability and flight range. In addition, such a flying mine has a high cost, so its one-time use is economically unjustified when its load-bearing part, the multicopter, is destroyed along with the mine. The shaped charge of an anti-tank mine has a seamless copper lining in the form of a hemisphere, which, when the mine is triggered, forms a cumulative jet of a large diameter cylindrical shape. Such a cumulative charge is considered to be the charge of a large hole (BO) and a small channel (depth) of penetration. Its armor penetration directly depends on the caliber (the larger the better) and the amount of explosive relative to the mass of the charge. Those. To increase the penetration depth of such a projectile, a multiple increase in its mass is required.

The technical problem is that the drones currently used in combat conditions (drones, quadcopters, multicopters) are designed to deliver to a target ammunition that is quite large in mass and size, and therefore have large dimensions, which significantly reduces their speed, maneuverability, altitude and range flight. At the same time, the efficiency of using a cumulative projectile is low due to their mass and design features.

The present invention is aimed at solving a technical problem, expanding combat capabilities, reducing the weight and dimensions of combat multicopters with cumulative projectiles while increasing speed, maneuverability, altitude and flight range, as well as the effectiveness of hitting a target.

The solution to the stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile, including a load-bearing part having horizontally located bladed rotors connected to the body with drives for their rotation, a battery, a remote control system, a video camera and a warhead mounted on the body of the load-bearing part and equipped with cumulative projectile, the load-bearing part is made on the basis of a multicopter weighing no more than one kilogram, and the warhead is equipped with a sealed plastic casing of a streamlined shape, installed in the lower zone of the body of the load-bearing part with the ability to be disconnected using a mechanical or electromagnetic disconnector, with at least one cumulative the charge, weighing no more than 460 grams, is installed in a sealed plastic casing, and the warhead is equipped with a check valve and at least one electric detonator, a detonating cord and a control controller with a battery associated with a shaped charge, and the remote control system of the combat multicopter is equipped with a receiver a transmitting device located on its supporting part and connected to the control controller of the warhead, equipped with an autonomous battery for exchanging data with the receiving and transmitting device, while the total weight of the warhead does not exceed 700 grams. The cumulative projectile is made in the form of a cassette with a group of shaped charges with a total mass not exceeding 700 grams, tied with a detonating cord.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic image of a combat multicopter with a single shaped charge (front view).

In fig. 2 - the same, warhead with a single shaped charge (increased).

In fig. 3 - the same, top view of the warhead (enlarged).

In fig. 4 - the same, top view of a cassette with shaped charges (enlarged).

A combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile (see Fig. 1) consists of two parts: a load-bearing part (for example, based on an FPV drone), which has horizontally arranged bladed rotors 2 connected to the body 1 with drives (motors, electric motors) 3 for their rotation, and warhead installed in the lower zone of the body 1 of the load-bearing part and equipped with a cumulative projectile (CS). The supporting part includes a battery (not shown in the figure), a remote control system (not shown in the figure) with DJI glasses, a PTZ video camera 4 with day and night vision capabilities (for example, an FPV camera), a speed controller (not shown in the figure), a flight a controller (not shown in the figure), a disconnecting mechanism 5 (for example, a servo drive or an electromagnetic disconnector) of the warhead, a signal receiver (not shown in the figure) and an antenna (not shown in the figure). The warhead (see Fig. 2 and 3) includes a cumulative projectile (CS) with a sealed plastic casing 6 of a streamlined shape, in which the control controller 7 of the cumulative projectile, a battery 8 (for example, an AAA battery), an impact sensor 9, and a main electric detonator are located 10 and an additional electric detonator 11 (for example, PVPD-N - an insensitive explosive safety cartridge), a detonating cord 12, a shaped charge (CH) 13 weighing no more than 460 grams with a lining (funnel) 14 and a check valve 15. The total weight of the warhead is not exceeds 700 grams.

The shaped charge 13 has the characteristics of deep penetration (DP) with a small diameter and low mass due to the use of a powder metal lining (funnel 14) of a cone shape, which, when the shaped charge 13 is triggered, forms a plasma cumulative jet in the form of a “carrot” and forms a penetration channel with a depth of steel no less than 360 mm. This channel is formed as a result of high pressure (about 800,000 atmospheres) and the speed of the cumulative jet itself, where at the beginning (on the needle) the speed is about 8-15 km/sec, and at the end 2 km/sec. Passing through a solid metal barrier (armor), the cumulative jet, due to its high speed and pressure, does not burn through the barrier (armor), but pushes it apart at the molecular level, that is, the crystal lattice is destroyed, and it passes into the state of liquid metal with relatively a small inlet hole, but a deep channel along its length, which, with a small mass of explosive in the charge, has greater penetration power.

The high armor-piercing ability of the 13 small-caliber shaped charge and mass is determined by the following parameters:

- cone-shaped shape and physical and chemical characteristics of the metal powder lining of the charge;

- detonation characteristics of the explosive charge;

- breakdown characteristics of charges (see table).

The simplicity, speed, and low cost of manufacturing shaped charges is determined by the small number of structural elements that make up the charge. And also the possibility of an automated method for their manufacture and a wide range of production lines in terms of size and weight of charges.

The cluster cumulative projectile (CCM), shown in Fig. 4, is made in the form of a cassette placed in a sealed plastic casing 6 of a streamlined shape with a group of parallel shaped charges 13 (various quantities are possible) with a total mass of no more than 700 grams, tied with a detonating cord 12, with a main electric detonator 10, an additional electric detonator 11, a sensor shock 9 and check valve 15.

The use of such an aircraft for combat purposes makes it possible to use all its specific features in full. This is the ability to deliver at a minimum distance to the target of attack using any vehicle, quickly assemble manually (literally on the knees) and bring it into combat readiness, vertical takeoff and landing, flight at a very low altitude and vice versa - at a very high altitude, high speed and maneuverability with very small dimensions and weight in the totality of the load-bearing and warheads, all-weather capability, stability and reliability of flight in combat conditions. If the motor(s) are damaged, the multicopter can glide and land without crashing.

FPV drone (and similar, almost toy, multicopters) are compact quadcopters without satellite navigation, which are immune to electronic jamming, with their own electronics and software (modern with artificial intelligence). Such a drone is manually controlled by an operator who sees the air situation through a special mask. The drone operator, through a receiving and transmitting device, gives a command to destroy the target, and the software allows the drone to destroy the target even without the help of the operator.

A cumulative projectile (CS) is designed to destroy military equipment, armored vehicles, air targets such as helicopters, UAVs, surface light-engine craft, and enemy personnel.

A combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile is a serious military weapon. It is used as follows. HEAT projectiles (CS) are easily and safely transported due to the fact that the plastic casing 6, electric detonators 10 and 11, detonating cord 12, shaped charges 13, batteries 8 each have their own safe packaging. Due to the light weight of multicopters and cumulative projectiles, they can be delivered to the front line even on foot by a single human operator of a combat multicopter (for example, an FPV drone). A combat multicopter of this type can be quickly and easily assembled in the field (for example, by the same operator).

The operator of a combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile controls it from a safe distance (10 kilometers or more). For example, an FPV drone with a CS can reach speeds of up to 300 km/h. When approaching a target at the operator’s command, the combat multicopter, using mechanism 5 (for example, a servo drive or an electromagnetic disconnector), drops a cumulative projectile onto the enemy target. The controller 7 of the warhead, using its battery 8 with a calculated time delay, gives a coded electrical impulse to initiate the electric detonator 10 when approaching the target. Next, the electric detonator 10 initiates the detonation of the detonating cord 12, which is connected to the shaped charge 13, and initiates the shaped charge 13 itself. If for some reason (for example, electronic interference (REI)) a coded command was not received from the controller 7 to initiate the electric detonator 10, then this coded electrical impulse comes from the shock sensor 9 to initiate the electric detonator 11 and the shaped charge 13 is triggered immediately after the warhead is disconnected, the operator returns the combat multicopter to its location.

The cumulative jet of charge 13 with the described technical characteristics has a spalling effect, where the liquid metal of the armor is carried out (spraying) into the armored space of the target (for example, a tank), striking manpower and armored equipment or ammunition, and therefore is a charge of increased armored destructive action, which not typical for conventional mine shaped charges. In addition, living force in the armored space receives a strong thermobaric shock. Check valve 15 allows you to create a vacuum in the plastic casing and is of great importance when flying a multicopter at high altitude. The tightness of the plastic casing 6 makes it impervious to changes in pressure and humidity (all-weather), and its streamlined shape, in turn, provides the multicopter with high speed and maneuverability.

A combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile is effective in hitting not only ground and surface targets, but also aircraft. At a speed of 300 km/h and above, such a multicopter can easily catch up with a helicopter and hit it. The compactness of the multicopter and warhead and the ability to quickly assemble allow the operator to covertly move over long distances, even behind enemy lines. Basically, due to its simplicity, such a drone has a relatively low cost and can be used as a disposable combat weapon (“kamikaze”). However, this technical solution is still designed to be used repeatedly. The process of preparing multicopter ammunition and CS can be done very quickly, even during transportation, which allows combat multicopters to be quickly delivered to new positions, quickly assembled into working condition and immediately launched to solve combat missions (for example, to intercept and destroy enemy UAVs). The combat multicopter described above is almost impossible to track by ground and air tracking means. This further enhances the surprise factor of attack and defeat of the enemy.

Such a compact combat multicopter with a small cumulative projectile has great destructive power; the characteristics of the shaped charges are given in the table (see data from VNIPI Vzryvgeofizika http://vnipivzryv.ru/).

The use of a cluster cumulative projectile (CCM), shown in Fig. 4, made in the form of a cassette placed in a sealed plastic casing 6 of a streamlined shape with a group of charges 13 arranged in parallel in the cassette (possibly at different angles) with a total mass of no more than 700 grams, tied with a detonating cord 12 with a main electric detonator 10 and an additional electric detonator 11, allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of a combat copter due to the fact that the attack zone of enemy targets increases without increasing its mass.

Thanks to the combination of the small dimensions of the multicopter and a cumulative projectile of increased lethality with high speeds and maneuverability, a significant increase in the capabilities of the combat multicopter and the effectiveness of its use against ground, surface and air targets is achieved.

Thus, the technical result achieved using the claimed invention is to expand the combat capabilities of aircraft based on multicopters, reduce the weight and dimensions of combat multicopters with cumulative projectiles while increasing speed, maneuverability, altitude and flight range, and the effectiveness of hitting a target.

Claims (2)

1. A combat multicopter with a cumulative projectile, including a load-bearing part having horizontally arranged bladed rotors connected to the body with drives for their rotation, a battery, a remote control system, a video camera and a warhead installed on the body of the load-bearing part and equipped with a cumulative projectile, characterized in that the load-bearing part is made on the basis of a multicopter weighing no more than one kilogram, and the warhead is equipped with a sealed plastic casing of a streamlined shape, installed in the lower zone of the body of the load-bearing part with the possibility of detachment using a mechanical or electromagnetic disconnector, with at least one shaped charge weighing no more than 460 grams is installed in a sealed plastic casing, and the warhead is equipped with a check valve and at least one electric detonator, a detonating cord and a control controller associated with the shaped charge, and the remote control system of the combat multicopter is equipped with a transceiver device located on its load-bearing part and connected to the control controller of the warhead, equipped with an autonomous battery, for data exchange with the receiving and transmitting device, while the total mass of the warhead does not exceed 700 grams. 2. A combat multicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cumulative projectile is made in the form of a cassette with a group of shaped charges with a total mass of no more than 700 grams, tied with a detonating cord.