RU2817772C1 - Plow module for replaceable installation on the main frame of plow device for soil plowing and plow device with the main frame - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plow module (1) for replaceable installation on soil plowing device main frame (3) is made in the form of a ready-mounted structural unit, in which second cutting element (105) in direction (110) of plowing with its cutting edge follows first cutting element (102). Module (1) comprises rotary cutting plate, first cutting element (102) with circular first cutting edge (103) located on first bearing structure (4), and second flat cutting element (105) with second cutting edge (106) located on second bearing structure (5). First bearing structure (4) and the second bearing structure (5) are connected to each other. First bearing structure (4) has means for detachable fixation on main frame (3) of the plow device. First cutting element (102) is made in such a way that due to movement of plow module (1) on the ground along plowing direction (110) the side zone of the ground strip is cut. Second cutting element (105) is made in such a way that due to movement of plow module (1) on the ground along plowing direction (110) the bottom zone of the ground strip is cut. First cutting element (102), respectively, with possibility of rotation around the axis passing in the direction towards the plowed soil is made with possibility of adjustment with respect to its cutting angle and/or with possibility of rotation around axis passing in direction of plowing is made with possibility of adjustment separately with respect to its angle of rotation. Plow design with main frame (3), on which there is at least one plow module (1).

EFFECT: enabling creation of a structural unit, in which the cutting elements connected to the plow module during plowing separate the soil strips from the plowed soil and turn them over, and which can be replaced or mounted on the main frame of the plow device and provides the possibility of easy movement during plowing, and which can be easily matched with the changed properties of the soil.

20 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention proposed for consideration relates to a plow module for removable installation on the main frame of a plow device for plowing soil in accordance with the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the claims, as well as in accordance with paragraph 17 of the claims to a plow device that is equipped with at least one such a plow module.

When plowing with such a plow device, which is usually pulled by a tractor, so-called strips of earth are cut out of the soil. The strip of land has a lateral zone along which the first cutting element cuts or has cut. Next, the strip of land has a bottom zone, which connects both side zones and is separated from the ground by means of a second cutting element. Accordingly, the soil has a dividing surface in the area of the bottom of the strip of land (the so-called bottom of the furrow). In this way, an approximately rectangular strip of earth is cut out of the soil, and on the remaining part of the soil, a horizontal cutting plane (= bottom of the furrow) is formed by the second cutting element, and a vertical cutting plane (= wall of the furrow) by means of the first cutting element. By cutting out a strip of land in the ground, a furrow wall is formed, from which the side zone of the strip of land was separated. The bottom zone thus determines, at the time of separation from the ground, the lowest surface of the strip of land in the vertical direction.

It should be noted that the terms “horizontal” and “vertical”, as well as “above” and “below”, refer to the arrangement and embodiments of the plow devices and thus the plow module mounted thereon in accordance with the invention, the plow device being is considered properly in contact with the ground and with the ability to move during the plowing process along the direction of cultivation.

DE 3541490 A1 describes a soil cultivation machine which has soil cultivation tools driven around upward oriented axes. Tools for tillage are implemented in the form of devices for loosening underground, for intensive cultivation, plowing and, in general, loosening the lower layers of soil. These underground loosening devices follow in the plowing direction behind disc knives located in front of them, which are designed to separate the soil. This known tillage machine is designed to loosen the soil, but not to cut or turn over a strip of soil from the soil area being plowed. The known soil tillage machine, due to the fact that the soil structures located below the surface can be loosened, is particularly suitable for loosening the soil even when flowers are already growing in the loosened zone of the soil.

A corresponding plow arrangement is known from DE 10 2017 102 683 A1. On the main frame of this plow device there is a rotatable first cutting element in the form of a cutting plate with a circular first cutting edge, wherein the first cutting element is designed in such a way that by moving the plow device along the ground along the direction of plowing the lateral zone can be cut strips of land. The plowing direction or tillage direction is defined as the direction along which the plow device moves across the ground. A second, flat cutting element with a second cutting edge is also fixed to the main frame and is located in front of the first cutting element in the plowing direction. The second cutting element is designed in such a way that by moving the plow module along the ground along the direction of plowing, the bottom zone of the strip of land can be cut. When plowing with this plow device, the bottom zone of the strip of land being formed is first cut by means of a second cutting element. The next first cutting element, which is made in the form of a convex cutting plate, then cuts the side zone of the strip of land and lays it with a turn in the formed furrow. This type of plow design requires, in comparison with traditional plow devices with plow bodies and plow moldboards, a clearly lower traction force.

The disadvantage of the plow design according to DE 10 2017 102 683 A1 is that the various cutting elements are separately mounted on the main frame, which makes installation or retrofitting on a traditional main frame for plows more difficult. In addition, the spatial orientation of both cutting elements relative to each other is complex and its adjustment or adjustment is often possible only to a small extent. Further, with the known plow design, coordination with various types of soils is impossible, since with variable soils the result of plowing is not optimally coordinated with the corresponding soils.

The objective of the invention is to create a structural unit in which the cutting elements connected to the plow module, when plowing, separate strips of earth from the plowed soil and turn them over, and which can be replaced or mounted on the main frame of the plow device and provides the possibility of easy movement when plowing, and which can be easily coordinated with changed soil properties.

The problem is solved by means of a plow module characterized by the features of claim 1 of the formula of the invention and by means of a plow device characterized by the features of claim 17 of the formula of the invention. Suitable improvements are disclosed in the corresponding dependent claims.

This problem is solved by the fact that the plow module is implemented in the form of a ready-made assembled structural block and is equipped with a first supporting structure on which the first cutting element is located, and a second supporting structure on which the second cutting element is located, that is, the corresponding cutting element is located on the corresponding supporting structure element, and both supporting structures are connected to each other, and whereby the first supporting structure has means for being removably secured to the main frame of a plow device, in which a plow module is provided, in which a second cutting element in the plowing direction is located behind the first cutting element. The first cutting element is rotatable about two different axes, and its desired rotation angle and/or cutting angle is adjustable.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a plow module of a plow device for plowing soil is described. The plow module has a first supporting structure on which a rotatable cutting element, for example a convex disc, is located. The second cutting element, for example a disc or knife located at a certain angle to the first cutting element, is mounted on a second supporting structure, which, for its part, is firmly connected to the first supporting structure. The rotatable first cutting element has a circular first cutting edge and is designed in such a way that when the plow device with the supporting structure moves along the ground along the plowing direction, that is, the processing direction, the lateral zone of the strip of land is cut off, in particular, from the wall of the furrow, through the first cutting zone of the first cutting edge. The first and second support structures are firmly connected to each other and are jointly located by the first support structure on the main structure of the plow device. The second cutting element has a second cutting edge, wherein the second cutting element is located on the second supporting structure and is designed in such a way that when the plow module moves along the ground along the plowing direction, the bottom area of the strip of land, in particular, along the dividing surface between the strip of soil and the supporting surface of the plow can be trimmed by the second cutting zone of the second cutting edge. The second cutting element is positioned relative to the first cutting element in the plowing direction such that the second cutting zone lies behind the first cutting zone in the plowing direction.

According to the invention, both cutting elements, individually or together, in their respective position in the plan of the soil cutting task, are adjustable so that a corresponding gripping angle can be selected. Soil properties such as soil structure, clay or sand content vary depending on the soil being plowed, partly to a large extent. A significant advantage of the plow according to the invention is that, compared to traditional plows, the required traction force can be reduced while simultaneously improving the process of plowing and compacting the soil. This is also extremely environmentally friendly, since less fuel is needed when the traction force is reduced. The measurement results revealed the fact that, depending on the soil, by using a plow in accordance with the invention, up to a 25% reduction in tractive effort is possible. Therefore, for the plow according to the invention, it is provided that the first cutting element is rotatable around two different axes of rotation. The first cutting element is configured to rotate around an axis oriented in the direction of the plowed soil. The movement of the cutting element around a rotary axis oriented, in particular perpendicular to the ground, means that the first cutting element is rotatable in relation to its cutting angle and, in addition, also adjustable to the desired cutting angle. This movement corresponds to the movement of the body, for example, in water, to the movement of deflection. The second possibility of movement of the first cutting element is provided in that the first cutting element is rotatable with respect to its rotation angle around an axis that is oriented in the plowing direction. This rotation angle is also adjustable, and to any desired value, depending on the properties of the soil. Compared to the movement of the hull in water, this would be the so-called rolling movement. Both types of movement of the first cutting element, that is, movement around an axis in the direction of plowing and further movement around an axis oriented perpendicular to the direction of plowing and perpendicular to the plowed soil, are possible separately or together, that is, they can also be adjusted.

Additionally, according to an exemplary embodiment, it is advantageously provided that the second cutting element is adjustably rotatable about an axis which is perpendicular to the plowing direction and substantially parallel to the bottom of the furrow. Thus, it can be achieved that the second cutting element determines, by means of the angle of installation to the furrow bottom, on the one hand, the depth of the furrow bottom in the ground, and, on the other hand, the force of entry of the plow into the ground.

A significant advantage of the plow in accordance with the invention, compared to a traditional plow with a traditional plow share, is that with a traditional plow share the side of the furrow and the bottom of the furrow are cut by one single element and the resulting strip of land is turned over, but here the element due to its curvature in one stroke passes from the primarily perpendicularly oriented lateral zone, mainly to the horizontal zone of the bottom of the furrow. According to the invention, therefore, both of these cut zones, that is, the zone for the wall of the furrow and the zone for the bottom of the furrow, are formed by separate cutting elements, so that, so to speak, the traditional plow is divided into two different cutting elements. Only because these two elements are independent, such independent adjustment of the respective cutting elements is the basis for an extremely high degree of versatility and optimization, as well as the adaptation of the new type of plow in accordance with the invention to further reduce the traction force under different soil properties.

In a preferred embodiment, the corresponding cutting elements on the plow module are adjustable, preferably rotatable, in terms of their positioning relative to each other. This represents a significant advantage compared to known plow devices. Thus, for example, a plow module can be used in which a first cutting element for lateral separating a strip of land is located in front of a second cutting element for separating a strip of land. However, it is also possible for both cutting elements to move relative to each other within the framework of free adjustment, for example simultaneously in the z direction synchronously with each other. Such movement is necessary, for example, when the plowing depth, due to the properties of the soil or other circumstances, must be changed. This means that the thickness of the strip of soil from the surface of the ground to the bottom of the furrow can be changed.

In a preferred embodiment, the plow device, which represents the second aspect of the invention, has several plow modules, for example three to eight modules on one side of the plow, that is, six to 16 modules relative to the main frame. In known plow devices, the first cutting element for cutting the side of the land strip is located behind the second cutting element, which cuts the bottom of the land strip or the furrow from which the land strip is cut. This known design was chosen, obviously, because the first cutting element, when interacting with, for example, a guide sheet or in an embodiment in the form of a hollow disk, is designed to turn over the cut strip of earth. In addition, the bottom of the furrow, that is, the lower side of the strip of land, should already be trimmed. Therefore, in known devices the second cutting element is located in front of the first cutting element in relation to its active cutting edge. Due to this arrangement, the first cutting element can, after trimming the side wall of the strip of land, directly turn it over, since the bottom of the furrow has, accordingly, already been trimmed. In order for the first cutting element to reliably cut the side or, in the case of a bending embodiment, also to prepare a strip of land for turning over and to initiate the turning over, a drive and therefore a support or holder for the first cutting element must naturally be provided on its rear side. This again means, however, that the second cutting element and the first cutting element must each have separate holders by means of which they are placed on the frame. Thus, the adjustment of both whinnying elements relative to each other becomes significantly more complicated.

In contrast, in the present invention, the first cutting element, which cuts the side of the land strip, is located in front of the second cutting element, which cuts the bottom surface of the land strip or furrow. This is usually not taken into account, since the design of the plow, in which the first cutting element is first located in the direction of movement for cutting the side of the strip of land, cannot also perform the turning function, despite the fact that the shape is made in the form of a hollow disk and, in principle, it is designed to turn over a strip of land. Since the bottom of the furrow has not yet been trimmed. This is precisely the advantage of the module according to the invention, since only two cutting elements need to be provided, without the need for a guide plate or a plow blade. An advantage according to the invention is also that, due to the fact that the first cutting element has a drive and therefore a support or support structure on its rear side, and when positioned in front of the second cutting element, which also has a support structure, both The supporting structures of the first cutting element and the second cutting element can be connected to each other, so that a module is formed, which can be placed on the supporting frame of the plow device by means of only one suspension. The decisive advantage is that the traditional plow structure with plow bodies can be reconstructed, and without increased costs, by dismantling the plow bodies and installing the corresponding module. Of course, traditional main frames, also called plow arms, can already be equipped in the factory with plow modules in accordance with the invention.

In an unexpected way, the fact was revealed that with a plow device with a first cutting element in the form of a hollow disc running in front, it is possible to trim the side zone without the subsequent process of turning over, since the bottom of the furrow has not yet been trimmed. This task is performed only by the second cutting element following it. If in the design of a plow several such modules are located one after another, then the fact is revealed that already at the second module following the first module in the direction of plowing, the first cutting element cuts not only the lateral surface of the strip of land existing there, but also what is already there Using the first module, a furrow is cut in the ground. Thus, by means of the second module, the desired function can be directly initiated, namely that the first cutting element in the form of a hollow disk can cut the side surface of the land strip and at the same time turn the land strip over.

By adjusting the position of the first cutting element in relation to the cutting angle and the rotation angle as it rotates around an axis in the plowing direction and beyond, or instead of rotating around an axis perpendicular to the ground, the first cutting element, in relation to various soil properties and in connection with the properties of the soil, can be adjusted to an optimally low traction force. This is generally not possible with traditional plow shares, since the combination of both cutting tasks - cutting the side surface and cutting the bottom of the furrow with one single element, namely the plow share, always represents a compromise, which in terms of the required tractive effort is always worse than optimized implementation and optimized implementation of the corresponding individual function of the corresponding cutting element.

As regards the design, it can be advantageous that the holder or support structure of the first cutting element is rearwardly oriented towards the support structure for the second cutting element, so that both cutting elements can be easily accommodated and connected into a module there. This also applies to actuators for adjusting swivel angles, cutting angles or cutting angles. If the plow device has, for example, only one plow module, then during the very first move when plowing the field, only this very first move would be the move in which the side of the not yet cut strip of land would be cut, however, turning over would not yet occur. However, already in the second stroke, the then side-cut strip of land would be directly turned over by means of the first cutting element, since the second cutting element would already be cutting off the bottom of the furrow and thus the lower side of the strip of land there in the area. Thus, significant advantages are revealed compared to traditional plow devices. Replacing or additionally equipping traditional plow devices with plow bodies with plow modules in accordance with the invention is possible without restrictions. It is also possible without any problems, due to the modular design, to quickly eliminate defects or, due to a changed soil structure, respectively, to replace them with coordinated other plow modules on the plow device or, when defects are recognized, to constantly adjust the rotation angle to neutralize these defects.

Particularly preferred is the plow module according to the invention where both the first and the second cutting element are adjustable with respect to their position. This reveals the possibility of adjustment depending on the soil being plowed, as well as the possibility of adjusting both cutting elements relative to each other. The second cutting element is then rotatably mounted on a supporting structure, on which the first cutting element is also mounted and rotatable around preferably two axes, in order to orient the inclination of the second cutting element slightly downwards when cutting the soil, to prevent this cutting element cutting the bottom of the furrow from coming out of the way. the time of the plowing process and the simultaneous holding of the first cutting element in the ground. The first cutting element is designed to rotate and move in several directions, that is, it has several degrees of freedom, to obtain the corresponding optimal plowing result when both cutting elements interact relative to each other.

The fact that several modules are provided on the plow device has the further advantage that with the device according to the invention a larger width can be plowed in one pass. It also makes sense to rotate the cutting elements with external grip when the edge of the cultivated field is plowed and the width for the last pass would be too large, so that there would be a danger that the plow module located furthest to the side would separate the soil, e.g. , which would probably end up on the next field. To avoid this, by externally gripping the cutting elements or the corresponding cutting element, this situation can be prevented.

The plow module according to the invention is connected through the main structure of the plow device to a tractor, for example a tractor, which thus pulls the cutting elements along the direction of plowing along the ground. The main structure may also be part of a supporting plow or plow head. Thanks to the plow modules, which consist of two cutting elements located on assembled load-bearing structures, namely a first cutting element for cutting the side of the strip of land and for turning over, as well as a second cutting element for cutting the bottom of the furrow, it is also possible to completely dispense with rows plow The supporting structure has metal beams and/or fiber composite elements. Further, as described below in more detail, the installed elements can be adjusted in an adjustable manner to the supporting structure.

The plow arm or support frame, which is formed from the first and second support structures, thus constitutes a rigid, yet adjustable, fastening structure for the cutting elements on the plow modules, as well as for additional structural elements such as hinges or adjusters. elements. In other words, the cutting elements on the respective first or second supporting structures are fixed in such a way that no relative movement between the cutting elements is possible during plowing. When, during the plowing process, the second cutting element is pressed into the ground to cut out a strip of land, the first cutting element is simultaneously pressed into the ground by the clamping force. In a preferred embodiment, however, the cutting elements can also be adjusted during the plowing process with respect to their adjustable rotation angle and also, for example, with respect to their height relative to each other, which can be done, for example , electrically or hydraulically.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the first and/or second cutting elements are rotatably mounted, for example by means of a hinge, on a corresponding support structure, so that the angle between the axis of rotation and the direction of the second cutting edge can be adjusted and fixed to the desired position. position In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the second support structure itself is rotatably connected to the first support structure via a hinge. Due to this, the installation angle of the second cutting element is adjustable with respect to the plowing direction. The installation angle is usually such that the leading cutting edge points slightly downwards into the ground.

In the following exemplary embodiment, the first cutting element and/or the second cutting element are rotatably and/or horizontally displaceable on a respective support structure in order to adjust the installation angle and position relative to each other. Thus, depending on the properties of the soil and depending on the desired depth and intensity of processing, the installation angle of the second cutting element can be adjusted in relation to the direction of plowing.

A device, for example, the above-described hinge, serves to adjust the angle of the cutting element (the angle of the disc disk) and allows adjustment of the angle of inclination of the cutting element (vertical inclination to the wall of the furrow in the soil) and the angle of direction of the cutting element (to the direction of plowing, that is, to the direction tractor movement). The cutting line of the cutting element between the first cutting edge and the furrow wall can be adjusted in height by means of an adjustable support. Accordingly, the vertical and/or horizontal clearance between the first cutting element and the second cutting element can be variably adjusted. That is, in the following exemplary embodiment, the first cutting element and the second cutting element may be positioned or positioned relative to each other such that the cutting area of the first cutting edge of the first cutting element in the vertical direction is spaced from the second cutting edge of the second cutting element. cutting element. By moving in the horizontal direction, the cutting width or plowing stroke width can be adjusted. This shift in the width direction is preferably carried out by means of an adjustment element, which is preferably in the form of a push rod. By horizontally moving the push rod through the corresponding transmission links in relation to the main frame, the lateral displacement of the plow modules and thus the plowing width can be adjusted or achieved. The push rod is preferably adjustable in steps, preferably hydraulically or electrically.

In an embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous if the first cutting zone is formed within the first cutting plane and the second cutting zone is formed in the second cutting plane, wherein the first cutting plane and the second cutting plane form an angle between themselves from 30° to 135°, in particular from 45° to 110°. The desired angle can be adjusted in this case by the fact that both cutting elements are rotatably arranged on the corresponding designated support structure. Of course, within the scope of the invention, a given, rigid orientation of both cutting planes is assumed.

The first cutting edge is located in the first cutting plane, while the second cutting edge is in the second cutting plane. The first cutting element and the second cutting element are fixed in such a way relative to each other on the supporting structure that the first cutting plane and the second cutting plane are not parallel to each other and form an angle with each other, in particular more or less equal to 90° ( opening angle). That is, in the following exemplary embodiment, the first cutting element may be positioned such that between the axis of rotation of the first cutting element and the direction of the second cutting edge (or tangent to the second cutting zone, in the case where the second cutting element forms a rotating disk) has an angle of from about 0° to about ±30°. In particular, the perpendicular to the first cutting plane has a (guide) component that is parallel to the horizontal direction if the plow arrangement is properly contacted with the ground. The axis of rotation of the cutting element is in particular parallel to the perpendicular in the first cutting plane. The perpendicular to the second cutting plane then has a further (guide) component, which is parallel to the vertical direction if the plow device is properly adjacent to the ground. The angle between the perpendiculars to achieve the desired type of furrow in the ground can be selected, for example, in the range from 45° to 130°.

If the first cutting plane and the second cutting plane are in particular approximately 90° apart, the second cutting element presses the cut strip of earth in the direction of the first cutting element. This results in the strip of land between the first cutting element and the second cutting element being processed in a preferred manner during the movement in the plowing direction. Due to the interaction of both rotating elements of the machine, that is, the first and second cutting elements, the preferred plowing result or “clumping” (crushing of blocks) is ensured. In addition, the strong lateral movement of the first cutting element, which negatively affects the tractor's traction line, is largely compensated by the counteraction of the second cutting element. The tractor, thus, without taking retaliatory measures, remains in a rut.

The first cutting element is rotatably or rotatably secured to the first supporting structure. Accordingly, the first cutting element has a first axis of rotation about which the first cutting element rotates. The first cutting element is preferably made in the form of a convex cutting plate and has a circular periphery line. A circular first cutting edge is formed along the periphery line. By means of the first cutting edge, the lateral zone of the earth strip is separated from the wall of the soil furrow and the earth strip is simultaneously moved to the side. The circular first cutting edge has a first cutting zone. The first cutting zone is that portion of the periphery of the first cutting edge which, in the plowing direction, preferably first comes into contact with and cuts the soil. The first cutting element may have a diameter of from about 500 mm to about 800 mm. Further, the first cutting element may have centrally positioned teeth and may be adjustable, preferably by means of a slide, to a position opposite the first support structure and the second cutting element.

It is particularly advantageous if the first cutting element, which can be rotated around an axis of rotation, has a convex or conical or truncated cone shape. Thanks to this, it is ensured that the separated strip of earth is rotated and placed in the adjacent furrow formed during the previous pass of the plow module. In this case, the axis of rotation of the first cutting element is set at an angle to the direction of plowing in such a way that the leading edge of the cutting element is lowered relative to the direction of plowing and the cutting element is mainly located with an inclination to the direction of plowing and, thereby, to the strip of land it cuts out .

The first cutting element rotates automatically when the plow device moves along the ground. In this case, frictional forces cause the first cutting element to move. The first cutting element is preferably designed in such a way that during the plowing process only the lower half of the first cutting element, which is located under the first axis of rotation, enters the ground, so that frictional forces with the ground can induce rotation.

The rotation of the convex or disc-shaped first cutting element further contributes to the fact that the separated strip of earth is raised and at the same time moved to the side. The separated strip of earth is in particular in frictional contact with the first cutting surface of the first cutting element. The first cutting surface is the same surface of the first cutting element that is formed within the first cutting edge. Further, the first cutting surface is the same surface that is oriented towards the separated strip of land. The first cutting surface can be made uniform without depressions or elevations. Further, the first cutting surface (ie, the side surface of the first cutting element) may form a cone or truncated cone shape.

In a preferred embodiment, the second cutting element is in the form of a circular disk and is rotatably mounted, the second cutting edge being defined by the circular edge of the second cutting element. Alternatively, the second cutting element can be implemented by means of an adjustable blade that is positioned perpendicular to the plowing direction. The cutting element, which is preferably equipped with teeth on its cutting edge, preferably has its tip oriented slightly backwards in relation to the direction of plowing at a certain angle, that is, has an angle of more than 90° to the direction of plowing. By means of the second cutting edge, the area of the strip of land is separated from the bottom of the furrow in the ground, trimmed and, if necessary, raised at the same time. When the disk is rotatable, the circular second cutting edge has a second cutting zone. The second cutting zone is that portion of the periphery of the second cutting edge which, in the plowing direction, second comes into contact with the soil and cuts it.

The first cutting element, for example a convex disk, cuts the strip of earth in the first vertical cutting plane, for example, to a working depth of approximately 15 to 35 cm from the surface of the soil and diverts the strip of earth into the previously formed furrow.

In the second horizontal cutting plane, which is located at a processing depth of approximately 15 to 35 cm from the soil surface, the strip of earth is cut by means of the second cutting element in the horizontal direction, that is, from the bottom of the furrow.

The distance between the two cutting planes (above: rotating first vertical cutting element; and below: second horizontal cutting element) can be adjusted to the rotating cutting element.

An effective plow body, consisting of the main components of a first convex cutting element and a second flat cutting element, such as a knife or rotatable disc, roughly corresponds to a curved, sinuous plane that is drawn through the ground. The separated strip of earth moves along the convex first cutting element on its inner side upward and to the side. This process involves squeezing the top half as well as stretching the bottom half of the strip of land. As a result, compressive, tensile and rotational stresses arise inside the strip of land, which contribute to the separation of the soil.

By positioning the second cutting element in the plowing direction behind the first cutting element in accordance with the invention, the frictional force, which otherwise leads to the required high tractive effort of the plow device, can be reduced. Since the strip of earth, when it is cut along its side by means of the first cutting element, is already separated from the bottom of the furrow by being cut by the second cutting element, the strip of earth is already lifted and turned over by means of the first cutting element. The second cutting zone is located in the plowing direction, for example in the range from 1 cm to 50 cm, in particular from 15 cm to 25 cm, behind the first cutting zone. The generally horizontal second cutting disc or blade is the second to come into contact with the ground and follows, so to speak, relative to the generally vertical first cutting disc or cutting element behind or behind it. This arrangement of the second cutting element “cuts” the wall of the furrow or the plowed strip of land in the horizontal direction and thereby significantly facilitates the stratification/release of the furrow. The vertically located convex first cutting element cuts the strip of earth previously cut in the horizontal direction by means of the second cutting element located further on the subsequent stroke in the vertical direction and at the same time turns it over, due to the rotational movement of the hollow disk, and places it laterally, preferably in a furrow.

The use of a plow device thus ensures a light plowing effect. The coefficient of friction, compared to traditional rigid plow bodies, is significantly reduced as the cutting element rotates together. Thanks to this concept, we get a lighter, energy-saving plow, which at the same time forms an almost ready-made permanent furrow shape. Additionally, the coefficient of friction is reduced by the fact that the first cutting element in the form of a hollow disk has a holder in the hub area on its rear side, so that the inner surface of the hollow disk remains essentially smooth, that is, only in extreme cases does it have protruding parts of the holder .

According to the following exemplary embodiment, the second cutting element is an actively rotatable cutting element, and the second cutting edge is a cutting edge surrounding the second cutting element. The second cutting element can then be driven or driven into rotation by means of an electrical or hydraulic drive device.

According to the following exemplary embodiment, the first or second cutting edges of the first or second cutting element are convex and equipped with teeth and, for example, in the form of concave disks. A convex embodiment means that recesses or raised areas (teeth) are formed in the first or second cutting edge. In this way, a better cutting effect can be achieved with the first and, accordingly, the second cutting element when separating a strip of earth. Due to the truncated cone-shaped embodiment, in particular the first cutting element, the strip of earth running along it can be turned over, so that the installation of a plow moldboard or guide plate can be dispensed with. It is advantageous that the first cutting edge of the first cutting element and/or the second cutting edge of the second disc-shaped cutting element have recesses along the periphery. Due to this, a structural form is revealed like a circular saw, which passes through the ground especially easily and, due to engagement with the ground, can be translated into rotational motion.

When using the described plow device, it is possible to save traction force and energy costs due to the ease of movement of the plow device, which, compared to known plow embodiments, can be up to 25%. Also, the plow design can be universal in use and works on almost all soil properties, since it can be adjusted to all soil properties. In addition, due to the rotational movement of the disc cutting element, the strip of earth is constantly broken. Thanks to this, the desired clumping of the blocks (crushing of the blocks) is achieved. Due to the effect of crushing blocks, subsequent processing steps can be shortened. This saves work steps right up to tilling the bed for sowing. In addition, the soil is preferably mixed. There is also no need for traditional standard components or standard additional tools such as a fertilizer spreader or rotary cutter. Due to the rotating first and/or second cutting element, there is less wear and thus a reduction in the cost of spare parts. Due to such gentle soil treatment, humus-damaging wear on the metal of the cutting elements is prevented or reduced as much as possible, compared to a plow with a traditional plow moldboard.

According to the following exemplary embodiment, the plow device has at least one subsequent plow module with also a rotatable first cutting element with a circular next first cutting edge and is designed in such a way that when the supporting structure moves along the ground along direction of plowing, the next cutting area of the next strip of land can be cut off from the soil by the next plow module, and the next first cutting element is rotatable, so that the next strip of land can be raised by the next first cutting element.

Using the above-described embodiment, it is explained that a plurality of plow modules in the plowing direction next to each other, that is, along a direction perpendicular (in the horizontal plane) to the plowing direction, can be located at a distance from each other and adjacent to each other. In this way, a large number of strips of earth located next to each other in the plowing direction are cut out of the ground, raised and, if necessary, turned over.

By arranging a large number or multiple corresponding plow modules and thus a corresponding number of cutting elements in the plowing direction one behind the other, due to the lateral displacement of the individual plow modules relative to each other perpendicular to the plowing direction, a surface of a greater width than in the plowing direction can be plowed in one pass. the case when only one single plow module is used in one pass. Again, for the functionality of the plow device, it is preferable if the cutting elements, in addition to the gripper, are designed to rotate from their installed position. Thus, it is possible to make, for example, from a cutting element that follows, a cutting element that comes first. In the combination of several plow modules in a plow design, this can make sense and be advantageous for various parameters, for example also for soil properties in terms of optimal matching.

By arranging the plow according to the invention, for example, the upper rotatable convex first cutting element, in itself, it is possible, without the use of a guide plate and a plow blade, to gently and flatly turn over a strip of soil, for example up to 15 centimeters.

In the exemplary embodiment, the first cutting element and the second cutting element are replaceably arranged (eg via screw connections) on a corresponding support structure. The first supporting structure is designed in such a way that it can be mounted on the main frame of the plow device in a detachable manner, which is preferably carried out by means of a screw connection. For greater reliability, shear bolts can also be provided. The mounting elements provided for this purpose, such as holes or pins, are preferably manufactured and arranged in such a way that they are compatible with standard basic frames for plow devices. Thus, the plow module can be easily retrofitted onto the main frame of the plow device, for example, in place of the plow body.

Due to the rotation of the first cutting element, the separated strip of earth is easily lifted, turned over and placed in the furrow. When the plow device moves along the plowing direction, the strip of earth turns over in the plowing direction.

Due to the lifting of the earth strip by the rotating first cutting element, the earth strip can be placed behind the cutting element in the plowing direction in an energy-saving manner.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the plow module according to the invention, the second cutting element is implemented in the form of a stationary knife. The knife is made in the form of a flat rectangular, straight or curved blade, which is fixed in the end zone to a second supporting structure. The fastening is preferably carried out by means of a screw connection, which also allows for simple replacement of the second cutting element if necessary. The cutting edge of the blade points in its working position in the direction of plowing and is generally oriented perpendicular to this direction.

In the preferred modification of this design solution, the knife of the second cutting element is L-shaped, with the first strip of the knife in the working position of the plow module oriented horizontally, and the second strip mainly perpendicular to this. The first strip thus cuts off the bottom zone of the resulting strip of land. While the second, in the working position of the plow module, the vertical strip is located in front of the first cutting element and facilitates its entry into the ground, since, basically, it is located in the same plane as the leading edge of the first cutting element. For reasons of mechanical reliability, it is advisable that the knife is made monolithic. It has basically the shape of a flat blade, which has a reinforced cutting edge on the front side. The angle of installation of the blade in relation to the direction of plowing can be adjusted to ensure that the desired depth of penetration of the plow module into the ground is achieved and maintained.

The invention also contains, in accordance with claim 17 of the claims, a plow device, on the main frame of which at least one plow module in accordance with the invention is located, preferably from 6 to 16 such plow modules. In this case, the plow module is preferably firmly connected to the main frame by means of screw connections, the connection being made through the first supporting structure. It is understood that compatible fastening elements, such as holes or threaded bolts, must be formed on the main frame and the first supporting structure. Alternatively, an adapting element can also be provided in order to be able to adapt and secure the plow module to different plow main frames. The plow module can therefore be simply mounted on the main frame or, for example, removed for maintenance purposes.

In the following, for further explanation and for a better understanding of the proposed invention, embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the following:

Fig. 1 shows a plow module in terms of its main function in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the structure of a plow in terms of its general principle of operation in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the submitted invention during the plowing process,

FIG. 3 is a plow module in terms of its basic structure in accordance with the following exemplary embodiment of the invention, which shows an alternative arrangement of the knife and the cutting disc as a second cutting element,

FIG. 4 is a representation of a plow device in its basic structure according to the invention as a plow device for plowing paddocks with three plow modules in the following exemplary embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 5 is a top view of the plow device according to FIG. 4, in which, as an example, the plow body is replaced by a plow module in accordance with the invention in terms of additional equipment,

Fig. 6 is a view of two plow modules in accordance with the following embodiment, which are located on both sides of the main frame,

Fig.7 layout in accordance with Fig.6 in a modified perspective,

Fig.8 is an image of an example implementation with smoothly changing cutting elements,

Fig.9 is a general arrangement of a plow in accordance with the invention with continuously adjustable actuators for cutting elements, and

Fig.10 general arrangement of the plow in accordance with the invention according to Fig.9 with additional adjustment of the cutting width.

The same or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numerals. The illustrations in the figures are largely schematic and are only approximate.

FIG. 1 shows a soil plow module 120 in which a first cutting element 102 in the form of a spherical bowl-shaped hollow disk is arranged in front of a second cutting element 105 in the form of a flat plate in the plowing direction one behind the other. The first cutting element 102 is provided for cutting the side surface of the strip of land, while located behind the first cutting element 102, the second cutting element 105 is in the form of a flat disk, which cuts the bottom of the furrow. The two cutting elements 102, 105 are connected together by means of a supporting structure 4, 5 in the form of a plow module. The supporting structure 4, 5 can be fixed to the main frame (not shown), with the second cutting element 105 being hingedly connected to the first cutting element 102 through its supporting structure 4.

As shown in the main structure of the plow module 1 in accordance with Fig. 1, a rotatable first cutting element 102 with a circular, convex first cutting edge 103 with a first cutting zone 104 is located on the first supporting structure 4 and is designed in such a way that when moving of the supporting structure 4 along the soil 120 along the plowing direction 110, the side zone 202 (see FIG. 2) of the strip 201 of the soil 120 can be trimmed by the first cutting zone of the first cutting edge 103, as shown in FIG. 2. The plowing direction 110 is defined as the direction along which the plow device 2 moves over the soil 120. The second cutting element 105 with the second cutting edge 106 with the second cutting zone 107 is located on the second supporting structure 5, which is detachably connected to the first supporting structure 4 and is made with the possibility of rotation relative to the first supporting structure. The second cutting element 105 is designed in such a way that when the supporting structure 5 moves along the soil 120 along the plowing direction 110, the side zone 203 of the bottom of the strip 201 of the soil 120 can be cut by the second cutting zone of the second cutting edge 106, the second cutting element 105 relative to the first cutting element 102 located in the plowing direction 110 such that the second cutting zone in the plowing direction is located behind the first cutting zone. The second cutting zone is thus located at a distance x from the first cutting zone. The actuators 26 (26.1, 26.2 and 26.3) for adjusting the angles of the cutting elements 102, 105 (see Figs. 6-9) are not shown for simplicity of illustration.

Since during plowing the main frame 3 of the plow module 1 is pressed in the direction of the dividing surface 121 of the soil 120 by means of the first and second supporting structures 4 and 5, the first cutting element 102 is accordingly pressed in the direction of the dividing surface 121, so that the first cutting element 102 during the plowing process it is held at the desired soil depth.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of important functional elements of a plow device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the proposed invention during the plowing process. This figure 2 shows the correct spatial arrangement of the first and second cutting elements 102 and 105, as well as the formation and turning of the earth strip 201. The remaining structural elements of the corresponding plow device 2 are not shown for reasons of clarity.

As shown in FIG. 2, during plowing, so-called strips 201 of soil are cut out of the soil 120. The land strip 201 has a side zone 202, along which the first cutting element 102 performs cutting. The land strip 201 further has a bottom zone 203, which connects both side zones 202, and by means of a second cutting element 105, which in this case is represented as an example in the form The stationary knife 6 in the shape of a double letter L is separated from the soil 120. Accordingly, the soil 120 has, in the area 203 of the bottom of the land strip 201, a dividing surface 121, the so-called bottom 121 of the furrow. After cutting the land strip 201 into the soil 120, the furrow wall 122 from which the side zone 202 of the earth strip 201 has been separated can be seen. The bottom zone 203 thus defines, at the time of separation from the ground 120, the lowest in the vertical direction, horizontal surface of the land strip 201. The side zones 202 of the land strip 201 determine at the time of separation from the ground 120 the side zones of the walls of the land strip 201.

As shown in FIG. 1, the supporting structures 4 and 5 for both cutting elements 102 and 105 are designed to firmly connect together at least the first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 to the main frame 3 of the plow device 2. The first supporting structure 4 cannot be secured by means of the main frame 3 of the plow device 2 to a tractor, for example a tractor, in order to thus respectively actuate the cutting elements 102, 105 along the plowing direction 110. The plow module 1 has, for example, first and second supporting structures 4, 5, which can be stationary or pivotable by means of hinges.

The first and second supporting structures 4 or 5 thus form a rigid fastening structure for the cutting elements 102, 105. The cutting elements 102, 105 are fixed to the supporting structures 4, 5 in such a way that relative movement between the positions of the cutting elements 102 is not possible during plowing. , 105. If, therefore, in accordance with the invention, the second cutting element 105, as a result of cutting the strip of earth 201, is pressed towards the ground 120, then at the same time the first cutting element 102 is also pressed into the ground 120, since both load-bearing structures 4, 5 firmly connected to each other.

The first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 are rotatably mounted on a respective support structure 4 or 5. Accordingly, the first cutting element 102 has a rotation axis 108 about which the cutting element 102 rotates. The second cutting element 105 defines a second rotation axis 109 about which rotates the second cutting element 105. The first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 are here exemplified as a spherical bowl-shaped cutting plate or a flat disk and have a circular periphery line. Along the periphery line, corresponding circular first cutting edge 103 and second cutting edge 106 are formed. By means of the first cutting edge 103, the side zone 202 of the earth strip 201 is separated from the wall 122 of the soil furrow 120. The circular first cutting edge 103 has a cutting zone 104. The cutting zone 104 is one the very portion of the periphery of the first cutting edge 103, which in the plowing direction 110 first comes into contact with the soil 120 and cuts it. By means of the second cutting edge 106, the zone 203 of the bottom of the soil strip 201 is separated from the soil 120. The second cutting zone of the second cutting edge 106 is that portion of the periphery of the second cutting element 105, which in the second plowing direction 110 makes contact with the soil 120, or follows the first cutting element, and trims it. Double arrow 12 in Fig. 2 explains that the second cutting element 105 is rotatably installed on a second, not shown here, supporting structure 5. The rotation allows you to adjust the angle of installation of the knife 6 relative to the direction of plowing and, thereby, the depth of insertion of the plow module 1 into soil 120.

In front of the plow module 1 or in connection with it, a rotatable disc knife 13 can be located, which pre-cuts or opens the soil 120 in front of the vertical, second strip of the knife 6 and the first cutting element 102. Thanks to this, the traction force required for plowing is reduced as and wear of the knife 6 and the subsequent first cutting element 102. The knife performs trimming as a double or three-row knife horizontally and vertically.

The first cutting element 102 rotates when the plow device 2 moves along the soil 120. In this case, for example, frictional forces cause the cutting element 102 to move. The cutting element 102 is designed in such a way that during plowing only the lower half of the first cutting element 102, which is located under the rotation axis 108, enters the soil 120, so that frictional forces with the soil 120 cause rotation.

The rotation of the first cutting element 102 further contributes to the fact that the separated strip of earth 201 is raised. This is depicted in FIG. 2 by arrows that show the direction 123 of movement of the earth strip 201 along the plow device 2.

The separated earth strip 201 is in frictional contact with the cutting surface 113 of the cutting element 102. The cutting surface 113 is that surface of the cutting element 102 that is formed within or surrounded by the first cutting edge 103. Further, the cutting surface 113 is the surface that is directed towards the separated land strip 201. The cutting surface 113 can be made, as shown in Fig. 1, uniform without depressions or elevations.

Due to the lifting of the earth strip 201 by the rotating cutting element 102, the earth strip 201 can be moved into an adjacent furrow in an energy-efficient manner. This furrow was dug during the previous pass of the plow module, as shown in Fig. 2.

In accordance with figure 1, the first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 are thus fixed relative to each other on the supporting structure 4, 5, so that the cutting zone 104 of the first cutting element 102 in the vertical direction is located at a distance from the second cutting element 105 or lies above the second cutting element 105 when the plow device 2 in the working position is adjacent to the ground 120 or enters the ground.

The rotating cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 interact with each other synergistically. On the one hand, by means of the second cutting element 105 the desired plowing depth is constantly maintained, since the cut strips of earth 201 with a certain pressure/clamping force press on the second cutting element 105 and thus act against the lifting force of the rotating cutting element 102. On the other hand , the energetically preferential action of the rotating cutting element 102 is used in cutting the earth strip 201, in particular the side surfaces or side zones 202 of the earth strip 201. Thus, an energy-efficient plow device 2 is proposed, which does not have a negative impact on the quality of the furrow pattern. In addition, the rotating second cutting element 105 causes the cut earth strip 201 to be pressed towards the first cutting element 102 so that the cut earth strip 201 is clumped. Further, due to the fact that the lateral force, which is introduced into the first supporting structure 4 by means of the forward-mounted second cutting element 105, counteracts the lateral force induced on the first cutting element 102 during cutting, simplified and improved guiding of the plow device 2 by the tractor is possible.

The first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 are so located relative to each other on the first and second supporting structures 4 and 5 that the second cutting area 107, including the front half of the cutting element 105, of the second cutting edge 106 of the second cutting element 105 in the direction 110 plowing is located at a distance x behind the first cutting zone 104 of the first cutting edge 103 of the first cutting element 102. Thus, first, during the plowing process, the rotating first cutting element 105 enters the earth strip 201 from the side and cuts it in an energy-efficient manner by means of the second cutting edge 106 of the second cutting element element 105 from the rest of the soil 120. Then the first cutting element 105, through the first cutting edge 103, cuts the side zone 202 of the soil strip 201. The second cutting element 105 then separates the furrow wall cut by the first cutting element 102. Thanks to this, the following cutting element 102 of the following module can vertically cut and turn over a strip of land from the side. Then the strip 201 of earth, due to the concave shape of the first cutting element 102 and its inclined orientation relative to the direction of plowing, is rotated and placed in the adjacent furrow. In this way, the first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 cut the earth strip 201 in an energy-efficient manner and are simultaneously held at a predetermined cutting depth by means of a pressing force acting on the second cutting element 105.

The second cutting element 105 separates, by means of a zone (approximately half of a circular disk), a strip 201 of earth. A further fastening area of the second cutting element 105, on which a fastening rod/fastening shaft (rotation axis 109) is located for fastening to the first supporting structure 4, is formed on the side facing away from the first cutting element 102 on the second cutting element 105. Thus, the fastening rod/ During the plowing process, the fastening shaft is located in the already processed furrow, which reduces the traction force of the plow device 2.

The supporting structure 4, 5 is designed in such a way that the first cutting element 102 and/or the second cutting element 105 along the plowing direction 110 and/or perpendicularly, that is, vertically to the plowing direction 110, are adjustable relative to each other. For example, the first cutting element 102 can be movably secured to the supporting structure 4 by means of bolted connections 115 that can engage longitudinal grooves 116 of the first support structure 4. By adjusting the gaps of the cutting element 102, the second cutting element 105 and the supporting structures 4, 5 along the plowing direction 110, the plow device 2 can be adjusted to the special conditions of different types of soil and can be used in an energy-efficient manner. Further, the elements can be adjusted if the elements become deformed after using the plow device 2.

Further, the supporting structure 4, 5 may be configured such that the first cutting element 102 is adjustable along the direction component of the first rotation axis 108, and the second cutting element 105 is adjustable along the direction component of the second rotation axis 109, relative to each other. In particular, the angle between the first rotation axis 108 and the second rotation axis 109 can be adjusted. The first cutting edge 103 is located in the first cutting plane, while the second cutting edge 106 is located in the second cutting plane. The first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105 are fixed relative to each other in such a way on a corresponding supporting structure 4 or 5 that the first cutting plane and the second cutting plane are not parallel, but have an angle to each other. For example, the angle between the first rotation axis 108 and the second rotation axis 109 is less than 90°, in particular, the angle ranges from 45° to 80°.

Accordingly, by universally positioning the cutting element 102 and/or the second cutting element 105 on the supporting structure 4 and 5, the distance between the cutting region 104 of the first cutting edge 103 of the cutting element 102 and the second cutting edge 106 of the second cutting element 105 can be adjusted.

Figure 3 shows a plow module 1 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the proposed invention, in which the second cutting element 105 is alternatively implemented as a rotating disc 16 or as a stationary knife 6.

The first cutting element 102 and/or the second cutting element 105 can be pivotally mounted, for example by means of a hinge, on a corresponding support structure 4 or 5, so that the angle between the first rotation axis 108 and the second rotation axis 109 can be adjusted and locked at a desired angle position This possibility is illustrated here by way of example by means of a hydraulic cylinder or spindle 15, which connects a second cutting element 105 mounted rotatably in the second support structure 5 to the first support structure 4. The position of the first cutting element 102, which is presented here as an example in the form of a concave disk with a convex edge, can also, for example, be hydraulically adjusted relative to the first support structure 4. By means of such adjustment, it is also possible, among other things, to influence the width of the formed furrow 14 or the interaction of both cutting elements 102 and 105.

The first cutting element 102 in FIG. 3 has the shape of a spherical bowl and on its first rotation axis 108 has a corresponding fastening area, which is provided in the fastening plane. The circular first cutting edge 103 is located within the first cutting plane, with the attachment plane being spaced from the cutting plane along the axis of rotation 108. Between the circular first cutting edge 103 and the attachment area, a cutting surface 113 of the cutting element 102 is formed.

FIG. 4 is a representation of a plow device 2 according to the invention in the form of a plow device for plowing paddocks, on the main frame 3 of which three plow modules 1 according to the invention are shown as an example. Each of the three presented plow modules has a first cutting element 102 and a subsequent second cutting element 105, which, respectively, on the first supporting structure 4 and on the second supporting structure 5 are connected to each other into a single plow module, with the second supporting structure 5 installed on the first supporting structure with the possibility of rotation, so that the second cutting element 105, due to the actuator 26.3 (see Fig. 6-9), can have at least a small adjustable designated angle of installation down into the ground, in order to thus exert the necessary pressure on the plow structure, remain at the desired plowing depth and thus ensure that the side of the strip of land is cut at the desired depth by means of the first cutting element 102, which is designed as a hollow disk. When plowing in the plowing direction indicated by arrow 110, the first cutting element 102 with a circular cutting edge 103 for cutting the sides of the strip of land goes ahead of the second cutting element 105 with also a circular cutting edge 106 for cutting the bottom of the furrow. The first connecting piece 20 serves to connect the plow device 2, for example, to a tractor, wherein the first connecting piece 20 is hingedly connected to a generally strip-shaped second connecting piece 21. The second connecting piece 21 constitutes, in principle, a main frame 3. Modules 1 of the plow are fixed to the main frame 3 by means of hinges 19.

When dragged along the ground 120, part of the plow modules enters the ground 120 to a structurally specified depth and removes the resulting strip 201 of soil. The plow modules 1 are arranged in a generally staggered manner next to each other, so that several strips of land are formed according to their number, as can be seen in FIG. 2. These strips of earth 201, after turning over, when leaving the first cutting elements 102, are placed in the furrow 14 formed by the cutting elements 102 located in front, as shown in Fig. 2.

And then, in Fig. 5, a top view shows a plow device 3, in which six plow bodies 24 are arranged, respectively, in pairs next to each other. The double arrow shows that the plow bodies 24 can be replaced by plow modules 1 in accordance with the invention. In terms of installation costs, this is particularly simple, since 1 plow module in a set can replace 24 plow bodies originally mounted on the plow unit, without significantly increasing installation costs. The plow modules 1 according to the invention have a first, leading cutting element 102 for cutting the sides of a strip of land and a following cutting element 105 for cutting the bottom of the furrow. The second cutting element 105 is fixed to the supporting structure 5, while the first cutting element 102 is placed on the first supporting structure 4. The supporting structure 4 and the supporting structure 5 are connected to each other, and in such a way that the second supporting structure 5 is configured rotation in order to be able to adjust the installation angle of the second cutting element 105 relative to the bottom of the furrow. The first cutting element 102 is adjustable in several degrees of freedom, so that, due to the adjustment, on the one hand, the plowing width can be adjusted, on the other hand, the interaction between the first cutting element 102 and the second cutting element 105, depending on the soil parameters , as well as in relation to other parameters. Thus, for example, the first cutting element 102 is adjustably mounted on the first support structure 4 by means of a slider 23, so that its height relative to the plane that is cut by the second cutting element 105 can be adjusted.

Fig. 6 is a view of two plow modules 1, which are placed on both sides on a main frame 3. The previously described main structure of the plow module 1 consists of a supporting structure 4, on which the first cutting element 102 is fixed and on which a second supporting structure 5 is placed, which carries the second cutting element 105, and the first supporting structure 4 is fixed to the main frame 3. On the first supporting structure 4 of the first cutting element 102, made in the form of a hollow disk, there is a perforated plate 25, which makes it possible to rotate the first cutting element around an axis directed , basically perpendicular to the treated soil. The rotation is realized due to the fact that on the element in the form of a disk segment 25, the holes on the outer periphery are located at a certain raster distance from each other. These holes serve to regulate the rotation of the hollow disk, that is, the first cutting element 102, around the angle value that determines the raster distance between the holes. Thus, in this embodiment we are talking about stepwise adjustment of the cutting angle of the first cutting element 102. Next, a hydraulic actuator 26.3 is noted, which, in order to adjust the cutting angle of the second cutting element 105 when moving along the ground and forming the bottom of the furrow, can smoothly adjust this cutting angle. The following variant of the basic structure corresponds to that which has already been explained by way of example in connection with FIG. 1, so that these details will not be discussed again in this case. Additionally, Fig. 6 shows a connecting element, which is in the form of a push rod 27. The push rod 27 connects all plow modules mounted on the plow device to each other through rotary plates, so that when the push rod 27 moves longitudinally, all plow modules 1 can be synchronized adjusted to their cutting width. The push rod 27 is made in the form of a rectangular hollow profile and is preferably welded to a sleeve through which a pin representing the corresponding axis of rotation passes inward.

FIG. 7 is a view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 from a slightly different perspective, in which the actuator 26.3 for adjusting the cutting angle of the second cutting element 105 as well as the perforated plate 25 are respectively clearly visible. The rest of the structure corresponds to the design according to Fig.6.

Figure 8 shows an example of an implementation of a plow module 1, which corresponds to the basic structure according to Figure 1, whereby, however, by means of hydraulic actuators 26.1 and 26.2, the possibility of adjustment is realized for the first cutting element 102, which is made in the form of a hollow disk. The actuator 26.1 serves to in order to smoothly adjust the cutting angle of the first cutting element 102, which is realized by rotating the first cutting element 102 about an axis oriented generally perpendicular to the soil being plowed. A second actuator 26.2 is provided which allows the first cutting element 102 to be rotated around an axis which is oriented generally in the plowing direction. The transfer of the corresponding forces is carried out by means of articulated lever links, which are known to the average specialist and, therefore, are not explained in more detail in this case. Otherwise, the basic structure corresponds to the design of the plow module 1 in accordance with the invention, without the possibility of adjusting the first cutting element 102, presented and explained earlier in Fig. 1.

For completeness of explanation, FIG. 9 shows a plow device 2 with six plow modules 1, respectively three on one side of the main frame 3 or plow boom, with the main structure described mainly in FIG. 4. The plow modules 1, equipped with actuators 26, are clearly visible, with the help of which a smooth double rotation of the axis of the first cutting element 102 and a single rotation of the axis of the second cutting element 105 is possible, since hydraulic actuating cylinders are used as actuators.

Figure 10 shows the structure of a plow on which six modules 1 of the plow are located, and three on both sides of the boom 3 of the plow. The corresponding pairs of plow modules 1 are firmly connected by means of rotating elements in the form of approximately triangular rotary sheets to a connecting element in the form of a push rod 27. By longitudinally moving the push rod 27 by means of the rotary sheets, the plow modules can be adjusted with respect to their cutting width. The corresponding movement of the push rod 27 in the longitudinal direction is initiated by the third hydraulic cylinder 28, so that with the setting movement of the actuator cylinder 28, all hydraulic modules can be synchronously adjusted relative to each other with respect to their cutting width. In a known manner, the rotation of the plow device in accordance with the invention is adjusted laterally relative to the tractor pulling the plow, for which the plow device is fixed on the side 30 of connection to the tractor, by means of the first and second actuating cylinders 29. It is the third actuating cylinder 28 that initiates the parallel adjustment of the cutting width of the plow device by means of an actuator cylinder 28, which is connected to the push rod 27. The rest of the main structure consists of a first cutting element 102 and a second cutting element 105, which have been described previously and, therefore, their operation and arrangement will not be explained here again.

The description of the remaining functions and the remaining design of the modules of 1 plow, as well as the general structure of the plow, have already been described above and, therefore, cannot be repeated.

List of reference items

1 plow module

2 plow device

3 main frame/plow boom

4 first supporting structure

5 second supporting structure

6 knife

7 hinge

8 front page

9 second stripe

10 recess

11 recess

12 double arrow

13 disc knife

14 furrow

15 hydraulic cylinder/spindle

16 disc

17 arrow

18 hinge

19 hinge

20 first connecting piece

21 second connecting pieces

22 swing arm

23 slider

24 plow body

25 perforated plate

26 actuators

26.1 actuator of the first cutting element, cutting angle

26.2 actuator of the first cutting element, angle of rotation

26.3 actuator of the second cutting element, installation angle

27 push rod

28 3rd slave cylinder

29 1st and 2nd slave cylinders

30 connection side

102 first cutting element

103 first cutting edge

104 cutting zone of the first cutting element

105 second cutting element

106 second cutting edge

107 cutting zone of the second cutting element

108 axis of rotation of the first cutting element

109 axis of rotation of the second cutting element

110 plowing direction

113 cutting surface

120 soil

121 dividing surface/furrow bottom

201 strips of land

202 side zone

203 bottom zone

Claims (28)

1. Module (1) of a plow for removable installation on the main frame (3) of a device (2) of a plow for plowing soil, containing: - made with the possibility of rotation, in the form of a cutting plate, the first cutting element (102) with a circular first cutting edge (103), and the first cutting element (102) is designed in such a way that due to the movement of the plow module (1) along the ground (120 ) along the direction (110) of plowing, the side zone (202) of the strip (201) of soil (120) is trimmed, - a second flat cutting element (105) with a second cutting edge (106), and the second cutting element (105) is designed in such a way that due to the movement of the plow module (1) along the ground (120) along the plowing direction (110), the zone ( 203) bottom of strip (201) soil (120), characterized in that the plow module (1) is made in the form of a ready-made assembled structural block, in which the second cutting element (105) in the plowing direction (110) with its cutting edge follows the first cutting element (102), and - the first cutting element (102) is located on the first supporting structure (4) and - a second cutting element (105) is located on the second supporting structure (5), - the first support structure (4) and the second support structure (5) are connected to each other, - the first supporting structure (4) has means for detachable fastening to the main frame (3) of the plow device (2), - wherein the first cutting element (102) is, respectively, rotatable around an axis extending in the direction towards the plowed soil, adjustable with respect to its cutting angle and/or rotatable around an axis extending in the direction of plowing, and separately adjustable with respect to its angle turn. 2. The plow module according to claim 1, characterized in that the second supporting structure (5) is rotatably connected to the first supporting structure (4) through a hinge (7) and the angle between both supporting structures is adjustable. 3. Plow module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first cutting element (102) is movably mounted on the first supporting structure (4), while it is possible to change the distance between the first cutting edge (103) of the first cutting element (102) and a second cutting edge (106) of the second cutting element (105). 4. Plow module according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that it is possible to continuously adjust the cutting angle of the first cutting element (102). 5. Plow module according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that it is possible to continuously adjust the angle of rotation of the first cutting element (102). 6. The plow module according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the cutting angle and the rotation angle are configured to move due to adjustment by means of actuators designed to be hydraulically or electrically actuated. 7. Plow module according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the cutting angle of the first cutting element (102) is made with the possibility of stepwise movement due to adjustment by means of a perforated plate (25) with the distances between the holes. 8. Plow module according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the angle of rotation of the first cutting element (102) is made with the possibility of stepwise movement due to adjustment by means of a perforated plate (25) with the distances between the holes. 9. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the second cutting element (105) is rotatable due to adjustment around an axis perpendicular to the direction of plowing. 10. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the first cutting zone (104) is formed inside the first cutting plane, and the second cutting zone (107) is formed in the second cutting plane, and the first cutting plane and the second cutting plane form an angle between themselves from 30° to 135 °, in particular up to 110°. 11. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the first cutting element (102) is convex or has the shape of a cone or a truncated cone. 12. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the first cutting edge (103) of the first cutting element (102) and/or the second cutting edge (106) of the second disk-shaped cutting element (105) have recesses (10, 11) along the periphery. 13. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that the second cutting element (105) is a rotatable cutting element, and the second cutting edge (106) is a circular cutting edge (106). 14. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13, characterized in that the second cutting element (105) is a stationary knife (6). 15. Module (1) of the plow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-14, characterized in that the knife (6) of the second cutting element (105) is L-shaped, with the first strip (8) of the knife (6) in the working position of the plow module (1) oriented horizontally, and the second strip (9) , basically perpendicular to this. 16. Module (1) of the plow according to claim 15, characterized in that the knife (6) is made monolithic. 17. Plow device (2) with a main frame (3), characterized in that at least one plow module (1) according to any one of claims is located on the main frame (3) of the plow device (2). 1-16. 18. Plow device (2) according to claim 17, characterized in that at least two modules (1) of the plow are located on the main frame (3), the first supporting structure (4) of the first cutting element (102) of which and the second supporting structure (5) the second cutting element (105) of which is connected by means of a connecting element, which is made to move relative to the main frame (3) so that the plow modules (1) in the direction of the width of the plow device (2) are made to move with adjustment relative to each other. 19. Plow device (2) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the connecting element is a push rod (27). 20. Plow device (2) according to claim 19, characterized in that the pushing rod (27) is movable and can be hydraulically or electrically actuated.

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