RU2816398C2 - Device for unloading of single package of various standard sizes, including briquettes, with materials prone to agglomeration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: packing and storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for mechanization of transport and storage works and is intended for unloading bags or boxes with loose materials prone to agglomeration, as well as packed briquettes, in food, chemical, including chemical-pharmaceutical and other industries, as well as in agriculture. Device completely excludes preliminary preparation of briquettes or caked powders, during unpacking and crushing of agglomerates in package and outside it. Equipment excludes contact with the unpacked substance, thereby improving sanitary conditions of work, since all works on opening the package and subsequent grinding are performed in an isolated chamber. Device combines a universal adaptable unpacker, a crusher of briquettes and a compactor of container material, which enables to unpack loose materials in packages of various types and standard sizes.

EFFECT: providing the possibility with minimum manual readjustments to load into the technological process various loose materials in a boxed package of various types and sizes, as well as to minimize mixing of materials with each other during sequential loading.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the mechanization of transport and storage operations and is intended for unpacking bags or boxes with materials prone to agglomeration, as well as packaged briquettes, in the food, chemical, including chemical-pharmaceutical and other types of industry, as well as in agriculture .

Purpose and scope

The invention relates to devices for unpacking paper or plastic bags with materials prone to caking and agglomeration, as well as briquettes packed in bags or cardboard-film boxes of various sizes.

The purpose of the invention is to create a device that combines a universal adaptable dispenser, a briquette crusher and a container material compactor, allowing, with minimal manual changeovers, to load various boxed materials of various types and sizes into the technological process, minimizing the mixing of materials with each other during sequential loading, completely eliminating manual labor when crushing agglomerate in and out of packaging, eliminating loss of materials, including from theft, as well as improving sanitary working conditions, due to the fact that all work with materials in opened packaging is carried out in an isolated chamber without the use of manual labor.

There are known devices for unpacking bags of bulk materials, including a feed conveyor, a carriage, a hopper and a drive. However, they do not ensure the destruction of material agglomerates inside the device itself and the oriented movement of used packaging into the compactor. Manual crushing of the agglomerate before loading it into the dismantler is labor-intensive and can lead to tearing of the packaging, spillage of material, the formation of harmful dust, and also does not exclude the possibility of theft of materials from damaged packaging. An unoriented dump of empty packaging impairs the possibility of its subsequent mechanized sorting for recycling, as a full-fledged material or disposal.

Device

The location of the main components is shown in Fig. 1. The unloading unit is located in cabin 1. An aspiration system with filters 2 with a pneumatic cleaning device 3 located on the hopper of the unloading unit is integrated into the cabin. The cabin has air suction windows and pneumatic dust blowing nozzles to remove material residues from places from which material does not fall off naturally. The cabin has a working window 4, through which packages of material are loaded, which is automatically closed by the lid 5 during operation, which also has a silicone curtain to reduce air leakage from the outside when the lid is open, and hatches for unloading used packaging and for passing the top plate of the compactor 6. Also available covers and service hatches (not shown).

In this cabin the main components of the device are located: a lowering table 7, covered on top with anti-friction material or having rollers, which is mounted on a hinge on the main frame 8 and raised by a drive from outside the hopper (not shown). The table is lowered into a hopper 9, on the side surfaces of which there are filters 2 of the aspiration system, and on the surface on the hinge side there are protrusions 10 for shaking the material in the package through grooves in the table. On the side of the hopper opposite to the location of the hinge, there is a guide with two carriages 11, on each of which there is a spindle with a disk cutter (or quick-release knife), as well as optical or ultrasonic sensors that track the edge of the package. A briquette grinder 12 is attached to the bottom of the hopper, the working unit of which can be moved to an inert position if materials that do not require grinding (for example, small pieces) are loaded through the device. The lower flange of the chopper is connected to the loading device 13 of the subsequent tubular conveyor 14 (screw, scraper, pneumatic). To the right side of the frame according to the figure, a compactor for used packaging 15 is attached, which has its own frame, a cassette for used containers 16, lower 17 and upper 6 plates, driven by hydraulic cylinders 18 and 19 through Nuremberg scissors 20 and 21. An upper frame 22 is attached to the upper part of the main frame 8, on racks 23 with the possibility of installation at different heights relative to the main frame 8. On the upper frame there are longitudinal rail guides 24 along which it moves movable frame 25 (movable frame drive is not shown). On the left side of the frame, according to the figure, there are transverse rail guides 26, along which a carriage 27 moves, similar to carriage 11. On the right side according to the figure, there are racks 28, on which, in turn, through levers 29, a package gripping unit 30 with radial sharp grips and sensitive stripper plate.

The unloader is equipped with a control device consisting of a programmable logic controller with an operator panel, a set of sensors, a safety relay, a control unit for pneumatic cylinders and blowing nozzles, and an electric drive control unit.

The installation works as follows.

When aspiration is turned on, a bag or a packaged briquette (hereinafter referred to as a briquette) from an external lifting table of a mechanized stacking warehouse or a belt conveyor-storage system, through a silicone sealing mask, is moved by pushers approximately to the center of the table, monitoring the movement of the pushers and the readings of optical or ultrasonic bag position sensors . The cabin door closes, giving a signal to the control unit. The cutter spindle drive (if a cutter is installed) and the carriage drive are turned on. The carriage moves crosswise until the packaging sensor is triggered, and with the longitudinal stroke of the frame it cuts the side of the bag. Then the knife is moved by the transverse carriage, cuts the short side of the package, then, by moving the carriage in reverse, it cuts the other side of the bag and is retracted. All movements of the cutter (or knife) are controlled by sensors on the carriage that track the edge of the package. When the cutter leaves the bag and the corresponding position sensor is triggered, the movable frame moves to the left position in the figure, the bag gripper rests its sensitive plate on the bag and the sharp grippers are triggered, piercing and holding the bag shell. The main pneumatic cylinder then smoothly lowers the table. At the same time, the briquette slides to the side, which prevents the briquette from falling and jamming in the hopper. The container pickup unit passively accompanies the upper part of the container. When approaching the lower position, the table stops, the cutters (knives) turn on and begin moving towards the packaging. Sensors on their carriages find the edge of the package and the table continues to move downwards, ripping open the corners of the package. In the lower position, the latch releases the side and the briquette falls into the chopper. The crushed material falls into the loader of the tubular conveyor and goes into the further technological process. The small height from which the briquette falls prevents damage to the crusher knives. The bulk part of the material flows down by gravity. The packaging is released from being pressed against the table by the material. When the lack of material sensor is triggered, the table shakes several times, rising slightly and vigorously hitting the stops. The side nozzles are turned on, directed into the side cut of the package, which blow out the remaining material from the emptied package, the carriage moves the package past the nozzles to the extreme right position. The packaging is then pressed into the cassette by the upper movable plate of the compactor. At the same time, the grippers are released. A stack of empty packaging is formed in the cassette, held from lifting/falling out by spring-loaded plates and supported by a movable plate, which serves as back pressure when pressing (compacting) the packaging. To avoid mixing of materials, when changing to another material, areas where the previous material may remain are cleaned with pneumatic nozzles. The resulting dust suspension settles on the filters, which in turn are cleaned in a standard manner (cleaning with pulsed reverse blowing). The installation is ready for the next operating cycle.

Brief description of the drawings.

Fig. 1 - Diagram of a device for unpacking boxed packaging of various sizes, including briquettes, with materials prone to agglomeration.

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Claims (4)

1. A device for unpacking piece packaging of various sizes, with materials prone to agglomeration, as well as packaged briquettes, containing a cabin with an integrated aspiration system with filters, a working window through which packages with material are loaded, which is automatically closed with a lid, hatches for for unloading used packaging and for passing the top plate of the compactor, a table lowered into the hopper, which is mounted on a hinge on the main frame; on the side of the hopper opposite to the location of the hinge there is a guide with two carriages, on each of which there is a spindle with a disk cutter or a quick-release knife, as well as optical or ultrasonic sensors that track the edge of the package, a briquette chopper is attached to the bottom of the hopper, a compactor for used packaging is attached to the right side of the frame, which has its own frame, there are longitudinal rail guides on the upper frame along which the movable frame moves, on the left side of the frame there are transverse rail guides along which the carriage moves; on the right side there are racks, on which, in turn, a package gripping unit with radial sharp grips is secured through levers, which transfer the emptied packaging and stack the latter in an oriented manner in a compactor, where they are pressed into a stack in a cassette. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable frame ensures the movement of the opening organ and the released packaging into the compactor. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed to provide oriented feeding of used packaging into the compactor. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aspiration system with filters provides pneumatic cleaning of all surfaces when switching to loading another material.