RU2815105C1 - Tie rods system (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a device for temporary opening of a ceiling during reconstruction and overhaul of buildings. Device for temporary release of the ceiling consisting of metal beams with concrete filling between them includes tie rods made in the form of rods with thread at the ends. Tie rods are attached by means of a threaded connection to anchors from an angular profile passed through the holes in the concrete filling, and are installed vertically to the metal beams. Rods are located with formation of acute angle between them, top of which is located in middle of beam span. Divergent ends of the rods are attached to the longitudinal walls, wherein the rods are located above and below the maintained overlap; in the second version, the rods are installed perpendicular to the beam in the middle of its span, and the ends of the rods are passed through the transverse wall and are located above and under the preserved ceiling.

EFFECT: preventing bending of stored beams in horizontal plane.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to the temporary fastening of retained parts of unreinforced concrete floors on metal beams when replacing individual beams, and can be used in the reconstruction and major repairs of buildings, as well as for strengthening by fixing the compression of flat sections of masonry in cases where the use of spacers that block the necessary technological or architectural opening in the light is not allowed.

A known system of parallel strands of round reinforcement for long-term (permanent) fixation of the spatial position of parallel brick walls. The spatial position of brick walls is fixed by tightening steel tension belts with parallel ties made of round reinforcement, transmitting a compensating tightening force “inside the building” to the brick walls (see LENZHILNIIPROEKT. “Typical building structures, products and assemblies for major repairs of buildings in Leningrad. SERIES 2.130.6 -KR-1. Details of brick walls for major repairs and reconstruction of residential buildings." Sheet 1).

The disadvantage of this system is the impossibility of its use for fixing the preserved sections of floors on steel beams, since after the formation of an opening in the ceiling, the force created by parallel horizontal strands, fixed perpendicular to the middles of the preserved beams, causes bending (shear) of these beams in the horizontal plane in the direction " to the opening" and the exit of concrete sections from the zone of support on the lower flanges of I-beams.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a method of strengthening brick walls using ties made of smooth round reinforcement. As an element distributing forces on the wall masonry, two channels were used, installed vertically from the outside on the transverse wall on both sides of the longitudinal wall. In one node, the strand is passed through a hole in the wall of the channel, pressed against the masonry, and in the other node, two sections of the channel are passed through holes in the wall masonry. The force distributed through two channels onto the wall masonry at the floor marks, pressing the transverse wall to the longitudinal one, is created by tensioning the steel reinforcing strands by tightening the nuts along the threaded ends of each strand. This makes it possible to ensure a symmetrical compression force (see album SERIES 2.130.6-KR-1 Details of brick walls for major repairs and reconstruction of residential buildings. - LenzhilNIIproekt. - 1989. - Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The disadvantage of this system of ties when solving the problem of fixing the preserved sections of floors along steel beams in the area of the proposed opening is that the rigid connections (ties) fixed in places of maximum bending moment (to the middle of the preserved beams) and perpendicular to them cause and transmit synchronous bending to the floor beams in horizontal plane, which leads to cracking of the preserved concrete fillings and can lead to the exit of these sections from the zone of support on the lower flanges of I-beams, which in turn can lead to a fracture, distortion or an avalanche-like sequential collapse of the spans of fillings.

The technical problem of the known solutions for bracing sections of unreinforced floors on steel beams is the transmission of compressive (fixing) forces in their middle section along lines perpendicular to the beams, eliminating the use of spacers, due to the need for a free span for dismantling and supplying a new beam. In view of this, it is possible that all retained beams may bend in the horizontal plane due to the resulting uncompensated lateral thrust from the weight of the concrete fillings. In addition, cracking of the retained fillings and loss of adhesion between the concrete fillings and the lower flanges of I-beams is possible, followed by an avalanche collapse of the interbeam spans of the concrete fillings of the floors. The essence of the claimed invention is that:

- in the first embodiment, a device for temporarily securing a floor consisting of metal beams with concrete filling between them includes ties made in the form of rods with threads at the ends. The rods are attached by means of a threaded connection to anchors passed through holes in the concrete filling and installed vertically to metal beams. The anchors are made from an angular profile. The rods are arranged to form an acute angle between them, the apex of which is located in the middle of the beam span. The diverging ends of the rods are attached to the longitudinal walls, while the rods are located above and below the retained floor;

- in the second embodiment, a device for temporarily securing a floor consisting of metal beams with concrete filling between them includes ties made in the form of rods with threads at the ends. The rods are attached by means of a threaded connection to anchors passed through holes in the concrete filling and installed vertically to metal beams. The anchors are made from an angular profile. The rods are installed perpendicular to the beam in the middle of its span, and the ends of the rods are drawn through the transverse wall and are located above and below the retained floor.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is the formation of a resultant force that prevents displacement in the horizontal plane under the action of lateral thrust of the floor parts preserved on both sides of the intended opening and prevents the arching of the retained beams in the horizontal plane, cracking of the retained fillings, and the release of the concrete fillings from the adhesion with the lower flanges I-beams with subsequent avalanche collapse of the inter-beam spans of concrete floor fillings.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by diagrams, where:

- figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for temporarily securing the ceiling;

- figure 2 - node A, view 1;

- figure 3 - node B, view 2.

In both versions, the device for temporarily securing the floor to the beams includes ties made in the form of rods 1 with threads at the ends, which are inserted into anchors 2 and secured with nuts 3 through a threaded connection. Anchors 2 are installed vertically to the metal beam 4 of the floor and are made of rolled angles.

According to the first option, rods 1 form an acute angle with the apex in the middle of the beam span and the ends of rods 1 at the longitudinal walls 5.

According to the second option, rods 1 are installed perpendicular to the beam in the middle of its span through transverse wall 6.

In both options, the rods are located above and below the retained floor.

In the first version, the ties are made in the form of four steel rods 1 of smooth round reinforcement with screw threads at the ends. Three anchors 2 made of rolled steel corner No. 63, ~ 375 mm long, with four holes 7 for inserting the ends of rods 1 into them. On each side of the opening of the row section, each pair of rods 1 forms an acute angle with the apex in the middle of the beam span and the ends of the rods 1 directly adjacent longitudinal walls 5. The short length of the arm from the wall to the place of symmetrical installation of two anchors 2 of the row half-set guarantees that there is no shift in the horizontal plane of the retained part of the floor, as would be the case if rod 1 was located in the middle and perpendicular to the beam. Rods 1 are located in two levels: directly above and below the preserved sections of the floors. Anchors 2 are installed vertically with the edges of the shelves to the beams (for an ordinary section).

In the second version, the ties are made in the form of one pair of rods, the ends of which are fixed perpendicular to the beam through two specially made holes 8 in the non-load-bearing transverse wall to two anchors 9 from sections of angle No. 63 with a length of 350 (flange to the beam) and No. 100 and a length of 700 mm ( shelf to the wall), and the latter distributes the forces arising in the brickwork of the wall when the rods are tensioned. The ends of the rods that have passed through the wall are passed through the holes in the corner and nuts 3 are used to compress the strands through the corner and the wooden spacer from the board to the wall, thereby tensioning them and, consequently, fixing the position of the outer beam of the preserved section of the floor near the non-load-bearing (transverse) walls.

The device for temporarily securing the ceiling consists of two semi-sets A and B (see Fig. 1) of different configurations depending on the proximity of the transverse wall to the location of the intended opening in the ceiling. For the case of the proposed opening near a non-load-bearing wall, the semi-set includes two pairs of rods installed at an angle <90° to each other on the side of the opening farthest from the transverse wall, as well as a pair of rods installed perpendicular to the beam in its middle on the side of the opening closest to the wall. In this case, a pair of rods is fixed to the transverse wall. For the case of the proposed opening in the middle zone of the room, the device for temporarily securing the floor includes two identical semi-sets in the amount of eight rods, mounted by nodes A and A1 to the floor beams symmetrically to the proposed opening, two pairs of rods at an angle of <90° to each other. Two anchors of different half-sets are installed in the middle of the span of the outer beams of the proposed assembly opening located on the border of the dismantled spans, and the remaining two anchors, passed through small holes in the ceiling, are placed on the four separated ends of the rods as close as possible to the main walls.

The invention is implemented as follows.

After preheating with a blowtorch any section of a rod 1 m long, compressing the threaded connections of the anchors to the preserved beams by moving the nuts along the threads of the upper and lower rods on both sides of the opening, and after additional compression of the anchors due to the linear compression of the rods during cooling, the sections of the preserved floor adjacent to the opening become rigidly fixed from the action of horizontal force that occurs after removing the concrete filling of the floors in the opening area, which eliminates cracking and loss of concrete fillings of the retained parts of the floor from the lower flanges of the I-beams. Also, a device for temporarily securing the floor allows you to easily, safely and technologically carry out work on dismantling existing beams and supplying new ones to the installation site. The rods, attached to each other and to the floor beams, create a force that prevents the beams from bending into the opening under the influence of lateral thrust from the weight of the floor filling. The maximum bending moment of beams in the horizontal plane from the lateral thrust on the side of the retained floor acts along the lines “type 1” and “2”. As a result of dismantling the filling of two spans, necessary to replace beam 10, lateral thrust will appear in the retained floor, which was previously compensated by the compressive strength of the sections of concrete filling of two adjacent beams 10 to the replaced beam. In this case, the horizontal shear and tensile forces arising in the ceiling, with insufficient adhesion of the rubble concrete filling to the lower flanges and walls of the beams, will cause cracking and an avalanche-like fall out of pieces of filling along the spans. The operating principle of the device for temporarily securing the floor is based on the rigid connection of all elements of the semi-assemblies, ensuring immobility (staticity) of the preserved sections of the floor. The rigidity of the connection of anchors, rods and retained floor beams is achieved due to the support of the anchor parts in the rolled metal of the floor beams, which occurs when the screw pair (nut - threaded rod) of the strand is tightened through the hole in the anchor. The device for temporarily securing the floor is mounted without scaffolding, directly from the floor to be strengthened. The device allows you to use the entire opening area for supplying large loads. The device is universal, works both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical, with strands of various lengths, and is suitable for use when working with structures made of various materials: ceramic stones, concrete, lumber, metal structures.

Thus, the inventive device for temporarily securing the ceiling can reliably ensure the integrity of the structures being preserved and increase the safety of work; it is compact and easy to install.

Claims (2)

1. A device for temporarily securing a floor consisting of metal beams with concrete filling between them, including ties made in the form of rods with threads at the ends, which are attached by means of a threaded connection to anchors passed through holes in the concrete filling, and installed vertically to the metal beams, characterized in that the anchors are made of an angular profile, and the rods are located to form an acute angle between them, the apex of which is located in the middle of the beam span, and the diverging ends of the rods are attached to the longitudinal walls, while the rods are located above and below the retained floor. 2. A device for temporarily securing a floor consisting of metal beams with concrete filling between them, including ties made in the form of rods with threads at the ends, which are attached by means of a threaded connection to anchors passed through holes in the concrete filling, and installed vertically to the metal beams, characterized in that the anchors are made of an angular profile, and the rods are installed perpendicular to the beam in the middle of its span, and the ends of the rods are drawn through the transverse wall and are located above and below the retained floor.