RU2814677C1 - Hand grenade of non-lethal action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons, namely to hand grenade of non-lethal action. Hand grenade of non-lethal action comprises rectangular body, charging cavity, charge of light-sound or irritant composition or their combination, fuse with safety device. Body is made in the form factor of a smartphone in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. Charging cavity is made in grenade body and filled with pyrotechnic composition. Charging cavity includes a pyrotechnic drive distributed along the charging cavity, which is equipped with pyrotechnic pseudo-initiating mixtures or substances. Fuse with a safety device includes an igniter-retarder and a detonator connected to a pyrotechnic drive. Igniter with safety device is actuated by one button, slider or key, completely hidden by outer surface of body generatrix or additional protective surface, and is controlled by only one hand of the user.

EFFECT: providing the impossibility of identifying the grenade by its shape without protruding or clinging to the equipment elements on the body, which is launched only with one hand of the user.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a non-lethal weapon with a sound, light, irritant (irritant) means of hitting a target and is intended for use as a means of limiting targeted aggressive physical actions, deterring and dispersing an aggressive crowd in police technology for suppressing mass violations of public order and special operational actions.

State of the art

Analogs of the proposed invention are hand grenades for deterring and dispersing aggressive crowds and special operational actions with light-sound and irritant compositions such as “Zarya”, “Fakel-S”, “GSZ”, “Dreif-2” “Vprysk-P” etc. [1 ]. The disadvantages of grenades are the problematic possibility of using them in a crowd of people due to the high risk of injury in the event of a close explosion, and most importantly for non-aggressive participants in the crowd. An explosion of a grenade in a crowd is traumatic, since the high-explosive-crushing effect of an explosion of pyrotechnic light-sound compositions of type 88-40 in the shell (body) of a grenade is from 40...70% of the high-explosive-crushing effect of an explosion of military explosive TNT, and in terms of high explosiveness it can superior to TNT. Most designs of light-and-sound grenades, when exploded, also form solid fragments of both non-metallic bodies of hand grenades and metal parts of grenade fuses or remains of grenade launcher fuses. Practice shows that a light-sound grenade that explodes close to biological objects, as a rule, causes severe mechanical injuries, including crushing and tearing off limbs. As practice shows, law enforcement officers use light and sound grenades extremely rarely and only in exceptional cases, realizing their high risk of injury and the risks of subsequent administrative and even (in the case of fatal injuries) criminal liability.

The recommended distance from the above grenades when they explode (so as not to cause serious injury to people) is 2...5 m. The disadvantage is the very high price of hand-held flash-and-sound grenades, which does not allow their use in the quantities necessary to solve various operational tasks. For example, the cost of the Zarya-2 hand-held flash-and-sound grenade, the most common in the Russian security services, is 2,340.12 rubles per 1 piece. as of April 26, 2018. The cost of the “Drofa-PM” hand-held light and sound irritation grenade in 2014 was 13,472.09 rubles per 1 piece. (tender https://zakupki.kontur.ru/0342100003114000353). The disadvantage of analogues is the possibility of the grenade rolling after falling near the target, which in many cases does not allow hitting the target accurately, as well as the impossibility of using grenades on stairs due to the even greater effect of the grenades rolling down, including the possibility of rolling back onto the user. The main disadvantage of the analogues is the impossibility of detonating them with one hand by the user due to the fact that first the safety pin (ring) must be removed from the analogue grenades and this action is carried out only with two hands, just like the launching of grenades with a grating fuse.

The prototype of the claimed invention is a light-sound or irritant grenade from Rheinmetall "Spectac" [2]. The grenade has a rectangular oblong body, not rounded at the corners and edges, in the form of a straight parallelepiped with a pyrotechnic light and sound composition (charge) inside, a grenade fuse (fuse) semi-hidden in the body with a safety device in the form of a standard pin, a trigger guard and an ignition-retarding device for initiating the detonation of the charge. Activation of a grenade to produce a light and sound effect (detonation, explosion) is carried out by holding the grenade in one hand throwing the grenade, tightly grasping the trigger guard with the other hand, and with the other finger of the other hand the user must pick up the pin ring, turn it perpendicular to the plane of the side of the grenade and pull it out of the grenade body with his finger then throw a grenade at the target. When the grenade is released (flight), the trigger guard flies off, and the ignition-retardant device with a detonator or igniter of the light-sound composition of the grenade is activated, and after a certain set time of burning of the moderator, an explosion of the pyrotechnic light-sound composition occurs in the grenade body. According to Rheinmetall, the exit of flame and gases from the grenade body during an explosion occurs from the ends of the grenade on the small sides of the parallelepiped. The advantage of the prototype is the practical impossibility of rolling a grenade after falling near the target, which allows you to hit the target accurately, as well as the possibility of using grenades on stairs due to the absence of the effect of grenades rolling down, including the possibility of rolling back onto the user. Is the flattened shape of the grenade also an advantage? which allows the user to comfortably store and carry a grenade in pockets, unloadings, flat pouches that do not protrude significantly above the uniform. It is also more convenient to store and carry the grenade covertly under the clothes of operational workers. The disadvantage of the grenade is that during the explosion, flames and gases fly away from the body in two horizontal directions from the ends of the grenade with small sides and can injure both the user? if he finds himself close to the site of the explosion or civilians in a crowd not involved in the riots. The disadvantage of the grenade is also its obviously high cost? since mechanical grenade fuses with a standard pin and trigger guard make up the bulk of the cost of hand grenades. For example, the cost of a similar domestic PPM U-515/U-517 fuse for flash-noise hand grenades is 976.4 rubles. for 1 piece (tender https://penza.initpro.ru/tender/46454973 dated 07/18/2019).

The disadvantage of the grenade also lies in the partial protrusion of the actuation controls above the surface of the grenade, the presence of cutouts, recesses and crevices? which can cling to items of clothing or pouches, making it difficult for the user to quickly remove items of clothing or ammunition and launch the necessary grenade. A grenade can be easily identified by its appearance as a grenade due to the visible pin-ring and trigger guard, which impairs the possibility of its operational use. The disadvantage of the prototype is also the practical impossibility of reducing the thickness of the grenade? since in powdered light-sound compositions in a thin layer they do not develop the explosive combustion necessary for a powerful light-sound pulse (with a deflagration speed of more than 300 m/s).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability of the user to activate the grenade using only one hand. At the same time, the user’s second hand, which is necessary to activate the grenade, may at the necessary moment be busy holding the weapon, captured by the enemy, or injured? preventing it from being used.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical problem lies in the need to create a hand-held flash-noise or irritant grenade of low cost, flat in shape with the impossibility of identification by shape, without elements on the body protruding or clinging to elements of the user’s equipment, with the ability to operate it with one hand of the user.

The technical result consists in ensuring the impossibility of identifying a grenade by its shape without protruding or clinging to the equipment elements on the body, launched only with one hand of the user.

This technical result is achieved by using a non-lethal hand grenade according to the present invention. The grenade contains a rectangular body, a charging cavity, a charge of a light-sound or irritant composition, or a combination thereof, a fuse with a safety device, while the body is made in the form factor of a smartphone in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the charging cavity is made in the grenade body and is filled with a pyrotechnic composition, while the charging cavity includes a pyrotechnic drive distributed throughout the charging cavity, equipped with pyrotechnic pseudo-initiating mixtures or substances, and the fuse with a safety device includes an igniter-moderator and a detonator connected to the pyrotechnic drive, the fuse with the safety device is activated by one button, the slider or key is completely hidden the outer surface of the body forming part or an additional protective surface and controlled only by one hand of the user.

An additional feature is that the fuse is made of an electric piezogenerator.

An additional feature is that the case is a metal frame with double-sided covers.

An additional feature is that the lids are pre-cut surfaces for programmed destruction.

An additional feature is that the fuse retardant is made of a gas-free pyrotechnic composition or material.

An additional feature is that the retarder igniter is made of a gas-free pyrotechnic composition or material.

An additional feature is that the fuse has an additional electronic fuse for detonation initiation.

An additional feature is that the igniter has LED indicators of operating modes

Brief description of drawings

Fig.1. External view of a grenade with an internal cutout for launching (views from both sides).

Fig. 2. View of a grenade with a transparent top cover and a safety sticker.

Fig. 3. View of the grenade (middle section along the plane).

Fig.4. Appearance of a grenade with an external cutout for launching (views from both sides).

Fig. 5. View of a grenade with a transparent top cover and a sticker (the fuse is presented transparent and separated from the frame).

Fig. 6. View of the grenade (middle section along the end).

Carrying out the invention

Fig. 1. Frame 1, top cover 2, double-sided safety sticker 3 (additional protective surface), gas release sticker 4, start button position marker 5.

Fig. 2. Frame 1, bottom cover 6, charging cavity 7, start button 8, piezoelectric generator 9, igniter-moderator 10, detonator 11, distributed pyrotechnic drive 12.

Fig. 3. Start button 8, ignition electrode 13 of the piezoelectric generator 9, pyrotechnic ignition composition 14, pyrotechnic transition composition 15, pyrotechnic retarding composition 16, gas release hole 17, detonator 11.

Fig. 4. Frame 18, top cover 19, double-sided safety sticker 20, gas release sticker 21, fragile fuse 22 with internal fuse notch 23 (see Fig. 5).

Fig. 5. Frame 18, fragile fuse 22, internal notch 23 of the fuse, bottom cover 24, charging cavity 25, start button 8, piezoelectric generator 9, igniter-moderator 26, gas release hole 27, detonator 11, distributed pyrotechnic drive 12.

Fig. 6. Ignition electrode 13 of the piezoelectric generator 9, pyrotechnic ignition composition 14, pyrotechnic transition composition 15, pyrotechnic retarding composition 16, gas release hole 27, detonator 11.

The presented figures show the device of a grenade in predominantly the simplest and cheapest possible design with a launch energy source in the form of a piezoelectric generator for pocket gas lighters. The cost of one piezoelectric generator for lighters is only $0.4-0.5 US at retail. The grenades presented in the figures are made in the shape of a cell phone or smartphone in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with pronounced rounded edges and corners to prevent accidental installation of a grenade after falling on the edge. The prototype grenade does not have pronounced roundings and can, after falling, be installed on a fairly wide edge since the thickness of the grenade is 20 mm, in contrast to the proposed grenade, which in the designs shown in the figures has a thickness of only 12 mm (Fig. 4) and 10 mm (Fig. 1), but can be less than 10 mm thick. The presented figures in the parts of the charging cavity of the grenade do not depict a charge of a light-sound or irritant composition or a combination thereof, which can be placed in the charging cavity of the grenade by filling method or in the form of a pressed form or in a fabric or plastic cap; the specific filling of the cavity is determined technologically. For trouble-free initiation of a light-sound composition or an expelling charge of an irritant, and even more so a combined charge (for example, a mixture of granules of an expelling charge with an irritant powder) distributed in the charging cavity in a thin layer (8-6 mm or less) in which explosive combustion, as a rule, is not organized even with In the presence of a strong steel cylindrical shell, a powerful initiating impulse is required. Moreover, even in mechanically activated mixtures similar to light and sound (Al/PCC), the length of the transition to detonation or explosive combustion reaches 7 cm (i.e., more than the length of parts of the charging cavities in the proposed grenade) [2]. Therefore, in the proposed grenade, to reliably initiate explosive combustion, a pyrotechnic amplifying distributed drive, similar in meaning (fast transmission of the initiating energy pulse) to the stopine one, is used. The pulse from the detonator or igniter is supplied to either stopin on pseudo-initiating substances (initiating substances with a weak initiating ability (long period increase in explosion velocity) such as lead trinitroresorcinate, pentaamine perchlorate (5-cyano-2H-tetrazolato-N2)cobalt (III)), etc., or pyrotechnic mixtures such as chlorate stopine) placed with a gap in a flexible shell (for example, in a thin-walled plastic ), or filled with the specified powdery pseudo-initiating substances, thin-walled elastic tubes that are destroyed when the specified substances are detonated, distributed in parts of the charging cavity throughout the volume of the charging cavity. The detonation of a charge of a light-sound composition or an expelling charge of an irritant is thus actually carried out not from a detonator or igniter, but from an explosive impulse developed by a pyrotechnic drive distributed in the charge. When filling a grenade with irritant compounds, it is also necessary to comply with the conditions for its placement and placement of the expelling charge, which allows for guaranteed spraying of the irritant composition during the explosion of the expelling charge.

The body of the grenade can be made, for example, cast from two cast polymer halves fastened together, or made by blowing in the form of a hollow rectangle, however, such a design will almost always guarantee the scattering of fragments of the body destroyed by the explosion to the sides and possible injuries to people located close to the site of the grenade explosion. It is advisable to make a grenade with a power frame and body halves in the form of frame covers. The frame can be made of flexible metals, but mainly from a steel strip to increase the strength of the frame and the weight of the grenade (necessary for throwing a sufficient distance) and by butt welding or stamping of the ends. The frame can also be made of high-strength reinforced plastic materials. The body covers (frames) are secured in the frame by gluing, mechanical locks, latches or other types of fastening, for example, self-tapping screws, bolts or screws, but fastening methods without gluing increase the cost of the grenade, requiring more complex manufacturing technologies with the making of counter protrusions or holes, or protrusions in the frame. The covers can be made of plastic or metal in the form of thin, almost membrane-like covers, welded around the perimeter to the frame to guarantee rupture during an explosion while preventing fragmentation. The covers may have undercuts to guarantee the destruction of the cover along the undercuts to prevent fragments of the destroyed cover from flying out to the sides of the grenade with the predominant flight of the destroyed fragments up or down relative to the preferential position of the grenade after falling (on one of the flat sides (on the covers). In this position, the grenades In an explosion, flames, gases and fragments of a destroyed hull scatter mainly only up and down relative to the ground, since a strong frame that does not collapse during an explosion limits the scattering to the sides.

The grenade retarder is made primarily from a retarded gas-free pyrotechnic composition to prevent the release of smoke from the grenade after it arrives at the target and, accordingly, reduce the likelihood of the target realizing the fact of the arrival of the grenade, with the corresponding response to take cover or protect the organs of hearing and vision. The moderator can be made, in addition to gas-free pyrotechnic mixtures, from bimetallic wire or foil of the “Pyrofuse” (reactive material) type, in particular, from wire or foil with an aluminum core and a shell of nickel or palladium (or their alloys). The retarder igniter can also be made of highly sensitive gas-free compounds, for example, nanothermites (MIC), incl. nano-like high-energy materials and without metal combustibles, for example, energy-saturated composites (ENC) based on nanoporous silicon. In the figures, the grenade has a gas release hole 17; 27 performed only for grenades with igniters and retarders on non-gas pyrotechnic compositions. Grenades with an electronic initiation timer (see below) also do not have additional holes on the body.

The grenade can have either a mechanical (pre-compressed as in standard fuses for most hand grenades and piercing the primer upon launch, or a compressed upon launch and released spring piercing the igniter) or electrical source of launch energy (piezoelectric generator, magnetic pulse generator (MIG), electric battery or electric battery). A grenade that has an electric battery or accumulator must be able to safely replace the battery or accumulator after a specified storage time.

If there is an electric launch energy source in the grenade, it is also advisable to use it for the operation of additional electronic safety systems, indication of operating modes, regulation of deceleration time, etc. For example, a grenade may have an additional electronic fuse (safety sensor). An additional electronic fuse prevents the grenade explosion delay from starting to operate until the user releases the grenade from the throwing hand. An additional fuse operates when covering the grenade body; it can be capacitive, inductive, optical, ultrasonic, or any other type of sensor. If there is an additional fuse, the grenade is launched as follows. The user, tightly grasping the grenade by the body, presses the launch button (switch, key), breaking the fragile fuse or destroying the safety seal. In this case, power is supplied to the microcontroller of the electronic circuit and the safety sensor turns on and waits for the user’s hand to release from it. When a grenade is thrown at a target, the sensor triggers an electronic timer or a pyrotechnic delay device for the grenade explosion. When there is no longer a need to throw a grenade at the target, the user presses the start button again and the power supply is completely disconnected from the electronic circuit, excluding the start of the explosion retarder. These actions can be accompanied by the operation of indicator LEDs located on the grenade body in a place convenient for visual inspection. For example, when you press a button, a green LED lights up, indicating that power is supplied to the electronic circuit. When the user releases the grenade with his hand, a red LED lights up, signaling the start of the moderator and the imminent explosion. When you press the button again, the green LED goes out, signaling a complete shutdown of the power supply and the start of the retarder. If the sensor does not work, for example, when the hand does not cover it completely, the green and red or one red LED lights up at once, signaling the start of the moderator and an imminent explosion. However, such designs of the grenade worsen the secrecy of the grenade during operational use. A button, a slider or a key for driving the ignition into action can be located on the side faces or inside the housing in a corresponding cutout of the housing generatrix. Their location is determined by the most successful ergonomics for the given body dimensions or by the customer’s technical specifications.

Shown in FIG. 1. The grenade works as follows. The user removes the grenade by hand from clothing or a pouch. By pressing with the index finger of the same hand, the user breaks through (pierces) the safety double-sided sticker 3 and, by inserting his finger into the hole of the housing covers (in this case, the housing hole can be made either in the center of the body as in the figure or shifted to the short sides of the housing in accordance with better ergonomics), presses it press the launch button 8 and throws a grenade at the target. It is advisable to make the double-sided sticker 3 from adhesive aluminum foil of the required thickness so that it can be pierced with a finger, not with too little force and not with too much force to make tearing difficult. The sticker can have the size and color of a black smartphone screen, covering the surface of the grenade right up to the frame to make it difficult to identify it as a grenade.

The pressing force of button 8 in all of the above versions of the grenade is selected to be large enough to exclude accidental pressing, just as accidental pressing is excluded by significant force on the trigger of firearm revolvers and professional semi-automatic pistols without a safety lock. For example, the force on the piezoelectric generator for pocket gas lighters is known (2.5-3.0 kg), but cases of accidental ignition of lighters in the pockets of hundreds of millions of lighter owners are not known. Marker 5 shows in which direction you need to press button 8 after breaking through the double-sided sticker 3. The grenade falls near the target and, due to the flat body that prevents rolling, is installed predominantly with its flat side towards the ground or floor of the room. When you press button 8, which is part of the piezoelectric generator 9, it generates an electric spark pulse of electric current, which initiates a pyrotechnic ignition composition 13 pressed into the body of the igniter-moderator 10, located between the end-electrode of the piezoelectric generator 9 and the ignition electrode 12, which is not a special part, but simply the lead wire of the piezoelectric generator 9 is bent and sealed in the housing of the igniter-retarder 10. The combustion of composition 13 ignites the pyrotechnic transition composition 14, the combustion of which in turn ignites the pyrotechnic retarding composition 15. Gases formed from the combustion of the igniter and transition composition are emitted into the atmosphere from gas release hole 16, breaking through the gas release sticker 4. The combustion of the retarding composition 15 is not accompanied by the release of smoke from the grenade and does not give the target the opportunity to realize that the flat object that has flown towards it is a grenade. After the retarding composition 15 burns out for a given time (4-8 s), it initiates the detonator 11, from which the distributed drive 12 is initiated and then the pyrotechnic light and sound composition filling the charging cavity 7 of the grenade.

The detonator 11 is predominantly a charge of a primary explosive with a low initiating ability approximately equivalent in power to the detonation pulse of a detonator capsule No. 1 or less, or a charge of pseudo-initiating substances or a pyrotechnic mixture with a high burning rate with a rapid transition to low-velocity detonation (for example, chlorate mixtures ). The grenade explodes, while the main emission of flame, combustion gases of the light and sound composition, or gases and fragments of the destroyed body fly up and down relative to the ground, since a strong frame limits emissions to the sides.

Shown in FIG. 4. The grenade works as follows. The user removes the grenade by hand from clothing or a pouch. By pressing the index finger of the same hand, the user presses on the fragile fuse 22, which, with a certain force, breaks along the internal notch 23 (see Fig. 5) of the fuse and along its lateral frame-supporting surfaces. At the same time, the safety double-sided sticker 20 is wrinkled and torn. If the fuse is sufficiently broken, the button 8 of the piezoelectric generator 9 is also pressed. The user throws a grenade at the target. Further processes for launching the grenade initiation proceed according to the algorithm described above in Fig. 1. Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 grenades with a frame, covers and igniter-retarder body made of plastic materials are not detected by metal detectors due to the insignificant weight of the metal in the piezoelectric generator, which further increases the possibility of their operational use.

A grenade with a mechanical or electrical launch energy source is launched in a manner similar to that described above, with the only difference being that the start button either opens the hold lock with a pre-compressed spring with a striker that breaks the igniter capsule, or first compresses and then releases a spring with a striker that breaks the igniter capsule. , or is actually an electric switch button that supplies power from an electric battery or accumulator, either to an electric igniter, or to an electronic circuit with additional safety devices and (or) other options for the operation of electronic initiation circuits described above.

List of cited sources:

1. https://topwar.ru/30277-specialnye-sredstva-neletalnogo-vozdeystviya.html

2. https://www.rheinmetall.com/en/rheinmetall_ag/press/news/latest_news/index_25984.php

3. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:E_-B5yc-jmQJ:journals.ioffe.ru/articles/viewPDF/47627&cd=1&hl=ru&ct=clnk&gl=ru (Low-gas detonation in low-density mechanically activated powder mixtures).

Claims (8)

1. A non-lethal hand grenade containing a rectangular body, a charging cavity, a charge of a light-sound or irritant composition or a combination thereof, a fuse with a safety device, characterized in that the body is made in the form factor of a smartphone in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the charging cavity is made in the grenade body and filled with a pyrotechnic composition, wherein the charging cavity includes a pyrotechnic drive distributed over the charging cavity, equipped with pyrotechnic pseudo-initiating mixtures or substances, and the fuse with a safety device includes an igniter-retarder and a detonator connected to the pyrotechnic drive, the fuse with the safety device is actuated by one a button, slider or key completely hidden by the outer surface of the housing or an additional protective surface, and is controlled by only one hand of the user. 2. The grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse is made of an electric piezogenerator. 3. A grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is a metal frame with double-sided covers. 4. A grenade according to claim 3, characterized in that the covers are surfaces with ready-made undercuts for programmed destruction. 5. A grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse retardant is made of a gas-free pyrotechnic composition or material. 6. A grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the igniter of the fuse retarder is made of a gas-free pyrotechnic composition or material. 7. The grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse has an additional electronic fuse for initiating detonation. 8. The grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse has LED indicators of operating modes.