RU2811188C1 - Method for providing immobilizer unlocking and keyless starting of vehicle engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio communication.

SUBSTANCE: method for unlocking an immobilizer and starting a vehicle engine. The method consists of exchanging data between on-board and portable transmitting and receiving devices via radio communication. Radio communication is formed in the area of interaction between transmitting and receiving devices. Onboard and portable transceiver devices are configured in advance with the possibility of forming a duplex communication line operating in a cyclic channel change algorithm. If the on -board transceiver receives reliable data, the immobilizer is unlocked and the ban on keyless starting of the vehicle engine is lifted.

EFFECT: provision of immobilizer unlocking and keyless engine starting via a short-range radio communication line under the influence of external electromagnetic fields.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to keyless access systems for vehicles (ATS), providing* deactivation of the standard immobilizer for the ATS (English - immobilizer - immobilizer) and keyless starting of the ATS engine via an interference-proof short-range radio communication line under conditions of external electromagnetic fields (EMF).

* - Provide - make it completely possible, realistically feasible - see “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”, S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova, M. “AZ”, 1995, p. 418.

From patent RU 2633141, IPC B60R25/00, publ. 10/11/2017, a car security system is known that contains, in addition to the standard immobilizer and key fob of the PBX, a car alarm unit connected to the CAN bus of the PBX, and a wireless communication unit containing a radio receiver, configured to connect a smartphone with an Internet server, with the car alarm unit and with a key fob (portable radio transmitter), as well as with the ability to connect the car alarm unit with PBX equipment and security system units equipped with transceivers adapted to work with the wireless communication unit. At the same time, the car security system is designed, among other things, with the ability to control the state of the immobilizer mediated by a smartphone.

In the description of the solution to patent RU 2633141 there is no indication of the possibility of radio channel restructuring of the automobile security system in the event that the vehicle encounters unfavorable circumstances, from the point of view of electromagnetic influence, that may block the implementation of the function of disarming/arming the vehicle.

The second disadvantage of this solution is the possibility of attackers intercepting the control channel of a car security system implemented via a GSM connection, which increases the likelihood of theft of the vehicle.

From patent RU 84319, IPC B60R 25/00, publ. 07/10/2009, a device for keyless engine starting of a vehicle via a radio channel is known, containing a processing unit installed on the vehicle, as well as an associated cellular communication module and an interface unit designed for communication with external devices, equipped with inputs for connecting security sensors and monitoring the condition of the engine and vehicle ignition system, as well as outputs for starting the starter, controlling the engine ignition system and bypassing the vehicle immobilizer.

The processing unit is programmed with the ability to receive a signal from the cellular communication module about the receipt of an incoming call from a given telephone number, then issue control signals through the interface unit to remotely start the engine or to support the ignition of an engine started with the key after removing the key from the ignition switch, or to stop the running engine and with the possibility of subsequent control of engine starting, with sending an appropriate SMS notification in case of unsuccessful start.

The disadvantage of this solution is that in the absence or uncertain reception of cellular communications, it is impossible to start the automatic telephone exchange via a radio channel, and also if the control channel is intercepted, the automatic telephone exchange can be stolen due to the scheme for bypassing the immobilization of the automatic telephone exchange provided in the method.

The Technical Regulations of the Customs Union dated December 9, 2011 N 018/2011 “On the safety of wheeled vehicles,” p. 103, clause 1.1, as amended in force from May 20, 2023, indicate that vehicles of categories M, N, L ₆ and L ₇ are permanently equipped with systems to prevent unauthorized activation of the engine by normal means. In case of registration of voluntary automobile insurance of a vehicle (CASCO - a variant of the abbreviation - “Comprehensive automobile insurance, except liability”), insurance companies recommend and encourage the installation of an additional immobilizer (an immobilizer for the insurance company) on the insured vehicle. Thus, it can be argued that any vehicle introduced into civil circulation is equipped with at least one system to prevent unauthorized use of its engine (preventing attempted theft of the vehicle). In addition to the above, modern cars, to ensure the convenience and comfort of operating the vehicle, are increasingly equipped with a keyless entry and engine start system. In relation to the LADA Vesta NG car, see the Internet resource https://lada.online/reviews-tests/lada-vesta-reviews-tests/26526-obzor-sistemy-beskljuchevogo-dostupa-i-zapuska-dvigatelja-lada-vesta -ng.html , the latter contains a set of key cards, which, among other things, combine the following devices:

- remote control for opening/closing door and trunk locks and remote engine start,

- electronic tag for starting the engine using the “start/stop” button or the “hands-free” function.

Extrapolating from what is given in this paragraph, it can be argued that any modern car is equipped with:

- a portable (on-board) transceiver device for immobilization and keyless engine start, included as standard in the on-board network of the vehicle, which, as an option, can be implemented as part of one or more on-board electrical equipment of the vehicle, for example, as part of an instrument cluster and/or controller engine control systems,

- a portable (portable) transceiver device, which can be implemented in the form of a key fob / bracelet / key card containing a remote control for remote control of opening / closing door and trunk locks, as well as an electronic tag for identifying the portable transceiver device and starting engine using the immobilizer and engine start controls located in the passenger compartment/cabin of the vehicle.

The prototype of the proposed invention is taken from the book by Nikolaev P.A. Electromagnetic compatibility of motor vehicles [Text] / Nikolaev P.A., Kechiev L.N. / Ed. L.N. Kechieva. – M.: Grifon, 2015. – 424 p. – (EMC Library) a method for unlocking the immobilizer and starting the engine of a vehicle using a short-range communication line** formed between a portable and portable transceiver device via a channel** (radio channel) at an operating frequency of 125 kHz, consisting of data exchange between portable and portable transceiver devices in accordance with the regulated protocol, as well as in the immobilizer removing the ban on starting the engine if the electronic tag is identified.

** - “A communication line is the propagation medium of electromagnetic waves used to transmit signals from a transmitter to a receiver... The transmitter, communication line and receiver form a communication channel” - see “Fundamentals of Radio Engineering and Communications”, Berezovsky P.P., Ekaterinburg, Publishing House Ural University, 2017, p. 50.

In the prototype method, data exchange between the on-board and portable transceiver devices is initiated upon completion of the action provided by the immobilizer control algorithm and engine start, provided that the portable transceiver device is located in the zone of its possible interaction with the on-board transceiver device (from practice - in the cabin/cabin of the vehicle), and the radio channel is implemented on the basis of the interface regulated by the ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 standard “Information technology - radio frequency identification for goods management - Part 2: Parameters for communication via the air interface below 135 kHz” (ISO /IEC 18000-2:2009 Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management – Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz).

The disadvantage of this method is the operation of the immobilizer and the portable transceiver on the same channel and, as a consequence, the impossibility of unlocking the immobilization and starting the vehicle engine when the radio channel is blocked by an external electromagnetic field.

The objective of the invention is to create a method for unlocking the immobilizer and keyless starting of the engine of a vehicle via a short-range radio communication line under conditions of external electromagnetic fields.

This problem is solved in a method for unlocking the immobilizer and starting the engine of the vehicle, which consists of exchanging, in accordance with the regulated radio protocol, data between the on-board and portable transceiver devices, carried out via a radio communication line formed in the interaction zone of the transceiver devices, as well as in the immobilizer removing the ban on starting the engine if the electronic tag of a portable transceiver device is recognized.

The technical result is achieved by:

- on-board and portable transceiver devices are formed in advance with the possibility of forming an n-channel, where (n≥2), duplex communication line specified at the development stage, operating in a cyclic channel change algorithm;

- the on-board receiving and transmitting device is configured in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels in the data transmission mode with a subsequent transition to the data standby (reception) mode;

- a portable transceiver device is formed in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels, first in the data standby (reception) mode, and in the case of receiving data from an on-board transceiver device, in the data transmission mode;

- the portable transceiver device, by default, is set to operate in radio reception mode on each of the cyclically (multiple sequentially) channels, where during one cycle the channels are re-tuned in a given frequency range ∆F _port in accordance with the sequence:

where Δ F _i is the bandwidth of the i-th channel

Δ t _i – waiting time for radio reception on the i-th channel;

i = 1, 2, … n - conditional channel number;

- By initializing the start of data exchange between the on-board and transceiver devices, performed at some point in time t _exchange (see Fig. 1, graph 2) upon completion of the action provided by the immobilizer control algorithm and engine start, the on-board transceiver device is transferred to radio transmission and data waiting modes on each of the cyclically selected channels, where during each time Δ t _i m cycles are implemented, in each of which channels are searched in a given frequency range ∆F _board in accordance with the sequence

where ∆F _port = ∆F _side ,

Δ F _j – j-th bandwidth in one transmission-waiting cycle of the on-board transceiver .

Δ t _ij is the period of operation of the onboard transceiver device, during which the onboard transceiver device performs radio data transmission and is in standby mode (radio reception) for data on the j-th channel, and

- an integer number of cycles in a time period Δ t _i , specified at the development stage and equal to the ratio of the duration of the operating time of a portable transceiver device in data standby mode on the i-th channel to the duration of the implementation of a complete search of channels in a given frequency range ∆F _board of operation on-board transceiver in data transmission and reception mode (see Figure 1, graph 4).

- The minimum duration of operation, after initialization, of the on-board transceiver device in radio transmission mode and waiting for data is equal to

- if the portable transceiver device receives reliable data, the portable transceiver device transmits a radio message containing permission to unlock the immobilizer over the channel on which the data was received from the on-board transceiver device;

- if the on-board transceiver receives reliable / undistorted data, the immobilizer is unlocked and the vehicle engine is started keyless.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1, which shows the principle of unlocking immobilization and keyless starting of the vehicle engine via a short-range radio link under conditions of external EMF:

1 – external EPM, the spectrum of which contains the frequency ranges Δ F _{1 ,} Δ F _{2 ,} Δ F _i , the time interval of which overlaps the time of implementation of the functions of unlocking immobilization and keyless starting of the vehicle engine;

2 – signal generated by the on-board electrical equipment of the vehicle upon completion of the action provided by the immobilizer control algorithm and engine start, which sets permission to exchange (initiating the start of the exchange procedure) data between the on-board and portable transceiver devices;

3 – time sequence of restructuring channels of a portable transceiver device, displaying the law of cyclic change in channel bandwidth ΔF _{1 ,}ΔF _{2 ,}ΔF _i and ΔF _n ;

4 – time sequence of restructuring of the channels of operation of the on-board transceiver, displaying the law of cyclic changes in the channel bandwidths Δ F _{1 ,} Δ F _{2 ,} Δ F _j and Δ F _n ;

5 – deactivation of the immobilizer and starting the vehicle engine.

Fig. 2, which shows the radio frequency spectrum of the implemented version of an interference-proof two-channel radio link, in which the bandwidth of the lower (relatively low-frequency) channel is partially overlapped and blocked by external EMF, and on the upper (relatively high-frequency) bandwidth the data exchange algorithm is implemented between the on-board and portable receiver -transmitting devices – pos. 1 and 4 in Fig. 2 indicates the radio frequency spectra corresponding to state graphs 1 and 4 shown in FIG. 1.

Figure 3, which shows the radio frequency spectrum of the implemented version of an interference-proof two-channel radio link, in which the bandwidth of the lower (relatively low-frequency) channel is completely overlapped and blocked by external EMF, and on the upper (relatively high-frequency) bandwidth the data exchange algorithm is implemented between the on-board and portable transceivers devices - pos. 1 and 4 in Fig. 3 indicates the radio frequency spectra corresponding to state graphs 1 and 4 shown in FIG. 1.

The claimed technical solution is based on the exchange of data between transceiver devices, one of which is standardly included in the on-board network of the telephone exchange, and the other is made in the form of a portable (portable) device. Where data exchange is carried out over an n-channel duplex radio line, and the selection of a valid (not distorted by interference) channel is carried out by cyclic search of channels on a portable transceiver device and cyclic search of channels on an on-board transceiver device, as a result of which the channel providing transmission is identified useful information without distortion, otherwise, characterized, at any given moment in time, by the highest signal-to-noise ratio.

Moreover, each of the cyclic searches of channels processed by the on-board transceiver device is nested (the term corresponds to the mathematical operator ∈) in a time interval characteristic of the period of operation of the channel from the cycle processed by the portable transceiver device.

The invention is implemented in an automatic telephone exchange, in which one transceiver device of the immobilization and keyless engine starting systems is regularly included in the on-board network of the automatic telephone exchange and can be implemented as part of one or more on-board electrical equipment devices (engine control controller or any other electronic device, in particular, an instrument cluster ), and the second transceiver device is implemented in the form of a portable portable device, for example, a key fob / bracelet / key card. Initiating mechanical elements, the output functions of which specify the beginning of the process of unlocking the immobilizer and starting the engine, are implemented by a “start/stop” button located in the vehicle interior, and can also be implemented by electro-mechanical or electronic sensors for the position of the pedal / pedals or the gearbox control lever ATS; The initiating mechanical elements may also include control buttons for opening/closing door and trunk locks located on the portable transceiver device (which also contains an electronic tag for recognizing the transceiver device).

Due to the smaller size of the portable transceiver in relation to the onboard one, its antenna is smaller and, accordingly, its characteristics are worse than the characteristics of the antenna of the onboard transceiver, which determines the shorter range of the portable transceiver and limits the area of interaction between the portable and onboard receiver - transmitters. In order to ensure the secrecy of radio traffic (protecting the telephone exchange from theft), the range of reliable radio reception is, as a rule, limited by the size of the internal space of the vehicle cabin. At the same time, it is quite obvious that a portable transceiver can be made with a range that, in some cases, significantly exceeds the overall dimensions of the telephone exchange.

The proposed invention is based on the use of a duplex single-channel*** (as opposed to a two-simplex, using one channel for transmission and the other for reception) communication system built between an on-board and portable transceiver device, which can be implemented using both full-duplex and and half-duplex hardware - this does not affect the essence of what is being claimed.

*** - in the context of each of the n - channels.

The invention can be implemented in a communication system containing on-board and portable (wearable) transceivers, where:

- on-board and portable transceiver devices are formed in advance with the possibility of forming an n-channel, where n≥2, duplex communication line specified at the development stage, operating in a cyclic channel change algorithm;

- the on-board receiving and transmitting device is configured in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels in the data transmission mode with a subsequent transition to the data standby (reception) mode;

- a portable transceiver device is configured in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels, first in the data standby (reception) mode, and in the case of receiving data from an on-board transceiver device, in the data transmission mode;

The invention can be implemented by the following sequence of actions:

1. The portable transceiver device is set to operate in radio reception mode on each of the cyclically (sequentially) selected channels, where during one cycle the channels are rebuilt in a given frequency range ∆F _port in accordance with the sequence:

where Δ F _i is the bandwidth of the i-th channel

Δ t _i – waiting time for radio reception on the i-th channel;

i = 1, 2, … n - conditional channel number;

In this case, the portable transceiver device can either constantly (by default) be in the mode of receiving and scanning channels, or this operating mode can be initiated by briefly pressing, for example, the door lock control button contained on the remote control, which, as mentioned above, can be implemented in the form of a key fob / bracelet / key card.

2. To carry out radio data exchange, in order to remove the ban on unlocking the immobilizer and allowing the engine to start, the portable transceiver is placed in the area of interaction of its radio signal with the antenna (with one of the antennas) of the on-board transceiver.

3. Initialize the start of data exchange between the on-board and transceiver devices ( t _exchange ). Initialization is carried out by performing the action provided by the immobilizer control algorithm and engine starting. Such actions can be a short press of the “start/stop” button (keyless analogue of the ignition key), or pressing the brake pedal, or setting the gearbox control lever to the neutral position / to the “parking” mode, or any combination of them.

4. By performing the actions according to clause 3, the on-board transceiver device is transferred to radio transmission modes of data containing encoded information on each of the cyclically enumerated channels, where during each time Δ t _i m cycles are implemented, in each of which the channels are enumerated in given frequency range ∆F _board in accordance with the sequence

In this case, after each data transmission, the on-board transceiver is transferred (the transfer is carried out by hardware) into the standby mode (radio reception) of data.

∆F _port = ∆F _board ,

Δ F _j – j-th bandwidth (in one transmission-waiting cycle of the on-board transceiver) .

Δ t _ij is the period of operation of the onboard transceiver device, during which the onboard transceiver device performs radio data transmission and is in standby mode (radio reception) for data on the j-th channel, and

- an integer number of cycles in a time period Δ t _i , specified at the development stage and equal to the ratio of the duration of the operating time of a portable transceiver device in data standby mode on the i-th channel to the duration of the implementation of a complete search of channels in a given frequency range ∆F _board of operation on-board transceiver in data transmission and reception mode.

5. If the portable transceiver successfully receives data via any of the channels being processed, the portable transceiver processes the received information and, on the same channel, transmits response data containing authorization information for unlocking the immobilizer and keyless engine starting.

6. In the absence of confirmation data from the portable transceiver, which can be blocked by external EMF, the on-board radio transmitter switches to radio transmission on the next channel in the cycle from the specified frequency range.

7. The radio exchange process carried out by the on-board transceiver after its initialization, in the absence of the fact that it receives undistorted data from the portable transceiver, continues at least for a time equal to the duration of operation of the portable transceiver on all channels of the frequency range .

8. To resume the radio exchange process, re-initialize the start of the exchange according to claim 3.

9. If the on-board transceiver receives undistorted data from a portable radio transmitter, the immobilizer processes it and generates a signal that allows unlocking the immobilization and keyless engine starting.

Summarizing the above - in the event that one or more channels of the operating frequency range are blocked by interference, the data exchange process is performed on the channel on which the signal-to-noise ratio (by noise is meant external EMF, which does not carry useful information to the immobilization devices of the telephone exchange) is sufficient to ensure reliable radio exchange for the purpose of unlocking the immobilizer and keyless starting of the vehicle engine.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the noise immunity of the communication line between the on-board and portable transceiver devices for immobilization and keyless engine start of the vehicle under conditions of external EMFs.

Claims (14)

A method for unlocking an immobilizer and starting a vehicle engine, which consists of exchanging, in accordance with a regulated radio protocol, data between on-board and portable transceiver devices, carried out via a radio communication line formed in the interaction zone of transceiver devices, as well as removing the immobilizer prohibition on starting the engine in case of identification of the electronic tag of a portable transceiver device, characterized in that the on-board and portable transceiver devices are formed in advance with the possibility of forming an n-channel, where n≥2, duplex communication line specified at the development stage, operating in algorithm of cyclic channel change, the on-board transceiver device is configured in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels in the data transmission mode with subsequent transition to the data standby mode, the portable transceiver device is configured in advance with the ability to operate on any of the channels, first in the data standby mode , and in the case of receiving data from an on-board transceiver device, in data transmission mode, the portable transceiver device is set to operate in radio reception mode on each of the cyclically selected channels, where, during one cycle, channels are re-tuned in a given frequency range ΔF _port in according to sequence where Δ F _i is the bandwidth of the i-th channel, Δ t _i - waiting time for radio reception on the i-th channel, i = 1, 2, … n - conditional channel number, by initializing the start of data exchange between the on-board and transceiver devices, performed upon completion of the action provided for by the immobilizer and engine start control algorithm, the on-board transceiver is switched to radio transmission and data standby modes on each of the cyclically iterated channels, where during each time Δ t _i m cycles are implemented, in each of which channels are searched in a given frequency range ΔF _board in accordance with the sequence where ΔF _port = ΔF _board , Δ F _j - j-th bandwidth (in one transmission-waiting cycle of the on-board transceiver), Δ t _ij is the period of operation of the onboard transceiver device, during which the onboard transceiver device performs radio transmission of data and is in standby mode (radio reception) of data on the j-th channel, and - an integer number of cycles in a time period Δ t _i , specified at the development stage and equal to the ratio of the duration of the operating time of a portable transceiver device in the data standby mode on the i-th channel to the duration of the implementation of a complete search of channels in a given frequency range ΔF _on -board operation transceiver in data transmission and reception mode, the minimum operating time, after initialization, of the on-board transceiver in radio transmission and data standby mode is , If the portable transceiver device receives reliable data, the portable transceiver device transmits a radio message containing permission to unlock the immobilizer over the channel on which the data was received from the on-board transceiver device. data unlocks the immobilizer and removes the ban on keyless starting of the vehicle engine.