RU2810845C1 - Two-phase gravity motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engines.

SUBSTANCE: heat engines that convert low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical energy, using different types of low-boiling liquids for specific conditions as a working fluid, and can be widely used in the national economy. A two-phase gravitational engine contains a thermosyphon with a housing partially filled with liquid and a turbine installed in it, the turbine being made of vapour-liquid type. Moreover, a thermosiphon is used, in which the lower evaporation chamber and the upper condensing chamber are connected by a vertical steam pipe for the vapour-liquid mixture. The lower part of the pipe is equipped with a funnel, the edges of which are adjacent to the inner surface of the engine housing along the circumference. In the area where the funnel adjoins the inner surface of the housing, check valves are installed around the circumference, and in the upper part of the steam pipe in front of the condenser there is a cut-out in which the turbine is installed. The steam line pipe is equipped with a nozzle the size of the turbine inlet, and the turbine shaft is brought out through the housing wall. An annular fine-mesh filler with high thermal conductivity is introduced into the lower evaporation chamber, and a condenser with cooling fins is inserted into the upper condensing chamber, inside of which a part of the steam pipe connected to an inverted glass is inserted; holes are also made in the condenser, and an additional funnel having an annular gap with the body is placed below them.

EFFECT: new design.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engines that convert low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical energy.

Known, for example, is the “Heat Engine” by the authors G. V. Osadchy and V. A. Slobodyanyuk according to USSR invention No. 1490317, IPC F03G 7/06.

This device contains an evaporator-supercharger, in which, when heat is added, the vapor pressure of the liquid increases, which is squeezed out through a pipeline through a refrigerator, a valve and an actuator, which uses a hydraulic motor, and part of the useful power is taken into the hydraulic accumulator. After the liquid mirror is displaced into the refrigerator, condensation of its vapor begins, while the pressure in the evaporator-supercharger drops and, due to the restart of the valves, the energy stored in the hydraulic accumulator fills the evaporator-supercharger through another pipeline to repeat the cycle.

This device does not operate rhythmically, requires valve control and has a low efficiency.

Also known is “Ocean Thermal Power Plant” by Ilyin A.K. and Shishkina I.L. According to the invention of the USSR No. 1681031, IPC F01K13 / 00, F03G7 / 04. This device contains a turbine connected in a closed loop, an evaporator located below sea level, a steam turbine, a condenser, a wind tunnel in the form of a supersonic diffuser with a fan and a wind engine with an electric generator connected to an electric superheater.

In this device, vapors of the working fluid (freon) after the evaporator are overheated in an electric steam superheater and rotate a turbine with an electric generator, then the vapors enter a condenser located inside a wind tunnel, where they are cooled by atmospheric air. After this, the condensed working fluid flows down and, due to the pressure, rotates the hydraulic turbine, after which it enters the evaporator and the cycle is repeated.

This thermal power plant also has low efficiency due to the need to place a condenser in a wind tunnel, cooled by air from an operating wind turbine. It is known that wind turbines require an average annual wind speed of more than five meters per second for their normal operation (the “golden” rule of wind energy). Thus, to increase the efficiency of this power plant, it will be necessary to find a wind zone with more stable winds.

Also known is the “Power Plant” by the authors R. S. Babayan and E. S. Avanesov et al. according to USSR patent No. 1744276, IPC F01K 13/00, F03G 7/04.

This device contains a tubular evaporator and a condenser connected by a steam line through a steam turbine and a condensate supply pipeline, and an elastic separator in the form of a shutter is additionally installed in each heat exchange tube of the evaporator, and the evaporator is located below the condensate level in the condenser.

This power plant has low efficiency and limited use for conditions where the evaporator is located at a depth of 20...30 meters or more, where the water temperature is about plus 4 degrees Celsius, and the condenser is located on the surface of the ice, at an air temperature of minus 20...30 degrees Celsius or more below. When using the installation for other smaller temperature differences, the efficiency of the installation will be even lower. In addition, it should be noted that the design of the device is not reliable due to the use of plate elastic separators in the heat exchange tubes of a tubular evaporator, which are subject to oscillations to break and, in critical cases, to freezing with ice.

Also known is the “Power Plant” by the author Sh. A. Mestvirishvili according to the invention of the USSR No. 1170180, IPC F01K 25/00.

The installation contains two heated chambers filled with an auxiliary liquid, pipelines connected to them for supplying an easily evaporating working fluid by a pump, a turbine and a condenser connected by main drain lines, connected in a certain way to the lower and upper parts of the chambers.

The disadvantages of this device are its low efficiency and the need to have a pump with its own electric drive, controlled from external influences. Under the influence of increasing pressure, the auxiliary fluid is pumped from one chamber to another through the turbine, creating its uneven and reverse rotation. In addition, this installation is designed to be placed in a certain climatic zone and has a highly specialized application.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the proposed invention is the “Two-phase gravitational motor” by the authors E.V. Solovyov and V.V. Privezentsev according to patent No. 2102632, IPC F03G 3/00.

This invention contains a vertically installed pipe inside the thermosiphon housing under the turbine with a gap relative to the thermosiphon housing and the turbine rotor, and in the gap between the side surface of the pipe and the housing, at least one vapor-liquid turbine nozzle is installed, wherein the turbine is made vapor-liquid, and the level of the boiling liquid is above turbines.

In a real engine, the steam-air mixture moves up onto the turbine blades, moving along the walls of the housing, which requires heating it along the entire length of the housing to the condensation zone, and the liquid descends down the central pipe to be heated in the evaporation zone. A non-standard turbine was used, the blades of which are located on the periphery of the inner diameter of the housing to receive the upward flow of the steam-water mixture.

Such bladed turbines have low efficiency due to the large proportion of free passage of steam or liquid between the blades without exerting pressure on them.

Another disadvantage of this engine is the inability to create an increased pressure of the steam-water mixture inside the housing, which flows to the turbine to increase the efficiency of the device as a whole.

The objective of the proposed invention is to create a “Two-phase gravitational motor” based on a thermosyphon with a higher efficiency.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is the generation of mechanical and/or electrical energy by an engine from natural temperature differences in the environment, using a hydraulic motor or a volumetric flow meter as a standard turbine, which expands its application area.

The technical result is that in a two-phase gravitational engine containing a thermosyphon with a housing partially filled with liquid and a turbine installed in it, wherein the turbine is made of vapor-liquid, a thermosyphon is used in which the lower evaporation chamber and the upper condensing chamber are connected by a vertical vapor-liquid steam line pipe mixture, the lower part of the pipe is equipped with a funnel, the edges of which are adjacent around the inner surface of the engine housing, and in the area where the funnel is adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, check valves are installed around the circumference, and in the upper part of the steam line pipe in front of the condenser there is a cutout in which the turbine is installed , wherein the steam line pipe is equipped with a nozzle according to the dimensions of the turbine inlet, and the turbine shaft is brought out through the housing wall, an annular fine-mesh filler with high thermal conductivity is introduced into the lower evaporation chamber, and a condenser with cooling fins is introduced into the upper condensing chamber, into which part of the steam line pipe is passed. , connected to an inverted glass, there are also holes in the condenser, and under them, at the level of the condensed liquid, there is an additional funnel, which has an annular gap with the body.

The technical result also lies in the fact that in a two-phase gravitational engine, a hydraulic motor or volumetric flow meter is used as a vapor-liquid turbine, which prevents idle fluid leaks between their blades.

The drawing shows a "Two-Stroke Gravity Engine".

The engine contains a housing 1 with a lower evaporation chamber 2 “+Q” and an upper condensing chamber “-Q” 3, which are connected by a steam line pipe 4 for the vapor-liquid mixture with a funnel 5, which has check valves 6 in the annular area adjacent to the housing. filled with partially condensed liquid, a condenser 7 with cooling fins is inserted, inside of which is passed a part of a steam pipe connected to an inverted glass 8, with the upper part of the glass located in the air zone of the condenser, and its lower part is constantly placed in the condensing liquid. There are holes 9 in the capacitor body and an additional funnel 10 is placed under them at the level of the condensed liquid, which has an annular gap 11 with the body or holes between it and the body. In the upper part inside the steam pipe in front of the condenser there is a cutout in which a turbine (hydraulic drive) 12 is installed, the shaft 13 of which is brought out through the wall of the housing and connected, for example, to an electric generator, and an annular fine-mesh filler 14 with high thermal conductivity is inserted into the lower evaporation chamber, tightly adjacent to the inner wall of the housing and located below the funnel of the steam pipe. The pipe is also equipped with a nozzle 15 according to the dimensions of the turbine (hydraulic motor) inlet, and the location of the annular junction of the funnel to the inner surface of the housing is shown at position 16.

The “two-phase gravity motor” works as follows. When the “+Q” of the lower evaporation chamber 2 is heated to the boiling point of the liquid, the vapors of its vapor-liquid mixture, limited by the zone of the funnel 5, enter the steam line 4 and then through the turbine (hydraulic drive) 12, where they are partially throttled, cooled and then transferred into the liquid through an inverted glass 8 capacitor body 7, condensing in the last “-Q”. The turbine shaft 13 rotates the electric generator (not shown in the figure). Since the vapors of the vapor-liquid mixture “bubble” through the condenser liquid, this guarantees their complete condensation. To ensure this condition, it is necessary that the volume of liquid in the condenser be sufficient at maximum engine load.

Under funnel 5, since its edges are tightly adjacent around the circumference, pos. 16, to the inner surface of housing 1, a vapor-liquid mixture accumulates, which is transferred to pipe 4 and then to turbine (hydraulic drive) 12, which increases engine efficiency.

The increasing volume of condensate liquid through the holes 9 in the housing enters the additional funnel 10 of the condenser and then through the gaps 11 onto the inner wall of the housing 1, flowing along it through check valves 6 to the annular fine-mesh filler 14 of the lower evaporation chamber 2. The number of valves 6 around the circumference is selected from the condition that they pass condensed water at maximum engine load.

The fine-mesh filler 14, made of metal, acts as a heat accumulator, has high thermal conductivity to transfer external thermal energy to the liquid and enhances film evaporation due to the large evaporation surface. Film distribution of liquid in heat transfer surfaces has become widespread in technology (Tananaiko Yu. M., Vorontsov E. E. Methods for calculating and studying film processes. Kyiv, 1975).

When a liquid film hits a fine-mesh filler, it is mixed due to the mesh structure of the filler and a wave mode of film flow is created. In: Kapitsa P. L., Kapitsa E. E. JETP. T. 19, 1949, No. 2, pp. 105-120, it is indicated that with a wave flow regime, heat transfer is 20% greater than with a smooth laminar flow.

Thus, the presence of fine-mesh filler 14 in the lower evaporation chamber 2 leads to the emergence of additional heat flow due to the transverse flow of liquid.

As turbines for different operating conditions, for example, analogues of freon turbines developed by the Kaluga Turbine Plant for the Paratunka GeoPP near the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, operating on freon with water temperatures in earth layers below 100 degrees Celsius, can be used.

Also, hydraulic motors and volumetric flow meters can be used as turbines, for example, “Roller-blade machine” by V.V. Domogatsky. and Levchenko I.V. according to RF patent No. 2230194, IPC F01C 1/14. Such flow meters are produced commercially for different pumped volumes of liquids, they are used when refueling aircraft, diesel locomotives, when pumping fuel through pipes, for example, OR-40, OR-1000, etc. These flow meters practically do not allow idle liquid leaks and it is advisable to use them to implement this inventions for generated power up to several tens of kilowatts.

The proposed highly efficient “Two-phase gravitational engine”, using different types of low-boiling liquids for specific conditions as a working fluid, can be widely used in the national economy to generate mechanical or electrical energy from temperature differences in various environments.

Claims (2)

1. A two-phase gravity engine containing a thermosyphon with a housing partially filled with liquid and a turbine installed in it, wherein the turbine is made of vapor-liquid, characterized in that a thermosyphon is used in which the lower evaporation chamber and the upper condensing chamber are connected by a vertical pipe of the steam line of the vapor-liquid mixture, the lower part of the pipe is equipped with a funnel, the edges of which are adjacent around the inner surface of the engine housing, and in the area where the funnel is adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, check valves are installed around the circumference, and in the upper part of the steam line pipe in front of the condenser there is a cutout in which the turbine is installed, and the steam line pipe is equipped with a nozzle according to the size of the turbine inlet, and the turbine shaft is brought out through the housing wall, an annular fine-mesh filler with high thermal conductivity is introduced into the lower evaporation chamber, and a condenser with cooling fins is inserted into the upper condensing chamber, inside of which a part of the steam line pipe connected to with an inverted glass, there are also holes made in the condenser, and under them, at the level of the condensed liquid, there is an additional funnel, which has an annular gap with the body. 2. A two-phase gravity engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydraulic motor or volumetric flow meter is used as a vapor-liquid turbine, which prevents idle liquid leaks between their blades.

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