RU2806454C1 - Quick-removable cover for heating an artillery barrel when performing fire missions in low temperature conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artillery.

SUBSTANCE: quick-removable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun when performing fire missions in low temperature conditions consists of an outer surface, an internal heat-shielding surface, a heating cable between the heat-shield and the inner surface, a zipper and a cord for opening the zipper. The heating cable is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the cover. A cable is installed to connect to the power supply.

EFFECT: elimination of “warm-up” shots of artillery guns, reducing the preparation time of the gun, increasing the survivability of the artillery gun.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and can be used to heat the barrel of an artillery gun when performing fire missions in low temperature conditions, as well as to protect the inside of the barrel of self-propelled or field artillery from external influences, for example, sand or dust, especially when conducting combat action in sandy and desert areas.

Terms and Definitions

Firing is the firing of shots from one or more guns, mortars, combat vehicles) when performing a fire mission [1].

Normal (tabular) meteorological shooting conditions: the atmosphere is motionless (wind speed at all altitudes is zero); The barometric pressure at the stationary point and on the horizon of the gun is 750 mm. Hg; air humidity 50%; the air temperature at the point where the gun is stationed and on the horizon is 15°C [5].

Firing efficiency is the degree to which the firing results correspond to the assigned fire mission. Indicators can be: the probability of hitting targets (the number of hits on the target), the consumption of ammunition and time to complete the task, etc. [2].

State of the art

To fire at maximum (full) charges, in low temperature conditions, it is necessary to fire several “warm-up” [3] shots (at reduced charges), which is determined by two main factors - the operating conditions of the self-propelled gun and the firing efficiency.

The first factor includes the requirement of technical documentation about the need in winter conditions, at air temperatures below minus 20°C, to fire the first shot with a reduced charge to warm up the barrel and fluid in recoil devices [6]. The need for a “warm-up” shot to warm up the recoil devices is explained by the viscosity-temperature properties of the hydraulic fluids used. As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of hydraulic fluids increases. The POZH-70 liquid used in the recoil devices of the 2S19 self-propelled howitzer is characterized by the following indicators [8]: kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 50°C is 2.4 cSt, and at a temperature of minus 50-750 cSt.

In the International System of Units (SI), kinematic viscosity is measured in square meters per second [m ² /s], and the non-system unit - stoke [St] and its derivative - centistoke [cSt] are also widely used.

The firing efficiency factor includes the dependence of ballistic characteristics on the firing conditions, and in particular, the temperature of the gun barrel. Shooting practice shows that the first shot from a “unheated” gun can be undershot by 200...400 m, and sometimes more, depending on specific shooting conditions (this fact is reflected in firing tables for many guns, for example, in [7]) .

During short fire raids, these factors reduce the effect of surprise and entail an increase in the time it takes to complete the fire mission, detection of the positions of the firing guns by enemy reconnaissance means, and ultimately, after one and a half to two minutes, the firing gun will be destroyed.

There is a known method for automated ballistic preparation for firing artillery guns [patent RU 2282812 C1 dated August 27, 2006, MPK F41G 3/12, F41G 31/00 - Method for automated ballistic preparation for firing artillery guns], including the introduction of a correction for changes in the temperature of the propellant charge in the initial velocity projectile, characterized in that in order to take into account changes in the temperature of the propellant charge before firing and reduce the time for ballistic preparation of fire, a temperature sensor is installed in the propellant charge, the signal from the temperature sensor is read and its value is taken into account when introducing a correction to the initial velocity of the projectile. This method is effective for range shooting due to having additional technical means, transporting them, and installing and reading indicators.

There is a known method of preparing in an automated mode for firing from an artillery gun [patent RU 2351874 C1 dated April 10, 2009, MPK F41G 3/12 - Method of preparing in an automated mode for firing from an artillery gun], including calculating the initial velocity of the projectile, taking into account the correction for the heating of the barrel at firing, while the heating of the gun barrel during firing is determined before each shot using temperature sensors installed along the entire length of the gun barrel by reading signals from them, which are taken into account when introducing a correction to the initial velocity of the projectile. This method is effective in range shooting for the reasons stated above.

There is a known method of preparing a self-propelled artillery gun for firing [patent RU 2739263 C1 dated December 21, 2020, MPK F41G 3/12 - METHOD OF PREPARING A SELF-PROPELLED ARTILLERY GUNS FOR FIRING], in which a heating cable is wound around the barrel and on recoil devices, the muzzle brake is covered and recoil devices with a heat-protective casing, connect the heating cable to the power source, heat the barrel and recoil devices (COD) to 15°C, maintain a constant temperature in the heated elements. The disadvantages of this method are: it takes time to wind the heating cable onto the barrel and onto the recoil devices; it is almost impossible to wind the heating cable evenly or at varying intervals without special stencils; when making a march, the wound heating cable will move towards the fender, which will lead to uneven heating of the barrel.

The closest set of essential features to the proposed invention is a method of preparing a self-propelled artillery gun for firing [patent RU 2739263 C1 dated December 21, 2020, IPC F41G 3/12 - METHOD OF PREPARING A SELF-PROPELLED ARTILLERY WEAPON FOR FIRING].

All of the above disadvantages are eliminated by the claimed invention. The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the need to fire “warm-up” shots of artillery guns when firing at maximum charges in low temperature conditions; reduction of time: preparing a gun for a march, performing a fire mission; increased survivability.

The essence of the invention

The essence of the invention is that for each type of artillery guns, patterns of elements of a quick-detachable cover are made for heating the barrel of an artillery gun, the elements of the quick-detachable cover are sewn together, a heating cable is secured between the inner and heat-reflecting surface, a zipper is sewn in along the entire height of the quick-detachable cover, a cord is secured to open the zipper , a cable is connected to the heating cable to connect to the power source, a quick-removable cover is put on the barrel of the artillery gun and the barrel is heated before firing, maintaining a constant temperature in the heated elements. The essence of the invention is illustrated by the given drawings 1-4.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 General view of a quick-detachable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun: A - 1 cable for connecting to a power source; 2 quick-detachable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun; 3 cord for opening the zipper and removing the cover from the barrel of an artillery gun; 4 lightning; B - to fire the first shot, the cover is removed from the muzzle brake of the artillery gun; C - to fire the second and subsequent shots, the cover is removed from the entire barrel of the artillery gun.

Fig. 2 Patterns of elements of a quick-detachable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun: 1 - for heating recoil devices; 2 - for connecting the first element with the third; 3 - for heating the barrel of an artillery gun; 4 - for connecting the third element to the fifth; 5 - for covering the muzzle brake; 6 - end of the cover.

Fig. 3 Scheme for constructing patterns of connecting elements of a quick-detachable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun: R ₁ outer radius, which is calculated by the formula where, P is the height of the conditional cone, which is calculated by the formula

Where,

D - larger diameter of the connected elements (cylinders) (when connecting the elements of the cover for heating the fender and the barrel - the diameter of the fender with the barrel, when connecting the elements for heating the barrel and the muzzle brake - the diameter of the muzzle brake);

H - bevel height when connecting cylinders of different diameters;

R ₂ - internal radius, which is calculated by the formula

Where,

d is the diameter of the artillery gun barrel;

X is the sector angle that must be left to obtain the circumference of the larger and smaller diameters D and d.

Fig. 4 Section of the wall of a quick-detachable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun:

1 - outer surface,

2 - heating cable,

3 - inner surface,

4 - heat-reflecting surface,

5 - lightning.

Carrying out the invention

According to the technical characteristics of a particular artillery gun, patterns of elements of a quick-detachable cover are made according to the formulas, see the description of Fig. 2, 3.

Using the patterns, elements of the outer surface are cut out from fabrics for making camouflage (Oxford, rip-stop, etc.), the inner surface from fire-resistant canvas (GOST 15530-93) and the heat-protective surface from silica fabric (KT650S1, KT700S2), the cover elements are sewn together, fix the heating cable (medium temperature (operating temperature up to 250°C) self-regulating cables of the FSP and FSS brands, which automatically maintain a given temperature level, or high-temperature (operating temperature up to 1000°C) resistive cables of the VNO brands can be used as a heating cable and VNS [10]) between the heat-protective and inner surfaces, distributed evenly over the entire surface, sew a zipper along the entire height of the quick-release cover, attach the cord to the zipper lock to open it, connect the cable to the heating cable to connect to the power source, put the quick-release cover on the barrel artillery gun and heat the barrel before firing a shot to a temperature of plus 15°C, maintaining a constant temperature in the heated elements until the first shot. Before the first shot, open the zipper to the barrel of the artillery gun and remove the cover from the muzzle brake (see Fig. 1B). After the first shot, the zipper is opened completely and the cover is removed from the barrel of the artillery gun (see Fig. 1C).

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to eliminate the need to fire “warm-up” shots of artillery guns when firing at maximum charges in low temperatures, reducing the time to prepare a gun for marching to two minutes and performing a fire mission by 2.5 times, increasing survivability.

Literature

1. Alekseeva A.M. Dictionary of missile and artillery terms, - M.: Voenizdat, 1989. - 256 pp., p. 40.

2. Alekseeva A.M. Dictionary of missile and artillery terms, - M.: Voenizdat, 1989. - 256 pp., p. 64.

3. Snitko K.K. Artillery gunpowder and charges, - M.: Defense Industry Publishing House, 1950. - 195 pp., p. 134.

4. Lysov V.P. Design of concrete heat treatment technology using contact electric heating methods / Mineev R.A., Pikus D.M. and [b.b.] - Minsk: Belarusian State Technical University, 2004. - 59 p.

5. 3 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Firing tables for flat and mountain conditions for the 152 mm 2A65 howitzer and the 152 mm 2S19 self-propelled howitzer. TS RG No. 187. Part 2, - M.: Armament Publishing House. Policy. Conversion, 2005. -437 pp., pp. 410-419.

6. 3 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Firing tables for flat and mountain conditions for the 152 mm 2A65 howitzer and the 152 mm 2S19 self-propelled howitzer. TS RG No. 187. Part 2, - M.: Armament. Policy. Conversion, 2005. - 437 pp., p. 420.

7. 3 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Shooting tables for flat and mountain conditions 122 mm. Self-propelled howitzer 2S1, - M.: Armament. Policy. Conversion, 2000. - 477 pp., p. 6.

8. Anti-recoil fluid POZH-70. TU 6-01-5757583-8-79, - M.: Standards Publishing House, 1979. - 50 p.

9. Product 2S19. Technical description and operating instructions for calculations. 2S19 TO, - Ufa: Goskomizdat, 1990. - 365 pp., pp. 53-56.

10. Catalog of heating cables, - M.: LLC Special Systems and Technologies, 2017. - 80 pp., pp. 50-53.

11. Rules for shooting and artillery fire control (PS and OU -2011). Part 1 (division, battery, platoon, gun), - M.: Military Publishing House, 2011. - 350 p.

12. Radio-scattering camouflage kit “Cape” [Electronic resource] / Scientific Research Institute “Steel” http://www.niistali.ru/products/military/camouflaging/nakidka/

13. MAP "Energy" SIN. Passport. Operating instructions and technical description of multifunctional autonomous converters 1.0-12 kW [electronic resource] / http://www.invertor.ru

14. Patent RU 2351874 C1 dated April 10, 2009

Claims (1)

Quick-removable cover for heating the barrel of an artillery gun when performing fire missions at low temperatures, consisting of an outer, heat-protective and internal surface, evenly distributed over the entire surface between the inner and heat-protective surface of the heating cable, a zipper along the entire length of the quick-release cover, a cord attached to the lock lightning, cable connected to the heating cable to connect to the power supply.