RU2805965C1 - Fat melter with microwave energy supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: melter of raw fat with microwave energy supply contains, inside a vertically located non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder with an inclined lower base, a coaxially installed non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator in the form of a truncated cone. It is attached by the large base of the shell to the upper base of a non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed along the perimeter with a shift of 120 degrees. The emitters from the magnetrons are directed into the resonator, and a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic spiral screw and a damper is attached to the center of the base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder. Along the diameter, on the small base of the resonator, there is an electrically driven dielectric screw with a non-ferromagnetic coil at the exit from the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder. The dielectric body of the screw with a perforated base is laid from the shell of the resonator through the side surface of the cylinder. At the junction of the side surface of the cylinder with its inclined base there is a non-ferromagnetic pipe with a ball valve. A cylindrical ceramic reflector is installed on the inside of the side surface of the shielding cylinder.

EFFECT: intensifying the process of melting raw fat, as well as maintaining the quality of the resulting product.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the meat processing industry and can be used in workshops for processing fat-containing meat raw materials.

Fatty raw materials of animal origin (fat from cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, etc.) are labile to many external factors during the primary processing period: environmental temperature, exposure to atmospheric oxygen, microbial contamination, etc. Therefore, it must be disinfected simultaneously with melting. In order to extract fat from fat-containing raw materials, the protein structure containing fat is destroyed and heat treatment is carried out using convective and conductive methods of heat supply [1, p. 322]. The duration of processing of fatty raw materials is determined by the melting time of the fat and the holding time of the raw materials to destroy pathogenic microflora at a given temperature. For these purposes, there are boilers of different sizes, operating in periodic mode with steam coolants, at fairly high operating costs [1].

The use of live steam at a pressure of 0.15 MPa to accelerate the process of melting fat is only possible for finely ground fat-containing raw materials (0.2-0.5 mm), which also increases energy costs, for example, for an AVZh grinder-melter, energy costs are 0.015 kWh/ kg, and steam consumption per 1 ton of raw material is 100 kg. [1, p. 338].

It is possible to intensify the process of rendering fat from fat-containing raw materials without exceeding the temperature above 120-130 ° C (exceeding it degrades the quality of the final product) with a microwave energy supply to the working chamber. The duration of rendering fat from pre-crushed fat-containing raw materials to sizes less than two wave penetration depths (2-3 cm), when exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF) (frequency 2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm) is reduced several times. To intensify the process of extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials, there are microwave installations [2-6], but of periodic operation.

The closest in design to some units is the fat separator for separating a mixture of fat, broth and sediment (K7-FKE-4) [1, p. 371].

The technical result of the invention is to preserve the consumer properties of rendered fat from crushed fat-containing raw materials.

To achieve the stated technical result, the melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply contains

inside a vertically located non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder with an inclined lower base, a coaxially installed non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator in the form of a truncated cone, attached by the large base of the shell to the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons, the emitters of which are installed along the perimeter with a shift of 120 degrees directed into the resonator,

and in the center of the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic spiral screw and a damper is attached,

in this case, along the diameter, on the small base of the resonator, there is an electrically driven dielectric screw screw with a screw pitch of no more than two wave depths, with a non-ferromagnetic coil at the exit from the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, and the dielectric body of the screw with a perforated base is laid from the shell of the resonator through the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder,

moreover, at the junction of the side surface of the shielding cylinder with its inclined base, there is a non-ferromagnetic pipe with a ball valve,

a, a cylindrical ceramic reflector is installed on the inner side of the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- spatial image of the melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply, general view (Fig. 1);

- spatial image of the melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply in a section with positions (Fig. 2);

- diagram of the technological process (Fig. 3);

- spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder (Fig. 4)

- spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator in the form of a truncated cone (Fig. -5);

- spatial image of a dielectric screw screw (Fig. 6);

- spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic spiral screw (Fig. 7).

- spatial image of the dielectric body of the screw with a perforated base (Fig. 8).

- spatial image of a cylindrical ceramic reflector (Fig. 9).

The melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply contains (Fig. 1-9):

- loading container 1 with valve 2;

- electrically driven non-ferromagnetic spiral screw (system that slows down electromagnetic radiation) 3;

- magnetrons (3 pieces around the perimeter with a shift of 120 degrees) 4;

- perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator in the form of a truncated cone 5;

- non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6;

- electrically driven screw dielectric screw 7;

- small base 8 of a perforated non-ferromagnetic truncated cone;

- inclined non-ferromagnetic lower base 9 of the cylindrical body 6;

- non-ferromagnetic pipe with ball valve 10 (transcendent waveguide);

- dielectric housing 11 with a perforated base of the screw screw 7.

- non-ferromagnetic turn 12 of the screw dielectric screw 7;

- ceramic reflector 13 on the inner side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder.

The melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply (Fig. 1-9) contains

a vertically located non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6 with an inclined non-ferromagnetic lower base 9. Inside it, a perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator 5 in the form of a truncated cone is coaxially installed. It is attached by the large base of the shell to the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6, on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 4 are installed along the perimeter with a shift of 120 degrees, the emitters of which are directed into the perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator 5. In the center of the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6 is attached a non-ferromagnetic loading container 1 with a non-ferromagnetic spiral screw 3 and a damper 2. Along the diameter, on the small base of a perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator 5, there is an electrically driven dielectric screw screw 7 with a screw pitch of no more than two wave depths, with a non-ferromagnetic turn 12 at the exit from the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6. Dielectric the housing 11 of the screw auger with a perforated base is laid from the shell of the perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator 5 through the side surface of the shielding cylinder 6. At the junction of the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6 with its inclined non-ferromagnetic lower base 9 there is a non-ferromagnetic pipe 10 with a ball valve. A ceramic reflector 13 is installed on the inner side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder.

The technological process occurs as follows . Load the fat-containing raw material, crushed 2.5-4 cm in size, into the loading container 1 above the closed valve 2. Turn on the electrically driven dielectric screw screw 7 with the dielectric housing 11, which has a perforated base. Open the damper 2. Turn on the electric drive of the non-ferromagnetic spiral screw 3. After the crushed fat-containing raw materials are dosed into the perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator 5 using the electric driven spiral screw 3, turn on the microwave generators (magnetrons 4). The source of excitation of centimeter-wave standing waves in a perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator in the form of a truncated cone is air-cooled magnetrons 4. In such a resonator in the form of a truncated cone, high electric field strength is ensured due to the interference of coherent waves. The raw materials are melted and disinfected. In the annular volume between the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder and the non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator in the form of a truncated cone, the electromagnetic field is excited by radiation through the perforation holes of the resonator. In the annular volume, the outgoing power is reused through the perforation holes of the resonator and the total electromagnetic field of the traveling wave is preserved. The direction of an electromagnetic field wave is a wave moving in only one direction (traveling wave). Under the influence of this wave, the raw material is additionally subjected to endogenous heating. The presence of an annular volume creates conditions for the recovery (reuse) of electromagnetic power emitted by the system of primary sources - magnetrons.

In an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMHF, 2450 MHz), the crushed fat-containing raw material is heated quite intensively, since the thickness of the crushed raw material does not exceed two wave depths between the turns of the screw auger. Therefore, a pressure gradient arises in raw materials heated above 90 °C; this is facilitated by sliding diffusion in capillaries, since the temperature in the center of the raw material particles is higher than on its surface. The melted fat is separated from the greaves and flows down through the perforation on the small base 8 of the non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator 5 in the form of a truncated cone.

The greave is advanced with the help of dielectric turns of the screw screw 7 through its dielectric cylindrical body 11 with a perforated base to the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6, then poured into the receiving container. Since the last turn of the screw 7 is made of non-ferromagnetic material, radiation into open space from a traveling wave in the annular volume is limited. The melted fat flows down the inclined base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder and is discharged through the non-ferromagnetic pipe with ball valve 10. The quality of the finished product (fat and greaves) depends on the combined action of factors: maximum temperature, duration of exposure to EMF, electric field strength. The shortest duration of treatment is determined by the duration of melting and the electric field strength at which pathogenic microflora is destroyed at a given temperature. Uniform heating of the raw material is also ensured due to the fact that the pitch of the screw turn 7 is less than twice the depth of penetration of the wave into the raw material (2.5-4 cm). The concentration of electromagnetic field energy in the annular volume between the perforated non-ferromagnetic resonator in the form of a truncated cone 5 and the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6 is achieved through the use of a ceramic reflector 13 and, at the same time, there is a reduction in radiation losses through the hole on the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder 6, intended for unloading greaves . The waves reflected from the ceramic surface are completely concentrated in the raw material [7].

Information sources:

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment for meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M.: Kolos, 2001. - 552 p.

2. Patent No. 2581224 of the Russian Federation, IPC S11B1/12. Centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency / Mikhailova O.V., Belova M.V., Ershova I.G.; applicant and patent holder MADI (RU). - No. 2014150840/20; application 12/17/2014. Bull. No. 11 dated 04/20/2016. -11 s.

3. Patent No. 2600697 RF, IPC S11B13/00. Ultra-high-frequency installation for melting fat / Belova M.V., Ershova I.G., Mikhailova O.V.; applicant and patent holder ANOVO "ATU" (RU). - No. 2015117451; application 04/28/2015. Bull. No. 30 dated 10/03/2016. - 12 s.

4. Patent No. 2505355 of the Russian Federation, IPC S11B1/12. Ultra-high-frequency installation for the separation of molten fat from fat-containing raw materials / Novikova G.V., Belova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Ershova I.G.; applicant and patent holder ANOVO "ATU" (RU). - No. 2015138179/13; application 2.08.2015. Bull. No. 35 dated December 20, 2016. - 10 s.

5. Patent No. 2591126 RF, IPC S11B1/12. Installation for melting fat in an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field / Novikova G.V., Selivanov I.M., Belova M.V., Belov A.A., Ershova I.G., Mikhailova O.V.; applicant and patent holder ANOVO "ATU" (RU). - No. 2015116255; application 04/25/2015. Bull. No. 19 dated July 10, 2016. - 13 s.

6. Patent No. 2667751 RF, IPC S11B3/04; Microwave installation with spherical resonators for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials./ Novikova G.V., Zhdankin G.V., Samodelkin A.G., Shoikin A.S.; applicant and patent holder NGSHA (RU). - No. 2016150317; appl. 12/20/2016. Bull. No. 18 dated June 21, 2018. 15 s.

7. M.E. Ilchenko. Dielectric resonators. M.: Radio communication, 1989. 328 p.

Claims (6)

Melter of fatty raw materials with microwave energy supply, characterized by the fact that it contains inside a vertically located non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder with an inclined lower base, a coaxially installed non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator in the form of a truncated cone, attached by the large base of the shell to the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons, the emitters of which are installed along the perimeter with a shift of 120 degrees directed into the resonator, and in the center of the upper base of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic spiral screw and a damper is attached, in this case, along the diameter, on the small base of the resonator, there is an electrically driven dielectric screw screw with a screw pitch of no more than two wave depths, with a non-ferromagnetic coil at the exit from the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, and the dielectric body of the screw with a perforated base is laid from the shell of the resonator through the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder, moreover, at the junction of the side surface of the shielding cylinder with its inclined base, there is a non-ferromagnetic pipe with a ball valve, a, a cylindrical ceramic reflector is installed on the inner side of the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic shielding cylinder.