RU2805872C1 - Insecticidal preparation and method of its use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: contact insecticide contains maltodextrin with a mass fraction of reducing substances of 10–25% as an active substance, a system of surfactants (surfactants), which includes alkylamine carboxylate (AAK) and a combination of alkyl polyglucosides (APG) C8-C10 and C12-14 carbon atoms in alkyl in a ratio from 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, and the ratio of APG C8-10 and C12-14 in combination is from 10:1 to 3:1, and the solvent being water. The starting components are used in the following ratio (%): maltodextrin — 50–85, surfactant system — 4–7, solvent is the rest. Additionally, the insecticide contains polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the surfactant system. Also, the insecticide may additionally contain a preservative in an amount of 0.01–0.5% by weight of the insecticide. The preservative is a mixture of biocides benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and/or chlorine methylisothiazolinone (CMIT), taken in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, with an equal ratio of MIT and CMIT. A contact insecticide in a concentration of 15–50 ml per 1 liter of water is used in the method of controlling insect pests on agricultural, fruit and berry and ornamental plants by spraying onto the treated plants at an insecticide consumption of 1,000–10,000 l/ha. Treatment of plants can be carried out once or repeatedly and repeated every 4–7 days during the period of flowering, active growing season and fruiting.

EFFECT: ICD we developed is highly effective against a complex of sucking insect pests, is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, non-toxic to non-target biological objects, including humans, is easy to prepare and use, suitable for use both indoors and outdoors and has improved physical and technological characteristics, and is also useful in organic farming.

5 cl, 12 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to means and methods for protecting plants from insect pests.

In agriculture, large crop losses occur due to the inability to protect agricultural plants during the period of flowering, fruiting and harvesting from insect pests.

There is a huge selection of means of protecting agricultural plants from insect pests, most of which prevent infection by insects during the initial stage of plant growth. As a rule, these agents are chemically aggressive drugs. They deplete the soil, pollute water bodies, and are highly toxic to the environment (WO 2013139765 A1, 09.26.2013; US 9474279 A1, 09.10.2015; WO 2012092115 A1, 07.05.2012; US 11576382, 18.02 .2021).

Attempts have been made to reduce the negative impact on the environment by creating means of protection against insect pests using biodegradable substances (EP 0352010 A1, 01/24/1990; US 4321258 A, 03/23/1982; US 5110804 A, 05/05/1992; US 7579017 B2, 08/25/2009).

But the protective equipment of the previous level of technology has a significant drawback; they can only be used in closed ground conditions, in particular in greenhouses.

The closest to the claimed invention is a contact insecticide, the active ingredient of which is maltodextrin and a system of surfactants (surfactants) consisting of alkylamine carboxylate and diethylamide of coconut oil acids in a ratio of 1:10 to 10:1. The contact insecticide contains the preservative potassium sorbate and the solvent water (RU 2778726 C1, 08/24/2022). The well-known contact insecticide has shown good results when used both in closed greenhouses and in open ground. Its insecticidal effect extends to such insect pests as the common spider mite, tobacco tripe, pelargonium or tomato-nightshade aphid, and strawberry aphid.

However, the known contact insecticide has a number of disadvantages. The main one is the use of a surfactant system containing coconut oil acid diethylamide, which is currently an obstacle to toxicological compliance with organic farming standards.

The technical objective of the present invention is to expand the arsenal of contact insecticides.

The solution to the technical problem is provided by the creation of a contact insecticide that contains maltodextrin with a mass fraction of reducing substances of 10-25% as an active substance, a system of surfactants (surfactants) that includes alkylamine carboxylate (AAK) and a combination of alkyl polyglucosides (APG) C8-C10 and C12-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, the ratio of APG C8-10 and C12-14 in combination being from 10:1 to 3:1, and the solvent is water. The starting components are used in the following ratio (%): maltodextrin - 50-85, surfactant system - 4-7, solvent - the rest. Additionally, the insecticide contains polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the surfactant system. Also, the insecticide may additionally contain a preservative in an amount of 0.01-0.5% by weight of the insecticide. The preservative is a mixture of biocides benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and/or chlorine methylisothiazolinone (CMIT) taken in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, with an equal ratio of MIT and CMIT.

In addition, the problem is solved by a method of controlling insect pests on agricultural, fruit and berry and ornamental plants, in which the above-described contact insecticide is applied to the treated plants by spraying in a concentration of 15-50 ml per 1 liter of water, while the insecticide consumption is 1000-10000 l/ha, and treatment of plants is carried out once or repeatedly with repetition after 4-7 days during the period of flowering, active growing season and fruiting.

The technical result of the claimed invention is high insecticidal activity, high toxicological safety, the absence of special conditions for the preparation and storage of the working solution of the insecticide, the resistance of the insecticide to external environmental influences, high physical and technological properties, the possibility of use both in closed and open ground in organic farming, expanding the spectrum of insecticidal activity.

The high insecticidal properties of the developed contact insecticide (hereinafter, ICD) are based on the physical property of maltodextrin to envelop the insect and penetrate the respiratory tract, which leads to suffocation and death of the insect. The component composition of the ICD is selected in such a way as to ensure uniform application and a high degree of plant coverage. The use of ICD as a means of controlling insect pests eliminates the emergence of insect resistance to the developed ICD.

To improve the rheological properties of ICD, a surfactant system was used, which makes it possible to increase physical and technological properties, storage stability, uniformity of application and increase the coverage area, impart resistance to external influences such as fog, rain, and significantly reduce the toxicological load on the environment.

The developed ICD is easy to use and does not require special conditions for preparation, transportation and storage.

The preparation of ICD is carried out as follows.

Maltodextrin (manufactured by Rustark LLC, specification "Maltodextrin", November 28, 2022) in an amount ensuring the content of maltodextrin in the insecticide in terms of dry matter is 50-55%, combined with the solvent and surfactant system, and mixed until a homogeneous viscosity is obtained. flowing liquid. The surfactant system includes an alkylamine carboxylate (ACA) (for example, Lakeland AMA LF40) and a combination of alkyl polyglucosides (APG) C8-C10 and C12-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl (CAS No. 161074-97-1, CAS 157707-88-5) in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, while the ratio of APG C8-10 and C12-14 in combination is from 10:1 to 3:1. Additionally, the surfactant system may contain polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (for example, Polysorbate 80 (CAS No. 9005-65-6)) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the surfactant system. The surfactant system used establishes an equilibrium system for stabilizing the maltodextrin solution during storage and in the working solution, reduces foaming during the preparation of the working solution, increases the resistance of ICD to external environmental influences and ensures environmental friendliness of plant processing.

To prepare ICD, maltodextrin can be used in the form of a powder (maltodextrin P) or in the form of a syrup (maltodextrin C) with a dry matter content of at least 60% (GOST 32902-2014 “Starch and starch products. Terms and definitions”, M.: Standartinform, 2015). When using maltodextrin P, it is pre-mixed with water to obtain a solution with a dry matter content of at least 60%.

Additionally, to improve the properties of ICD during storage, you can use a preservative that is safe for plants and the environment, which is a mixture of benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) biocides and/or methylisothiazolinone chlorine (CMIT) taken in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0, 1:1, with an equal ratio of MIT and CMIT.

To prepare the working solution, the resulting ICD is diluted with water to the required concentration. The preparation of the working solution is carried out by direct use of the ICD.

The developed ICD has improved physical and technological properties in comparison with the prototype, which ensure an increase in the insecticidal properties of the ICD.

To compare the physical and technological properties of the claimed ICD with the prototype, a series of analyzes were carried out, as a result of which it was found that the claimed ICD has improved storage stability, increased spreadability, and is more resistant to high environmental humidity (rain, fog).

For the study, ICD compositions were prepared with the following ratio of initial components (Table 1)

A comparison of the physical and technological properties of the beetles was carried out with a contact insecticide selected as a prototype, having the following composition: maltodextrin C - 75 wt. %, surfactant system - 5.0 wt. %, preservative - 0.03 wt. %, water the rest.

The studied physical and technological properties are presented in tables 2, 3, 4.

The insecticidal properties of the declared ICD were tested in greenhouses, gardens, parks and fields in the Krasnodar Territory. The agroclimatic testing zone is characterized by moderate moisture (humidification coefficient is 0.3-0.4) with an annual precipitation of 600-700 mm. The sum of active temperatures above 10°C during the active growing season of plants is 3000-3200°C. The soil cover of the territory is represented by Cis-Caucasian and leached chernozems. Tests were carried out both in closed and open ground conditions.

The effectiveness of ICD was assessed according to the Methodological Guidelines for Registration Testing of Insecticides in Agriculture (St. Petersburg, VIZR, 2009).

Examples of implementation of the invention.

Example 1.

Tests were carried out on tomato variety "Ravan" in open ground in the last stage of the growing season, harvesting, against tomato leafminer moth. Composition D was used at a concentration of 50 ml per 1 liter of water with a flow rate of the working solution of 87.5 l/12.5 hundred, 175 l/12.5 hundred, 262 l/12.5 hundred. Before treatment, a preliminary count of the pest population was carried out using the mowing method with an entomological net - 100 strokes. Before treatment, the number of butterflies reached 52.0 specimens per 100 strokes. The biological effectiveness of ICDs is presented in Table 6.

After the end of the active effect, the ICD is applied to the plants again after 4 days. The reduction in pest numbers corresponds to those presented in Table 6. Example 2

Tests were carried out on peas of the “Aksaisky Usatiy 7” variety at the ripening stage against pea aphids. Composition A was used at a concentration of 25 ml and 50 ml per 1 liter of water with a working solution flow rate of 1.0 l/5 m ² . Before treatment, a preliminary count of the pest population was carried out. Before treatment, the number of aphids on the plant was 57.8-59.3 individuals per plant. The biological effectiveness of ICDs is presented in Table 7.

After the end of the active effect, the ICD is applied to the plants again after 5 days. The reduction in pest numbers after treatment corresponds to those presented in Table 7.

Example 3

Tests were carried out in a park on an oak tree against the pear bug. Composition B was used at a concentration of 25 ml and 50 ml per 1 liter of water with a working solution consumption of 1.0 liters per tree. Before treatment, a preliminary count of the pest population was carried out. The biological effectiveness of ICDs is presented in Table 8.

After the end of the active effect, the ICD is applied to the plants again after 4 days. The reduction in pest numbers corresponds to those presented in Table 8. Example 4

Tests were carried out on a pear against a pear worm. Composition C was used at a concentration of 50 ml per 1 liter of water with a working solution flow rate of 3.0 liters per 12 ^m2 . Before treatment, a preliminary count of the pest population was carried out. The biological effectiveness of ICDs is presented in Table 9.

After the end of the active effect, the ICD is applied to the plants again after 6 days. The reduction in pest numbers after treatment corresponds to those presented in Table 9.

Example 5

Tests were carried out in laboratory conditions against the green vegetable bug and the brown marmorated bug. Composition A was used in concentrations of 25 ml, 35 ml, 50 ml per 1 liter of water with a working solution flow rate of 3.0 liters per 12 m ² . 10-15 nymphs of the 1st - 2nd instars of the green vegetable bug and the brown marmorated bug were placed in Petri dishes. In the experimental version there are 3 repetitions. The working fluid consumption is 1.5 ml per Petri dish. The biological effectiveness of ICD against the green vegetable bug is presented in Table 10, against the brown marmorated bug is presented in Table 11.

Example 6

Tests were carried out in laboratory conditions against the gray bud weevil and rice weevil. Composition D was used in concentrations of 30 ml, 50 ml, 70 ml per 1 liter of water with a working solution flow rate of 3.0 liters per 12 m ² . 10 imagoes of rice weevil and gray bud weevil were placed in Petri dishes (5 individuals per Petri dish). In the experimental version there are 3 repetitions. Working fluid consumption is 1.0-1.5 ml per Petri dish. The biological effectiveness of ICD against rice weevil and gray bud weevil is in Table 12.

The test results showed that ICD at a consumption rate of 30-50 ml per 1 liter of water is effective against insect pests such as: tomato leafminer, pea aphid, pear bug, pear copperhead, green vegetable bug and brown marmorated bug, gray bud weevil and rice weevil. Biological efficiency reaches 63-100%, reducing the pest population to an economically imperceptible level.

During testing, it was found that non-target objects such as bees and bumblebees were not subject to the insecticidal effect of ICD. This allows us to conclude that the developed ICD is not phytotoxic.

The ICD we developed is highly effective against a complex of sucking insect pests, is environmentally safe, biodegradable, non-toxic to non-target biological objects, including humans, is easy to prepare and use, is suitable for use both indoors and outdoors and has improved physical and technological characteristics, and is also useful in organic farming.

Claims (5)

1. Contact insecticide, characterized by the fact that it contains maltodextrin with a mass fraction of reducing substances of 10-25%, a surfactant system and a solvent - water, wherein the surfactant system includes an alkylamine carboxylate (AAK) and a combination of alkyl polyglucosides (APG) C8-C10 and C12-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl in a ratio from 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, and the ratio of APG C8-10 and C12-14 in combination is from 10:1 to 3:1, and the original the components are used in the following ratio (%): maltodextrin - 50-85, surfactant system - 4-7, solvent - the rest. 2. The insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the surfactant system. 3. Insecticide according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that it additionally contains a preservative in an amount of 0.01-0.5%. 4. The insecticide according to claim 3, characterized in that the preservative is a mixture of biocides benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and/or chlorine methylisothiazolinone (CMIT), taken in a ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.1:1, with an equal ratio of MIT and CMIT. 5. A method of controlling insect pests on agricultural, fruit and berry and ornamental plants, characterized in that a contact insecticide according to any one of claims is applied to the treated plants by spraying. 1-4 at a concentration of 15-50 ml per 1 liter of water, while the insecticide consumption is 1000-10000 l/ha, and the plants are treated once or repeatedly with repetition after 4-7 days during the period of flowering, active growing season and fruiting.