RU2805773C1 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: helionics.

SUBSTANCE: autonomous mobile photoelectric power station contains two photovoltaic batteries, an inverter, photoresistive elements used to track the brightest point in the sky - the Sun, rechargeable batteries, a battery charge controller, five linear drives for biaxial tracking of photovoltaic batteries for the movement of the Sun, two of which are used for deployment and installation of photovoltaic batteries in one plane, three - for orienting an array of photovoltaic batteries in the zenithal direction at right angles to solar radiation, controlled by one servomotor and one telescopic column with an electric drive, a climate cabinet in which a battery charge controller, an inverter and a microcontroller unit are located, responsible for the operation and control of a biaxial tracking system of photovoltaic batteries for the movement of the Sun and a system of flexible mirror concentrators, the operation of which stops when the photovoltaic batteries are heated above the permissible level, while all elements of an autonomous mobile photoelectric power station are located in an insulated housing.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of generating electrical energy during daylight hours, and the compact design of the system elements and the ability to roll up and deploy an array of photovoltaic batteries makes it possible to mount them in one housing and transport an autonomous mobile photoelectric power station on a two-axle car trailer.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention, an autonomous mobile photoelectric power plant, relates to solar technology, in particular to energy sources based on the principle of converting solar radiation into electric current using photovoltaic batteries, and can be used to generate electricity in remote areas that do not have access to a centralized power supply.

A system for positioning and tracking the Sun of a concentrator photoelectric power plant is known (see patent RU 2579169 C1, G01S 17/66, F24J 2/42, G05D 3/12 dated 12/10/2014). The installation contains a platform with concentrator cascade modules, an azimuthal rotation subsystem, a zenithal rotation subsystem, a power unit, a platform position control unit with a memory unit containing a microcontroller, an optical solar sensor, the photodetectors of which are made in the form of cascade photoconverters, a speed sensor of the first electric motor, a speed sensor of the second electric motor. The system ensures tracking of the solar disk with the required accuracy regardless of weather conditions and minimizes its own energy consumption by eliminating the activation of the optical solar sensor when it is illuminated by light spots in the clouds.

The disadvantage of the known system for positioning and tracking the Sun of a concentrator photoelectric power plant is the lack of mobility, due to the design of the solar tracking system, which requires the immobility of the base of the structure, and the impossibility of collapsing an array of photovoltaic batteries, which will create additional air resistance when moving over long distances.

A portable system for deploying photovoltaic batteries is known (see patent US 9046281 B2, H01M 10/44, F24J 2/52 dated 06/02/2015). The installation contains a main frame and an array of photovoltaic batteries, which is connected to the main frame, a frame for mounting photovoltaic batteries, a mechanism for lifting the battery array, connected to the main frame, a mechanism for collapsing and deploying the array of photovoltaics. A positive effect is achieved using a system for collapsing and deploying an array of photovoltaic batteries, which allows you to compactly place the battery array during passive operation and conveniently transport the installation, and during active operation, significantly increase electricity generation by deploying the array.

A disadvantage of a portable photovoltaic battery deployment system is the lack of a housing to protect the battery array from mechanical deformation during transportation. Another disadvantage of the system is the lack of a tracking system for the movement of the Sun, which significantly reduces the efficiency of electricity generation.

A mobile autonomous solar power plant is known (see patent RU 2544896 C1, H02S 20/10, H02S 10/00 dated 10/22/2013). The installation contains a single-axle trailer on which a light guide pipe, square in cross-section, is placed, a tetrahedral optically active dome, a curved reflector of solar radiation rays, a rotating cylinder on the generatrix of which photovoltaic batteries are placed, a semi-cylindrical complex collecting lens, a cylinder shaft, cylinder shaft bearings, a micromotor, fan, temperature sensor, battery pack, battery charge controller, inverter. The positive effect is achieved due to the collection of solar radiation rays, regardless of the solstice angle, by a tetrahedral optically active dome, additional concentration of rays by a curved reflector on the surface of a tetrahedral optically active dome, transportation of solar radiation rays from a tetrahedral optically active dome along a square light guide pipe to a semi-cylindrical complex collecting lens, rotation a cylinder, on the generatrix of which photovoltaic batteries are placed, which perceive the periodic concentration of solar radiation rays from a semi-cylindrical complex collecting lens. This mobile solar power plant is accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the known mobile autonomous solar power plant is the complex design of mirror reflectors and optical concentrators, which are subject to mechanical deformation during transportation and, if they fail, completely reduce the positive effect of this system.

The basis of the present invention is the task of increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic batteries by using systems for tracking the movement of the Sun and flexible mirror concentrators, which will be located in a compact, secure mobile case.

The technical result is an increase in electricity generation using a system for positioning photovoltaic batteries at right angles to solar radiation to ensure nominal operating conditions and a system of mirror concentrators for additional intensification of photovoltaic cells by solar radiation, and ensuring mechanical strength and mobility of the invention using a special housing design.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a general view and arrangement of elements of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant.

In fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1.

In fig. 3 shows a general view and arrangement of system control and energy conversion elements

In fig. Figure 4 shows a section B-B in Figure 3.

In fig. 5 schematically shows the design of the housing walls.

In fig. Figure 6 shows a general view of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant in the active phase of operation on a two-axle trailer from the side.

In fig. Figure 7 shows a general view of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant in the active phase of operation on a two-axle trailer in front.

In fig. Figure 8 shows a general view of the housing of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant with a folded battery array on the side.

In fig. Figure 9 shows a general view of the housing of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power plant with a folded battery array at the front.

The main elements of the power plant are: climate control cabinet 1, batteries 2, servomotor 3, gear screw 4, thrust bearing 5, mirror concentrators 6, photovoltaic batteries 7, electromechanical telescopic column 8, linear drives of mirror concentrators 9, clamp 10, linear drives lifting photovoltaic batteries 11, thrust beam 12, battery charge controller 13, microcontroller unit 14, electric heater 15, inverter 16, support structure 17, structure fastening 18, frame grid 19, linear drive for adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array 20, support tripod structure 21, active ventilation 22, control compartment door 23, double doors of the photovoltaic battery compartment 24, battery compartment door 25, socket block 26, photoresistive elements 27, steel frame 28, aluminum plate 29, insulation 30.

Photovoltaic batteries 7 (Fig. 1, 2) generate direct electric current, which charges the batteries 2 (Fig. 1) through the charge controller 13 (Fig. 3). Inverter 16 (Fig. 3) transforms the current of the batteries and transmits it to the network to the consumer through the socket block 26 (Fig. 9) on the device body.

All elements of the power plant are mounted in a waterproof and insulated casing. The basis of the power plant body is a steel frame 28 (Fig. 5). The walls of the structure are made of aluminum plates 29. Inside each wall there is insulation based on extruded polystyrene 30. The body is divided into three compartments: the control unit compartment, the photovoltaic battery compartment, and the battery compartment. Access to each compartment is provided using single-leaf 23, 25 and double-leaf 24 doors (Fig. 8, 9).

The solar power plant is transported on a two-axle trailer for structural stability.

The invention uses a two-axis system for tracking the movement of the Sun in the zenithal and azimuthal directions and the orientation of photovoltaic elements at right angles relative to solar radiation, and a system of mirror flexible concentrators that allow intensifying solar radiation on photocells.

The functioning of the tracking systems is carried out by three linear drives 11 and 20 (Fig. 2, 6) - devices designed for translational linear movement of the executive bodies of working systems, one servo motor and one telescopic column with an electric drive. The electromechanical telescopic column 8 (Fig. 2, 6) is responsible for raising and lowering the photovoltaic batteries at the start and end of the operation of the mobile photovoltaic power plant.

Linear actuators 11 serve to deploy and install an array of photovoltaic batteries in one plane. The linear drive 20 (Fig. 3, 6) is designed to orient the array of photovoltaic batteries 7 in the zenithal direction at right angles to solar radiation. Servomotor 3 (Fig. 1) is designed to move an array of photovoltaic elements in the azimuthal direction along the path of the Sun.

Linear actuators 9, 11, 20 and servomotor 3 are controlled by a microcontroller unit 14 (Fig. 3). Servomotor 3 is connected to a gear screw 4 (Fig. 1), which is mounted together with an electromechanical telescopic column 8 on a platform mounted on a thrust bearing 5 (Fig. 1). The gear screw 4, servo motor 3 and bearing 5 are in a protective casing.

Photoresistive elements 27 (Fig. 7), placed on the thrust beam 12 (Fig. 2), in the amount of six pieces, serve to track the brightest point in the sky, which is the Sun. Photoresistive elements 27 are connected to the control driver of the linear actuators 11 and the servomotor 3 in the microcontroller unit 14 through a computing module, and send a signal about a change in the position of the Sun, which in turn leads to a change in the position of the photovoltaic batteries in the zenithal and azimuthal directions for their orientation at an angle of 90 °.

The adaptive system of mirror concentrators is controlled by two linear drives 9 (Fig. 2, 6). The functioning of the adaptive control system for mirror concentrators is based on the joint interaction of temperature sensors located on the back side of the photovoltaic batteries and linear drives 9 through an automated control system created on the basis of a microcontroller unit 14.

The end part of the movable rod of linear actuators 9 is connected to a flexible mirror concentrator 6 (Fig. 2, 6), located in the roll-up system. This makes it possible to regulate the intensification of photovoltaic cells by controlling the length of the moving part of the linear drive.

The material of the flexible mirror concentrator 6 is a composite material, the basis of which is a polycarbonate film, onto which an aluminum layer is applied by vacuum metallization. The next layer is a polyester-based laminating film containing three layers: a layer of polyester, which serves as the base and gives the film rigidity and elasticity, a layer of polyethylene, which serves as a connecting link during lamination, and a layer of polymer glue - a low-melting polymer with adhesive properties.

The polycarbonate base is non-flammable, can withstand temperatures below -100°C, is chemically resistant to alkalis and acids and is highly durable.

The resulting material is installed in the roll-up block system. The principle of this system is based on a roller mechanism and a return spring, which performs the function of fixing the concentrator in the system, and when it is pulled out, it tends to return it back.

When the photovoltaic batteries 7 are heated above the permissible limit, the operation of the mirror concentrators 6 immediately stops by sending a signal from the temperature sensor to the linear drive control driver 9 in the microcontroller unit 14.

Photovoltaic batteries 7, mirror concentrators 6 and linear drives 9 are mounted together on frame grids 19 (Fig. 3), which are connected through hinges to a thrust steel beam 12 (Fig. 3). The thrust beam 12 is fixed to a rotating mechanism fixed to the first section of the electromechanical telescopic column 8 with the ability to change the angle of inclination in the vertical plane. Linear actuator 20 (Fig. 3, 6) for adjusting the angle of inclination of photovoltaic batteries is connected to a supporting tripod structure 21 (Fig. 3), also fixed on the first section of the electromechanical telescopic column 8. Linear actuators 11, responsible for lifting photovoltaic batteries and fixing two batteries in one plane, also mounted on a supporting tripod structure 21.

Installation of electronic components responsible for the control and operation of the system, such as an inverter 16, a battery charge controller 13, a microcontroller unit 14, is carried out in a climate cabinet 1 (Fig. 1), insulated with foil insulation like penofol 10 mm thick. The cabinet is equipped with active ventilation 22 (Fig. 4), passive ventilation, electric heater 15 (Fig. 3), thermostat and filter for passive and active ventilation. This will allow all electronic components to function in optimal conditions in conditions of negative temperatures.

Batteries 2 are located in a separate compartment, also insulated with penofol and equipped with electric heating.

Claims (1)

Autonomous mobile photoelectric power station containing two photovoltaic batteries, an inverter, photoresistive elements used to track the brightest point in the sky - the Sun, batteries, a battery charge controller, five linear drives for biaxial tracking of photovoltaic batteries for the movement of the Sun, two of which are used for deployment and installation of photovoltaic batteries in one plane, three - for orienting the array of photovoltaic batteries in the zenithal direction at right angles to solar radiation, controlled by one servomotor and one telescopic column with an electric drive, a climate cabinet in which the battery charge controller, inverter and unit are located microcontrollers responsible for the operation and control of the biaxial tracking system of photovoltaic batteries for the movement of the Sun and a system of flexible mirror concentrators, the operation of which stops when the photovoltaic batteries are heated above the permissible level, while all elements of the autonomous mobile photoelectric power station are located in an insulated housing.