RU171448U1 - DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC ORIENTATION OF THE SOLAR BATTERY - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the utility model relates to automatic control systems that support the orientation of solar cells, and can be used in autonomous power supply systems based on photovoltaic modules to increase the efficiency of converting sunlight to electricity. Technical result: improving the energy efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion at the lowest energy consumption for implementation turning solar panels. The essence of the utility model: as a system automatic regulation of the device for automatic orientation of the solar battery, a control unit based on a microcontroller is used, a linear actuator is used as an electromechanical drive for azimuthal rotation of the solar battery, an adjustable support is used to set the zenith angle.

Description

The utility model relates to automatic control systems that support the orientation of solar cells, and can be used in autonomous power supply systems based on photovoltaic modules to increase the efficiency of conversion of sunlight into electricity.

Known autonomous power supply system based on a solar photovoltaic installation [RF patent No. 2479910, class. H02J 7/35, F24J 2/00, H01L 31/00, 10/14/2011], containing a closed circuit of series-connected solar photovoltaic installation, charge-discharge controller, battery pack, inverter, data acquisition and processing unit, power consumer. The power supply system for the solar tracking actuators is a closed circuit of a series-connected solar photovoltaic installation, a charge-discharge controller, a battery pack, an engine power system control unit, power supply and motor drive control units, and motors for tracking the position of the Sun in the azimuthal and zenithal planes.

The main disadvantage of this design is low energy efficiency due to the presence of a second electric motor of anti-aircraft rotation of the solar battery, one of which is affected by the increased load due to the lever that holds the solar battery.

Known solar power plant [RF patent No. 2459156, class. F24J 2/40, December 6, 2010], the tracking system of which includes a compact photoelectric sensor of the position of the Sun, consisting of a frame in the form of a direct trihedral prism, on the two side faces of which there are photocells for tracking the Sun, and on the third face there is a command photocell for turning modules with west to east. During daylight hours, the tracking photocells on the sensor faces issue command signals for the control unit for the azimuthal rotation drive of the solar module, which then rotates in the direction of the sun using a shaft.

Also known is a solar power plant [RF patent No. 2548244, class. F24J 2/54, 05/06/2013], containing a solar-receiving plane, a control system for azimuthal and zenithal rotational drives of the plane and its rotation from west to east, drive shafts, a sun tracking system. The tracking system includes two photovoltaic modules mounted on a remote platform, which is installed parallel to the solar power receiving plane of the power plant. The first photovoltaic module is the azimuthal position sensor of the Sun, the design of which contains two solar tracking cells and a command photocell of the solar energy receiving plane receiving solar energy from west to east. The second photovoltaic module is a zenith position sensor for the Sun, containing two solar tracking cells.

Known rotary device for a solar power module [RF patent No. 2381426, class. F24J 2/54, 10/25/2007], in the design of which a light sensor, a signal processing device and an electronic timer are introduced, the light sensor including two photodiodes mounted on a carrier plate mounted parallel to the plane of the solar battery, and a reflector, which is a plate with a white matte surface mounted parallel to the axis of rotation of the battery and perpendicular to its plane so as not to fall into the shadow of the battery at any position of the Sun.

The disadvantage of such designs is the presence of an active sensor for tracking the Sun, which reduces the reliability of the system, due to the possibility of contamination. Unstable operation in cloudy weather or when shading with surrounding objects is also possible.

A known installation for orienting a photovoltaic battery in the sun [RF patent No. 2377474, class. F24J 2/54, 12/27/2009], containing a platform on which a rectangular console is mounted for securing a photovoltaic battery and a tracking system for the sun, including an azimuthal rotation subsystem and a zenithal rotation subsystem, the platform is made in the form of a spatial frame, the azimuthal rotation subsystem is made in the form a horizontal annular base supported by at least three spaced apart circumferential rollers mounted on a platform, at least one of which is a drive roller with a drive m, and the anti-aircraft rotation subsystem and the rectangular console for fixing the photovoltaic battery are mounted to rotate in a vertical plane on a horizontal axis, mounted on top of a pyramidal frame attached to a horizontal annular base.

The disadvantage of the above analogue is the large footprint and design complexity.

Closest to the proposed design is a device for the automatic orientation of solar panels [RF patent No. 2516511, class. G05D 13/00, G05B 13/00, 05/05/2011], comprising an automatic control system consisting of a solar battery, a feedback sensor and an electromechanical drive.

The described device is taken as a prototype of a utility model.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- the complexity of the manufacture and configuration of the device due to the presence of limit and limit switches, active photosensors and a second electric drive;

- low energy efficiency due to the presence of a second electric motor of anti-aircraft rotation of the solar battery;

- low reliability due to the presence of light sensors, pollution or dusting of which lead to a violation of the correct operation of the tracking system for the Sun.

Objectives of the utility model:

- simplification of the design of the device for the automatic orientation of solar panels;

- increased likelihood of device uptime.

EFFECT: increased energy efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion with the lowest energy consumption for turning solar panels.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for the automatic orientation of solar cells containing an automatic control system consisting of a solar battery, a feedback sensor and an electromechanical drive, according to a utility model on a fixed frame, onto which using hinges having two degrees of freedom of rotary movement, directly and through an adjustable support having openings along the entire length, an auxiliary movable frame is fixed on which it is mounted, at least one solar battery, and a linear actuator is used as an electromechanical drive to rotate the movable frame, mounted on one side by a hinge having two degrees of freedom of rotary movement, to the back of the movable frame, and with another flexible connection to the fixed frame, the system automatic control is made in the form of a control unit based on a microcontroller, in addition, it has a feedback system based on the position sensor of a linear actuator and a solar battery, at the same time but performing the function of a light sensor, while an adjustable support having a first end and a second end is secured by the first end with a hinge having two degrees of freedom of pivoting to the rear side of the movable frame and the second end by a detachable connection through one of the holes to the fixed frame .

In addition, the position sensor can be made in the form of an incremental encoder.

In addition, the device may contain two or more solar panels in parallel.

In addition, the device may have a backup power supply unit of the linear actuator electric motor.

In addition, a bird stand can be mounted on an adjustable support.

Simplification of the design is achieved by reducing the active nodes of the solar tracking system: there are no sensors to determine the position of the Sun relative to the installation, and one mechanical drive is used. The frame is made without the use of various rollers, wheels and belt drives.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a General view of the device.

The device consists of a fixed frame 1 on which, with the help of hinges 2, 3 and 4, having two degrees of freedom of rotary movement, an auxiliary movable frame 5 is mounted with a solar battery mounted on it, electrically connected to the control unit 6, a linear actuator 7 and a battery charge circuit batteries of a solar power station. To ensure mobility, the linear actuator 7 is fixed by a flexible connection 8 to the frame and a hinge 3 to the back of the movable frame 5. A position sensor is installed in the linear actuator 7, which is not shown in the drawing. Adjustable support 9 is fixed by a detachable connection 10 to the fixed frame 1 and the hinge 2 to the rear side of the movable frame. The electromechanical drive for changing the azimuthal angle of the movable frame 5 is made in the form of a linear actuator 7. An adjustable support 9, having holes along the entire length, is designed to manually change and fix the zenith angle of the movable frame 5 by detachable connection.

The device operates as follows. The solar battery simultaneously with the conversion of sunlight into electricity also works as a light sensor. The control unit 6 based on a microcontroller includes customizable real-time clocks. Before putting the device into operation, the necessary settings are made for the basic parameters, on the basis of which the microcontroller calculates the date, time and geographical coordinates of the device installation location. At certain adjustable intervals, the microcontroller calculates the angle by which the movable frame 5 must be rotated, and then, if necessary, gives a signal to turn on the linear actuator 7. The position sensor installed in the linear actuator 7 acts as feedback. Under the condition of illumination solar battery linear actuator 7 rotates the movable frame 5 in azimuth towards the sun every 30 minutes In the absence of the necessary level of illumination, the rotation of the movable frame 5 is carried out four times a day in the extreme and middle positions. This is necessary to eliminate the error in determining the illumination on cloudy days and in cases where the sun's rays do not illuminate the front surface of the solar battery. To account for seasonal changes in the zenith angle of the Sun along the entire length of the adjustable support 9, there are holes for attaching to the fixed frame 1. Operational personnel install scheduled support 9 at the heights indicated in the instructions for scheduled inspections or repairs. Also, to account for the change in length from the flexible mount 8 of the linear actuator 7 to the movable frame 5, when the height of the adjustable support 9 changes, there are holes on the fixed frame 1.

So, the claimed utility model allows to simplify the design, improve energy efficiency and reliability of the tracking system for the Sun.

Claims (5)

1. A device for the automatic orientation of solar cells, comprising an automatic control system consisting of a solar battery, a feedback sensor and an electromechanical drive, characterized in that on a fixed frame, onto which, by means of hinges having two degrees of freedom of rotary movement, directly and through an adjustable a support having openings along the entire length is secured by an auxiliary movable frame on which at least one solar battery is mounted, moreover, as an electromechanical a linear actuator is used to rotate the movable frame, mounted on one side by a hinge having two degrees of freedom of rotary movement, to the back of the movable frame, and on the other hand, by a flexible connection to the fixed frame, the automatic control system is made in the form of a control unit based on a microcontroller In addition, it has feedback based on the position sensor installed in the linear actuator and the solar battery, which simultaneously performs the function of a light sensor, while A support bearing having a first end and a second end is secured by a first end with a hinge having two degrees of freedom of pivoting movement to the rear side of the movable frame and the second end by a detachable connection through one of the holes to the fixed frame. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the position sensor is made in the form of an incremental encoder. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains two or more solar panels in parallel. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a backup power supply unit for the linear actuator electric motor. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable support has a stand for birds.

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