RU2805710C1 - Method for operation and automotive gas generator reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicle engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for high-temperature gasification of high-carbon fuels. The method for producing combustible gas by high-temperature gasification of bituminous and tarry fuels in a reactor-gasifier with a reverse gasification process consists in the fact that a mixture of bituminous and tarry fuels and high-carbon fuels in a proportion of 50% to 50% is loaded through the hatch (2) of the housing (1) into the housing fuel bunker heated by gases from the gas sampling cavity (15). Drying and dry distillation cycles are carried out in the corresponding zones (7, 8) of the fuel housing. Next, the mixture passes through the gasification housing of the zone (12, 13) of combustion and recovery cycles. In this case, air is supplied to the combustion cycle zone (12) through the radial tuyeres (19) of the nozzle, preheated when passing through the air pipe (16) through the cavity of the steam pipe (20). Residues of fuel in the form of ash and slag accumulate on the surface of the grate-steam generator (22), and with further gasification, the ash and slag fall into the ash chamber, after which they are unloaded from the housing (1) through the hatch. An automotive gas generator reactor for the reverse process of high-temperature gasification of bituminous and tarry fuels is also disclosed.

EFFECT: increasing the calorific value.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the technology of high-temperature gasification of high-carbon fuels, specifically to automotive generator gas reactors with a reverse gasification process enriched in carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H2.

A known automotive gas generator URALZIS-352 of a reverse gasification process with a collapsible gasification chamber welded to the body of an internal cylindrical fuel hopper heated by generator gas discharged through the cavity between it and the combustion chamber, consisting of a neck pressed to the end of a section of air tuyeres welded to a heated cylindrical the body of the fuel chamber with four pins welded to the gasification chamber.

Tokarev V.V. “Gas-generating cars” MASHGIZ, 1955, p. 65, Fig. 51.

The disadvantage of the known gas generator is low reliability due to:

cooling the air lance using air supplied to the combustion zone is ineffective.

Low reliability due to the difficulty of eliminating burnouts and cracks in the core, which does not allow gasification of high-carbon fuels - coal and charcoal.

There is a known method for high-temperature gasification of resinous and bituminous fuels - wood and peat, in gasifier reactors of the reverse gasification process.

The closest technical solution is an automotive reactor for the reverse gasification process of generator gas with a collapsible gasification chamber, consisting of:

the first upper part, welded to the end of a cylindrical heated hopper, the second part - the neck and the third part - a skirt with flanges connected by bolts

Tokarev V.V. “Gas-generating cars” MASHGIZ, 1955, p. 65, Fig. 52.

The disadvantage of the known gas generator is low reliability due to burnout of connecting bolts, low content of flammable gases and the impossibility of gasification of high-carbon fuels of hard coal and charcoal.

The purpose of the proposed invention is to increase reliability and increase calorific value.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the gas generator reactor has an outer cylindrical body with a side gas outlet and end loading and unloading hatches, an internal end flange connected to the flange of the inner body, consisting of a cylindrical fuel hopper with zones for drying and dry distillation of fuel, connected by flange to flange conical gasification chamber with combustion and recovery zones; the central air nozzle is connected by an air tube passing through an axial vertical axial steam pipe with radial steam holes, in the plane of separation of the combustion and reduction zones, a tubular-spiral grate, which communicates by tubes, respectively, with the air and water supply systems, and from the gas receiving cavity formed by the external and internal casings, a gas exhaust pipe is removed from the upper part of the outer casing.

To increase the calorific value of the gas, a tube for removing water vapor and partially with flammable gases is introduced into the drying zone and at the same time communicates with the water tank of the water supply system through a condenser.

To increase the calorific value, the fuel is mixed in the proportion of 50% high-carbon and 50% tar and bituminous fuels.

The present invention consists of a housing 1 with a loading 2 and ash 3 hatches and with an upper internal flange 4 connected to the flange 5 of a cylindrical fuel housing 6 with drying zones 7 and dry distillation 8.

The inner housing 11 of the core with combustion zones 12 and recovery 13 is connected to the lower flange 9 of housing 6 by a flange 10.

Housing 1 has: an external gas outlet pipe 14, in the upper part communicating with a gas receiving cavity 15 formed by housing 1 and inner housing 11.

Through the lower hatch 3, an axial air tube 16 is introduced into the housing 1, connected to the air supply system 17 and to the end air nozzle 18 with radial lances 19 and laid through the cavity of the axial steam pipe 20 with radial steam lances 21 and a communicating horizontal tube with the cavity of the tubular spiral grate-steam generator 22, which communicates through a horizontal tube 23 with a water supply system 24 from tank 25.

Hatch 2 has a vertical tube 26 inserted into the drying zone 7 and communicating through a tube 27 with a condenser 28 and through a tube 29 with a tank 25 of a water supply system 24 into the cavity of the grate-steam generator 22.

The present invention works as follows.

Loading of mixed fuel is carried out through hatch 2 of housing 1 into the housing of the fuel bunker 6, heated by gases from the gas sampling cavity 15, and goes through drying and dry distillation cycles in zones 7 and 8, and passes further into the gasification housing 11 and, having passed through the combustion cycle zones 12 and recovery 13, fuel residues in the form of ash and slag accumulate on the surface of the grate-steam generator 22 and, with further passage of the gasification process, fall into the ash chamber and through hatch 3, as they accumulate, are unloaded from housing 1.

Air is supplied through radial nozzles 19, preheated when passing through the air pipe 16 through the cavity of the steam pipe 20, which increases the intensity of the process in the combustion zone 12.

The flammable gases CO, H2 and CnHn and non-flammable gases CO2 and NnOn released in the combustion zone 12 pass through the recovery zone 13, through the remaining fuel - ash and slag, into the gas sampling cavity 15 of the housing 1.

Water vapor removed from the drying zone 7, mixed with gases partially released from the fuel in the dry distillation zone through tube 26 and tube 27, passes into condenser 28 and from the condenser liquid condensate containing HON, and partially liquid hydrocarbons are mixed with water in tank 25 , and then are supplied from the fuel supply system 24 through the tube 23 into the cavity of the grate-steam generator 22, and the superheated steam through the steam lances 21 of the axial steam pipe 20 is supplied to the plane of the interface between the combustion zones 12 and recovery 13, where a chemical reaction occurs in which the remaining carbon C in fuel.

with the formation of additional volumes of carbon monoxide - carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H2.

Upon further passage, the remaining steam reacts with part of the previously formed carbon monoxide CO and forms carbon dioxide CO2 and an additional volume of hydrogen H2 according to the formula:

As a result of the selection of carbon C from ash and slag, they become brittle and easily pass through the gaps of the grate-steam generator 22.

(1) and (2) “Formation of water gas”, Tokarev V.V. “Gas-generating cars” MASHGIZ, 1955, p. 24.

Ash and ash of tarry and bituminous fuels and brittle slag of high-carbon fuels accumulated in the ash chamber of housing 1 are removed through hatch 3.

The present invention provides:

1. Increasing the content of flammable gases to 50% by synthesizing additional volumes of hydrogen H2 and carbon monoxide/carbon monoxide CO by at least 15%.

2. Increasing the reliability of the reactor and reducing the costs of maintenance of all categories, current and major repairs.

Claims (3)

1. A method for producing combustible gas by high-temperature gasification of bituminous and tarry fuels in a gasifier reactor with a reverse gasification process, which consists in the fact that a mixture of bituminous and tarry fuels and high-carbon fuels in a proportion of 50% to 50% is loaded through the housing hatch into the fuel bunker housing, heated by gases from the gas sampling cavity, drying and dry distillation cycles are carried out in the corresponding zones of the fuel housing, then the mixture passes into the gasification housing of the combustion and recovery cycle zone, while air is supplied to the combustion cycle zone through the radial nozzle lances, preheated when passing through the air pipe through the cavity of the steam pipe, fuel residues in the form of ash and slag accumulate on the surface of the grate-steam generator, and with further gasification, the ash and slag fall into the ash chamber, after which they are unloaded from the housing through the hatch. 2. Automotive reactor-gas generator of the reverse process of high-temperature gasification of bituminous and tarry fuels with a collapsible gasification chamber consisting of bolted flanges: the first upper part welded to the end of the cylindrical heated fuel hopper, the second part - the neck and the third part - the skirt and grate, different in that the reactor-gas generator has an outer cylindrical body with a side gas outlet and end loading and unloading hatches, an internal end flange connected to the flange of the inner body, consisting of a cylindrical fuel hopper with zones for drying and dry distillation of fuel, connected by a flange to the flange of the conical gasification chamber with combustion and recovery zones; the central air nozzle is connected by an air tube passing through the axial vertical axial steam pipe with the radial steam holes of the tubular-spiral grate, which are connected by tubes respectively with the air and water supply systems, and from the gas receiving cavity formed by the outer and inner casings from the top of the outer casing, the gas exhaust pipe has been removed. 3. An automotive reactor-gas generator for the reverse process of high-temperature gasification of bituminous and tarry fuels according to claim 2, characterized in that the tube for removing water vapor and partially with flammable gases is introduced into the drying zone and is simultaneously connected to the water tank of the water supply system through a condenser.