RU2802902C1 - Automotive reactor-gasifier of the direct gasification process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicle engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for high-temperature gasification of high-carbon fuels. Automotive gas generator of direct gasification process with central air supply and central outlet of generator gas comprises a housing, a fuel bunker with a fuel loading hatch located in the upper part of the housing, and a water reservoir. The gas generator is made of two parts: the upper part, which contains the drying, dry distillation and reduction zones, and the lower part, which contains the gasification cone chamber located between the reduction and combustion zones. It also contains a grate, an air tuyere with an air supply pipe, an ash chamber with an ash unloading hatch, the upper and lower parts of the gas generator are equipped with flanges. The upper part of the gas generator consists of coaxial cylinders inserted into each other, forming between them a generator gas receiving chamber with a gas outlet pipe, the central cylinder is a fuel bunker, in the side walls of which there are radial holes located between the drying and dry distillation zones. The conical gasification chamber is equipped with a tubular cone-spiral steam generator with steam tuyere and a tubular steam nozzle connected to the water tank of the water supply system through a water supply pipe. The generator gas receiving chamber is equipped with a condensate discharge pipe connected to a water tank, an air tuyere is installed in the ash chamber. The gasification chamber is equipped with a flange located between the flanges of the upper and lower parts of the gas generator, while all flanges are bolted together.

EFFECT: improving the reliability of the reactor by simplifying the design.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of high-temperature gasification of carbon-containing fuels, specifically to automobile gas generators for the direct process of gasification of high-carbon fuels.

There is a known automobile gas generator of “water gas” of the direct gasification process NATI-AG for high-carbon fuels - anthracite, which has an automatic supply of water into the cavity of the air pipe into the heater under the influence of the vacuum created by the air sucked into the gas generator and with a pneumatic method for regulating the supply of water and steam-air mixture from the cavity between the body and the casing of the gasification chamber enters through the tuyeres into the combustion zone (Tokarev V.V. “Automotive gas generators”, “MASHGIZ”, pp. 42, 43).

The disadvantage of the known gas generator is the complexity of the design, which leads to a decrease in operational characteristics and reliability, as well as the design of the core does not allow gasification of tarry and bituminous fuels.

The closest technical solution is an automobile gas generator of “water gas” of the direct gasification process TsNIIAT-AG-2 with a central air supply and central outlet of generator gas with a conical gasification chamber with a flange connected to the ash pan flange by bolts and installed in a housing with a fuel hopper in the upper part of the system supplying water vapor from a tank located in the fuel chamber of water supply tubes to a supply control system depending on the thermal conditions by a float and a steam reservoir formed around the lower part of the conical gasification chamber (Tokarev V.V. “Automotive gas generators”, “MASHGIZ”, p. 44, Fig. 26).

The disadvantage of the known gas generator TsNIIAT-AG-2 is that:

1. Preheating water in a reservoir located in a fuel bunker reduces the activity of the gasification process because For a stable gasification process, on the contrary, heating of the fuel is necessary to increase the gasification temperature.

2. Low reliability due to the complexity of the design due to the presence of a large number of parts exposed to high temperature loads, leading to burnouts and cracks.

3. Increased humidity of the generator gas removed from the fuel bunker as a result of mixing of water evaporated in the drying zone.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the hydrogen content H2 and reliability.

The technical result is achieved in that an automobile gas generator of a direct gasification process with a central air supply and a central outlet of generator gas contains a housing, a fuel hopper with a fuel loading hatch located in the upper part of the housing, a water tank, the gas generator is made of two parts: an upper part, which contains zones of drying, dry distillation and reduction, and a lower part, which contains a conical gasification chamber located between the reduction and combustion zones, a grate, an air lance with an air supply pipe, an ash chamber with an ash unloading hatch, the upper and lower parts of the gas generator are equipped with flanges. According to the invention, the upper part of the gas generator consists of coaxial cylinders inserted into each other, forming between themselves a chamber for receiving generator gas with a gas outlet pipe, the central cylinder is a fuel hopper, in the side walls of which there are radial holes located between the drying and dry distillation zones, conical the gasification chamber is equipped with a tubular cone-spiral steam generator with steam lances and a tubular steam nozzle connected to the water tank of the water supply system via a water supply pipe, the generator gas receiving chamber is equipped with a condensate drain pipe connected to the water tank, the air lance is installed in the ash chamber, The gasification chamber is equipped with a flange placed between the flanges of the upper and lower parts of the gas generator, while all flanges are bolted together.

The drawing shows an automobile gas generator of a direct gasification process.

The gas generator contains a housing formed from the upper part 1 with a fuel loading hatch 2, consisting of two coaxial cylinders inserted into each other, forming a chamber 3 for receiving generator gas through the radial holes 4 of the central cylinder of the upper part 1. The central cylinder is a fuel hopper. Chamber 3 for receiving generator gas is equipped with a gas outlet pipe 5.

In the upper part 1 of the housing, during the gasification process, zones of drying 6, dry distillation 7 of fuel and recovery 24 are formed. Radial holes 4 are located between the zones of drying 6 and dry distillation 7. At the bottom of the upper part 1 of the housing there is a flange 8.

The lower - second part 9 of the housing contains a conical gasification chamber 16, located between the recovery zones 24 and combustion 23, an ash chamber 12 with an ash unloading hatch 10, a grate 11, an air lance 13 with an air supply pipe, located in the center of the ash chamber 12. The lower part 9 the housing in its upper part is equipped with a flange 14. The conical gasification chamber 16 is equipped with a tubular cone-spiral steam generator 17 with steam lances 22 and a tubular steam nozzle 21 connected to the water tank 20 of the water supply system 19 through a horizontal water supply pipe 18.

The generator gas receiving chamber 3 of the upper part 1 of the housing is equipped with a condensate drain tube 26 connected to the water tank 20 of the water supply system 19 to the tubular cone-spiral steam generator 17 of the conical gasification chamber 16.

Between flanges 8 and 14, flange 15 of the conical gasification chamber 16 is inserted. Flanges 8, 14 and 15 are fastened with a bolted connection 25.

The invention works as follows.

Fuel is loaded through hatch 2 of the upper part of 1 body into the central cylinder, which is the fuel hopper.

Ash is unloaded from the ash chamber 12 of the lower part 9 of the housing through the ash unloading hatch 10.

Air enters the combustion zone 23 of the gasification chamber 16 through an air lance 13 located in the ash chamber 12 of the lower part 9 of the housing.

Water from the reservoir 20 is supplied by the water supply system 19 through the water supply tube 18 to the tubular cone-spiral steam generator 17 of the conical gasification chamber 16.

Repair and maintenance are carried out by disconnecting the upper 1 and lower 9 parts of the housing and the gasification chamber 16, secured with a bolted connection 25.

Superheated steam, which includes water vapor from the reservoir 20 and condensate from the generator gas receiving chamber 3 of the upper part 1 of the housing, hydrocarbon compounds CnHn, introduced into the plane of the interface between the combustion zones 23 and recovery 24 comes into contact, as a result of which the following reactions occur:

1. With carbon C to form hydrogen H2 carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide CO according to the formula C + H2O = CO + H" - 28800 cal/mol (1)

2. With part of the carbon monoxide CO previously formed in the combustion zone with the formation of carbon dioxide CO2 and an additional volume of hydrogen H” according to the formula

CO + H2O = CO2 + 9849 kcal/mol (2)

(1) AND (2) “Formation of “water gas”” Tokarev V.V. “Gas-generating cars”, MASHGIZ, 1955, p. 34.

and enriched with an additional volume of carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H2, generator - “water” gas is removed from the generator gas receiving chamber 3 of the upper part 1 of the housing through the gas outlet pipe 5 to the cooling and filtration systems.

The condensate formed during cooling of the generator gas entering the generator gas receiving chamber 3 through the radial holes 4 flows into the lower part of the generator gas receiving chamber 3 and then through the tube 18 into the water supply system 19.

Additional drying of the fuel in the hopper of the upper part 1 of the housing is provided by the generator gas heated by the inner wall of the hopper, which is discharged through the generator gas receiving chamber 3.

The proposed invention ensures that the generator gas is enriched with an additional volume of hydrogen H2 and carbon monoxide CO by at least 15%.

Increases reliability by simplifying the design.

Reduces costs for maintenance of all categories, as well as for routine and major repairs.

Claims (1)

An automobile gas generator of a direct gasification process with a central air supply and a central outlet of generator gas, containing a housing, a fuel hopper with a fuel loading hatch located in the upper part of the housing, a water tank, the gas generator is made of two parts: the upper part, which contains drying zones, dry distillation and recovery, and the lower part, which contains a conical gasification chamber located between the reduction and combustion zones, a grate, an air lance with an air supply pipe, an ash chamber with an ash unloading hatch, the upper and lower parts of the gas generator are equipped with flanges, characterized in that the upper part The gas generator consists of coaxial cylinders inserted into each other, forming between them a generator gas receiving chamber with a gas outlet pipe, the central cylinder is a fuel hopper, in the side walls of which there are radial holes located between the drying and dry distillation zones, the conical gasification chamber is equipped with a tubular cone a spiral steam generator with steam lances and a tubular steam nozzle connected to the water tank of the water supply system through a water supply pipe, the generator gas receiving chamber is equipped with a condensate drain pipe connected to the water tank, the air lance is installed in the ash chamber, the gasification chamber is equipped with a flange placed between the flanges of the upper and lower parts of the gas generator, while all flanges are bolted together.