RU2805643C1 - Method of correcting receptive speech disorders - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; neurorehabilitation.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to correct impaired receptive speech in children. A course of training with biofeedback (BFB) based on the analysis of the electroencephalogram is carried out. Sessions are carried out with an interval of 2–3 days, lasting for 30–40 minutes. The course of correction includes 10–20 sessions. Sessions are carried out with the location of the electrodes in the central, frontal and temporal EEG leads.

EFFECT: method allows to accelerate the process of speech development of children with impaired receptive speech.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to medicine, more precisely, to neurorehabilitation, and can be used in the correction of speech understanding disorders.

Impaired speech understanding, or sensory alalia, is a disorder in the development of speech in a child, resulting in the absence or significant limitation of receptive speech. Since receptive and expressive speech are closely related, there is a concomitant deficiency of expressive speech (Wiesel T.G. Fundamentals of Neuropsychology. M., 2005). It is assumed that the majority of speech understanding disorders are based on disturbances in auditory gnosis. The area responsible for the formation of speech auditory gnosis is the left temporal lobe.

State of the art

Currently, the most common method of treatment is a combination of pharmacological therapy and speech therapy techniques based on learning to differentiate various types of speech and non-speech sounds. There are no statistical data on the effectiveness of such treatment for these disorders in the literature; the duration of correction can be several years.

There is a known method for the treatment of sensory and motor alalia in children (RU2381817) using transcranial micropolarization procedures (TCMP) of the brain, leading to an improvement in higher mental functions and fine motor skills, and a reduction in treatment time. The limitations of the method are the existence of contraindications to TCMP, as well as insufficient knowledge of the effect of TCSP against the background of continuous pharmacotherapy.

One of the promising and safe methods for correcting a person’s condition is the biofeedback method (BFB), which allows visualization of physiological parameters and correction of body conditions.

There is a method of speech correction (RU2128944) aimed at increasing the respiratory arrhythmia of the heart and controlling muscle tension in the shoulder girdle using biofeedback during speech production. The method reduces rehabilitation time and has a complex positive effect on the human body, but is only effective for correcting expressive speech and does not allow improving speech understanding in children.

The development of a method for correcting receptive speech disorders was based on the results of a comprehensive study of 154 children aged 4 to 10 years, including 25 children with an established diagnosis of “receptive speech disorder” (sensory alalia), 26 children with other speech disorders (stuttering, dysarthria , dyspraxia). A 19-channel EEG was recorded during situations of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed and open, sustained visual attention, listening to words and pseudowords, correct and incorrect sentences. Based on significant differences between EEG parameters in the group of children with receptive speech impairment and EEG parameters in other groups (typically developing children and children with speech impairment but preserved speech understanding), a method for correcting receptive speech impairment was developed.

The method is carried out as follows.

First, using a computer electroencephalograph, an EEG is recorded in a state of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed and open, in a situation of sustained visual attention and listening to speech.

Next, using spectral analysis, the individual ranges and power of alpha and theta EEG rhythms are determined.

Trainings are conducted with EEG biofeedback aimed at:

1. increase in the individual power of the alpha rhythm in the C4 locus in a state of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed;

2. a decrease in the power of the theta rhythm in the F7 locus when performing tasks that require concentration of attention on non-speech stimuli;

3. decrease in the power of alpha and theta rhythms in the F3 and T3 loci during the performance of tasks requiring speech understanding.

Sessions are carried out at intervals of 2-3 days, lasting 30-40 minutes. The correction course includes 10-20 sessions.

Examples of performing the correction method

Example 1. Patient S., 4 years 11 months. He was admitted for correction with a diagnosis of mental retardation and sensory alalia. The child is restless, often distracted, switches attention from one stimulus to another. Shows interest in tasks that require attention to visual stimuli, but does not pay attention to tasks containing only verbal instructions. Speech understanding is reduced, expressive speech is absent. The EEG revealed diffuse changes in bioelectrical activity and no pathological activity.

A course of biofeedback training was conducted, consisting of 18 sessions, 3 times a week. At the 5th lesson, the child began to pay attention to tasks containing speech, repeat words, and became more assiduous. By the end of the course, the number of words that the child could clearly repeat increased to 10. Significant progress was noted in classes with a speech therapist.

Example 2. Patient R., 7 years 6 months. He was admitted for correction with a diagnosis of sensory alalia. The child is restless, hyperactive, has reduced attention span, and understands spoken speech only at the everyday level. The vocabulary is limited, echolalia and incoherent repetitions of words known to the child are observed. The EEG revealed diffuse changes in bioelectrical activity and no pathological activity.

A course of biofeedback training was conducted, consisting of 14 procedures, twice a week. As the course progressed, the child became calmer, more diligent, began to perform better tasks containing questions, and solve riddles, including those without visual clues. An increase in scores was recorded for the subtests “Awareness”, “Vocabulary”, “Cryptography”, “Missing Details” in the Wechsler test. There was an improvement in behavior during sessions with a speech therapist and a decrease in the frequency of echolalia.

Claims (1)

A method for correcting receptive speech disorders in children using training with biofeedback based on electroencephalogram parameters, characterized in that in 10-20 sessions lasting 30-40 minutes conducted at intervals of 2-3 days, the trainees are reinforced by an increase in the power of the alpha rhythm allocated in in the individual range, in the C4 locus in a state of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed, a decrease in the power of the theta rhythm, identified in the individual range, in the F7 locus when performing tasks that require concentration of attention on non-speech stimuli, a decrease in the power of the alpha and theta rhythms, identified in individual ranges, in the F3 and T3 loci during the performance of tasks requiring speech understanding.