RU2803345C1 - New drug based on worm hydrolyzate for neutralization of heavy metals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: preparation based on hydrolyzate of worm biomass for neutralization of heavy metals is characterized in that the preparation is obtained by cleaning the worms from the substrate and intestinal contents at the rate of 150 g of biomass per 1 litre of the preparation, carrying out alkaline hydrolysis of the worm biomass by adding 25g of NaOH, slowly pouring tap water with stirring on a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm, heating up to +60°C, with formation of peptides from protein biomass, for 2 hours, the resulting solution is cooled, then filtered through a nylon or polyamide fabric and poured into plastic containers for storage and transportation. All components are taken at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce the residual content of heavy metals.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of creating a preparation on an organic basis for the neutralization of heavy metals and the further production of organomineral fertilizer.

An increase in population, urbanization, active civil and industrial construction, mining and processing of minerals, and intensive agricultural activities often lead to an increased content of heavy metals in organic waste, primarily municipal wastewater sludge, bottom silts and sediments. The presence of mobile forms of heavy metal salts in substrates may hinder their use. In this regard, the creation of a drug to reduce the toxicity and mobility of metal salts in waste for their further processing into organic fertilizers is an urgent task.

There is a known method for processing sewage sludge (RF patent 2457909), which includes treating sewage sludge with chemical reagents. The disadvantage of this method is that the reagents may partially remain in the water after treatment, as well as insufficient efficiency for the neutralization of heavy metals.

The problem to be solved by the proposed invention is to expand the arsenal of means for neutralizing substrates contaminated with heavy metals for the further production of organic fertilizers.

The technical result of the invention is that after using the proposed drug, the residual content of heavy metals is reduced.

The stated task and the specified technical result are achieved due to the fact that the new drug based on worm hydrolyzate for the neutralization of heavy metals contains, by weight. %: peptides - (15-18); sodium hydroxide - 25; organic (hydrolysis products of fats, carbohydrates) and mineral impurities - (4-7), water - the rest.

The resulting preparation contains sodium salts of peptides and fats, weighing 300-1500 Da (Dalton), which have a high ability to interact with heavy metals, with the subsequent involvement of peptides in the microbiome food chain during waste composting, promoting the biodegradation of organic waste.

During the production of the drug, no waste is generated, the raw materials can be grown on organic waste all year round, the drug, after being added to the waste and neutralizing heavy metals, becomes a breeding ground for microorganisms.

The preparation is prepared using the method of alkaline hydrolysis with heating and stirring, and its use for the treatment of activated sludge or wastewater sludge from food and/or municipal wastewater or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and droppings. The technology for producing hydrolyzate from vermiculture of dung worms includes the following stages: cultivation, selection, purification from substrate, biomass hydrolysis, solution filtration.

The introduction of alkali into the composition ensures that the resulting solution is stored for at least 0.5 years.

Composition for obtaining hydrolyzate, taken in wt. %:

Biomass of dung worms 15±3 alkali 2.5 water rest.

The resulting preparation contains sodium salts of peptides and fats, weighing 300-1500 Da (Dalton), which have a high ability to interact with heavy metals, with the subsequent involvement of peptides in the microbiome food chain during waste composting, promoting the biodegradation of organic waste.

Organomineral fertilizer with a new preparation can be obtained as follows.

A substrate with a high level of contamination with heavy metal salts is treated with a solution of the drug and mixed. It is aged for 24 hours, after which it is used as raw material for composting.

The dung worm Eisenia fetida is cultivated to obtain biomass in order to obtain food additives and nutrient media for the cultivation of microorganisms, feed additives in fish farming, poultry farming, and the production of enzyme preparations for medicine, agriculture and municipal services.

The main composition of the dung worm: water 80-85%, dry weight 14-16%, of which fat 0.9-1.2%, carbohydrates - 2.8-3.5%, protein 8.5-10%, ash 0.7-1%.

The new drug ensures the process of neutralizing heavy metals in organic waste, namely:

1. The process of neutralizing heavy metals occurs due to the distribution of the liquid preparation in the waste.

2. The interaction of sodium salts of peptides occurs with the formation of complex compounds between the soluble metal salt and the peptides.

3. The protein composition of worms makes it possible to obtain a hydrolyzate with a wide range of peptides with a wide variety of functional groups and

The formation of bonds between metal ions and peptides occurs due to functional groups, such as alcohol groups in serine and threonine molecules, a phenyl group in tyrosine, a sulfhydryl group in cysteine, a disulfide group in cystine, second carboxyl groups in aspartic and glutamic acids, second nitrogen-containing groups in arginine and histidine. Methionine contains sulfur atoms in the carbon chain. The properties of the drug are especially important for the rapid neutralization of biologically hazardous waste such as manure, litter, activated sludge and food and municipal waste.

5. Neutralization of heavy metals occurs simultaneously, leading to a decrease in their mobility by 7-10 times relative to the original water-soluble forms of heavy metals, the series of effective binding looks like: Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cr.

6. Treatment of manure and droppings with the drug does not interfere with subsequent composting of the waste; the protein nature of the drug stimulates the growth and development of microorganisms.

Technology for obtaining a new drug.

1. Cleaning worms from substrate and intestinal contents at the rate of 150 g of biomass per liter of preparation.

2. Alkaline hydrolysis of worm biomass - 25 g of NaOH is added and slowly filled with tap water with stirring on a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm, heated to +60°C, which leads to the formation of peptides from the protein mass.

3. Commercially produced equipment is used.

4. Hydrolysis is carried out for 2 hours, after which the resulting solution is cooled and filtered through nylon or polyamide fabric.

5. The resulting solution is bottled for storage and transportation in plastic containers.

An example of the use of the claimed drug in comparison with an amino acid detoxicant reagent (RF Patent No. 2457909).

The binding of heavy metals with an amino acid detoxicant reagent and the proposed drug based on worm hydrolyzate was assessed under the conditions of model experiments. For this purpose, solutions of metal salts were prepared at an approximate concentration of 100 mg/100 ml of solution.

We used salts of heavy metals, the concentrations of which and their mobile forms are standardized: ZnSO ₄ 7H ₂ O; CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O; Cd(NO ₃ ) ₂ ; Ni (NO ₃ ) ₂ 6H ₂ O; CrN ₃ O ₉ 9H ₂ O; Pb(NO ₃ ) ₂ .

Solutions of 100 ml were treated with an amino acid detoxicant reagent and a preparation based on worm hydrolyzate; the control was the original solutions.

Next, the doses of the drugs were calculated and the solutions were processed, which were then filtered through a white ribbon filter.

Samples of aqueous solutions of heavy metal salts (initial) and filtered solutions after treatment with a preparation based on plant raw materials and worm hydrolyzate were analyzed (table).

For an amino acid detoxifying reagent, the effective binding series looks like: Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr. For the worm hydrolyzate drug, the effective binding series looks like Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cr.

Maximum complexation occurs with lead salt (99%), chromium complexes least of all, since it is a trivalent metal.

As can be seen from the table, after using a new drug based on worm hydrolyzate, the residual content of heavy metals is less than after using an amino acid detoxifying reagent.

Claims (2)

A drug based on the hydrolyzate of worm biomass for the neutralization of heavy metals, characterized in that the drug is obtained by cleaning the worms from the substrate and intestinal contents at the rate of 150 g of biomass per 1 liter of the drug, carrying out alkaline hydrolysis of the worm biomass by adding 25 g of NaOH, and slowly pouring tap water with stirring on a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm, heating to +60°C, with the formation of peptides from protein biomass, for 2 hours, the resulting solution is cooled, then filtered through nylon or polyamide fabric and bottled for storage and transportation to plastic containers, with the following ratio of initial components, g: worm biomass 150 sodium hydroxide 25 water up to 1 l