RU2801107C1 - Aerodynamic method of drying and threshing of agricultural crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in that the drying of agricultural crops is carried out by treating them with a gaseous agent in a vortex tube together with threshing successively at different pressures of the gaseous agent, whereas the pressure of the gaseous agent during drying is less than during threshing. In addition, periodically during drying, a pressure is created corresponding to the conditions of threshing of the cultivated crop, and, in addition to rotation by the gas flow, the mechanical rotation of the threshed crop is additionally carried out, thereby increasing the uniformity of drying throughout the volume.

EFFECT: intensifying the drying process, as well as excluding from the process the unloading of the threshed crop from the drying chamber, its movement to the threshing device with subsequent loading.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production.

In nature, the separation of seeds from the stems and their drying occurs under the influence of wind energy.

In agriculture, drying takes place in drying units, due to the supply of air or the energy of the combusted fuel with air.

A known method of drying grain products in the flow of a gaseous working agent, when drying is carried out in the working chamber of the vortex tube by supplying the material to be dried and the gaseous working agent through a tangential pipe [1].

Drying grain products per pass cannot significantly reduce moisture content. their residence time in the vortex tube is extremely short, and the drying time of the grain inside takes tens of hours and even more than a day. This method of drying removes only surface moisture. At the same time, the drying of different layers of the crop occurs at different rates: the upper layers dry more slowly than the lower ones and are more distant from the gas flow source, which increases the time for complete drying.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant energy consumption for drying, which significantly exceeds the energy costs for threshing due to the duration of the drying process, which is much longer than the time for separating the grain from the stems. After that, the grains are unloaded from the drying chamber, moved to the threshing device, loaded and threshed.

In agricultural production, threshing is carried out in threshing devices by hitting plant stems and seeds, as a result of which some of the seeds are injured.

For threshing, you can use the aerodynamic method of threshing in the working body of the vortex tube for threshing corn cobs (Fig. 1) of the threshing device (Fig. 2). This method includes the supply of the threshed crop, its rotation with a gas stream, the removal of grain and threshing fractions and the additional rotation of the threshed crop mechanically. The method allows to reduce grain injury, which is important for increasing germination, to thresh hard-to-thresh crops, such as rice, corn, etc. [2].

The disadvantage of the separate method of drying and threshing is the low efficiency of drying and the need to forward the threshed crop for threshing after the dryer. Logistics requires additional costs and time for it.

The aim of the invention is to intensify the drying process, reduce the time for drying and threshing, ensure uniformity of drying by volume, exclude local overheating of grain, and, as a result, improve grain quality, save energy, exclude unloading the threshed crop from the drying chamber, moving the threshed crop to the threshing device and download it.

The essence of the aerodynamic method of drying and threshing crops by treating the crop with a gaseous agent in a vortex tube is that the drying of crops is carried out by treating them with a gaseous agent in one device together with threshing successively at different pressures of the gaseous agent, while the pressure of the gaseous agent in drying time is shorter than threshing. In addition, periodically during drying, a pressure is created corresponding to the mode of threshing of the cultivated crop, and, in addition to rotation by the gas flow, mechanical rotation of the threshed crop is additionally carried out, which achieves an increase in the uniformity of drying throughout the volume and, as a result, a reduction in drying time and threshing and energy costs.

Below is the possibility to carry out these operations - drying and threshing in a known threshing device [2], shown in Fig. 2 (open circuit). The device contains receivers 1 and 2 for grain, a vortex tube 3 with a nozzle inlet 4, a diaphragm 5, an electric motor 6, a valve 7, a window 8, an air collector 9, fan blades 10 and perforations 11. The vortex tube 3 is connected by a nozzle inlet to a source of compressed air. Diaphragm 5 is made with perforations 11 for removing grain into additional grain receiver 2, which is equipped with an adjusting valve 12. In the vortex tube 3 there can be several tangential nozzle inputs 4 supplying air.

To implement the method of drying and threshing in a vortex tube, the product to be threshed, for example, corn, is placed in a threshing device for a long period of time required for complete drying of the grain, and air is supplied, while periodically during drying, pressure is created corresponding to the threshing mode, and then, without unloading the crop from the vortex tube, it is threshed.

The threshing method includes the same operations as in the prototype: rotation of the threshed culture with a gas stream, removal of grain and light threshing fractions, together with rotation of the threshed culture with a gas stream. In addition to the rotation of the threshed crop with a gas stream, it can additionally be mechanical rotation

When implementing the method, compressed air or gas enters the nozzle inlet 4, twists in the vortex tube 3, where the threshed crop is located. The threshed grain enters the receiver 1 continuously, and the cobs are removed through the lower part of the vortex tube 3 through the window 8 after the end of threshing. The grain wakes up through the perforations 11 of the diaphragm 5 and accumulates in an additional grain receiver 2. In this case, the diaphragm 5 can additionally provide rotation of the threshed crop (for example, corn cobs).

Diaphragm 5 is driven by an electric motor 6 or by means of a chain or belt drive from a compressed air source. When the diaphragm 5 with blades 10 rotates (diaphragm 5 with blades 10 are elements of the main fan) and the air collector 9, the air is sucked in by the blades 10 from the atmosphere from below, is collected in the air collector 9 and enters through the inlet 4 into the pipe 3.

When drying and threshing are combined in one device, to accelerate drying, periodically after 2-3 hours, the air supply mode is briefly switched on for high-pressure threshing. The result is a vertical mixing of the layers of corn cobs, resulting in uniform drying and reduced drying time.

The rotation of the diaphragm leads to a uniform supply of air from the tangential nozzle to all volumes located around the circumference of the vortex tube.

In addition, a drying option is possible by supplying air with blades located around the circumference of the diaphragm.

It is also possible to supply air from a separately installed additional fan 13, as shown in Fig. 3, where 13 is an additional fan, 14 is a return pipe. Here, the threshing air is supplied in a closed circuit through the return pipe 14 shown in FIG. 4 (closed circuit). After the vortex tube 3, the air through the return pipe 14 enters the inlet of the fan 15, located near the air collector 9 (not shown in Fig. 4, see Fig. 2), which supplies air to the tangential nozzle inlet 4 of the vortex tube 3. This reduces the pressure and fan power and reduce the dustiness of the environment. After the end of threshing, the valve 7 opens to eject the threshed rods that fly out of the vortex tube 3, after which the fan 15 turns off and the next batch of cobs is loaded for drying and threshing. The cycle of drying and threshing is repeated. Periodic inclusion of air in the threshing mode moves the cobs vertically and reduces the drying time, makes it more uniform, while part of the dried grains fly out of the rods, which intensifies the rotation of the corn mass and reduces the time for threshing.

To increase the intensity of drying, periodic mixing of the agricultural crop with an air flow is carried out, increasing the pressure of the air entering the pipe in the threshing mode, which reduces the drying time together with threshing. The threshing pressure depends on the loaded crop and its moisture content.

For example, in a vortex tube with a diameter of 1.2 m, when loading 150 kg of corn cobs with a moisture content of 30%, the drying time with hot air is 36 hours to a moisture content of 18%. Drying air pressure is 0.001 MPa. The mixing frequency is 3 hours by increasing the pressure to 0.007 MPa for 0.5 minutes, after which the pressure is reduced to 0.001 MPa.

At a threshing time of 3 minutes, part of the grains has time to leave the rod. Threshing is 65%. The time for complete threshing of all cobs is 5 minutes. At air pressure for threshing - 0.007 MPa.

For drying and threshing, it is possible to use large-diameter vortex tubes, about 18 m, reducing the drying period due to the short loading and threshing time, i.e. unloading.

These features of the proposed method provide intensification of the drying process, reduction of time for drying and threshing, uniform drying in volume, elimination of local overheating of the grain, and, as a result, improved grain quality, energy savings, exclusion of unloading the threshed crop from the drying chamber, moving the threshed crop to threshing device and its loading.

Links to sources

1. Rvachev A.L., Safonov V.A. Author's certificate of the USSR SU 1197168 A1

2. Safonov V.A. Author's certificate of the USSR SU 1375177 A1. Method for threshing grain and device for its implementation.

Claims (3)

1. An aerodynamic method for drying and threshing crops by treating the crop with a gaseous agent in a vortex tube, characterized in that the drying is performed together with threshing sequentially in one device at different pressures of the gaseous agent, while the pressure of the gaseous agent during drying is less than when thresh. 2. An aerodynamic method for drying and threshing crops according to claim 1, characterized in that periodically during drying a pressure is created corresponding to the threshing mode of the cultivated crop. 3. Aerodynamic method of drying and threshing crops according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that during drying and threshing, in addition to rotation by a gas stream, mechanical rotation of the threshed crop is additionally carried out.

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