RU2800690C2 - Double distillation apparatus for producing top quality ethyl alcohol distillate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for the production of top quality ethyl alcohol distillates. Double distillation apparatus for the distillation of ethyl alcohol, consisting of two stills, with one still inside the other, the inner still has its own temperature and vapour pressure control system, which is part of a single temperature and vapour pressure control system of the distiller, the outer still has its own vapour pressure control system connected to the first distillation cube vapour pressure control system, which is part of a single distiller temperature and vapour pressure control system, both distillation cubes are simultaneously heated by one heating element, all heating elements of which have the same power, and the temperature in the cubes is regulated by a single control system temperature and vapour pressure of the distiller, a unified system for controlling the temperature and vapour pressure of the distiller allows you to control the purity of ethyl alcohol distillate with an accuracy of 0.2%, from 60% up to 100% purity.

EFFECT: provision of an energy-efficient compact distiller with precise control of the % content of ethyl alcohol and water in the resulting distillate without harmful impurities.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used for the production of ethyl alcohol distillate 60-100% for the food industry and the chemical industry.

From the existing prior art known:

Patent No. SU 97664 A1 Continuously operating apparatus for the distillation and rectification of alcohol (conical parts are used, but in a multi-stage complex distillation column).

Subject of invention

1. A continuously operating apparatus for the distillation and rectification of alcohol, made in the form of vertical columns with compartments for plates, characterized in that, in order to better deplete the alcohol-containing liquid, the boiling part of the apparatus is made in the form of several horizontal cylinders connected in series with each other by cranked pipes equipped with devices for bubbling steam in the form of perforated cones mounted in tees through which liquid is passed, and the upper part of the cylinders is connected to cylindrical traps equipped with devices for removing hardened vapors and alcohol into the column.

2. The form of execution of the apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to use alcohol vapors as a heating agent, part of the horizontal cylinders connected to one trap is equipped with steam supply from the vapor space of the second trap, the boiling elements of which have bubblers with devices for supplying fresh steam.

Also known is Patent No. SU 124907 A1 Apparatus for the distillation of cognac spirit (single distillation with significant long-term energy-intensive preparation of raw materials) Subject of the invention

An apparatus for the distillation of cognac spirit, including a distillation cube, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator and a collector for head and tail shoulder straps, characterized in that, in order to ensure a single distillation of alcohol, it collectively uses a tank installed in front of the distillation cube for preheating wine, equipped with a coil, through which waste hot water circulates, supplied through the pipeline from the reflux condenser, and a reinforcing column with capped plates mounted between the distillation cube and the reflux condenser, which connects the bodies of the latter into a common vertical column, and to supply the reinforcing column with phlegm, it is connected to the reflux condenser using a tubular hydraulic shutter.

Also known is Patent No. SU 139642 A1 Continuously operating apparatus for producing cognac spirit (regarding aromatization)

Subject of invention

A continuously operating apparatus for producing cognac alcohol by distillation of heated grape wine, made using a depletion column, an impurity concentration column, reflux condensers and heat exchangers for preheating wine, characterized in that, in order to obtain high-quality cognac alcohol, after the depletion column, a blending cognac column is installed with devices for introducing and regulating high- and low-boiling impurities entering it.

A common disadvantage of the above technical solutions is; high technical complexity, large footprint, high power consumption per liter. finished distillate, separate complex devices for aromatization, lack of precise pressure control inside all production cavities separately, variable distillate quality (not higher than 96%), in the absence of control over the composition of 4% impurities (including those hazardous to human health and making it impossible use of obtained distillates in the chemical industry).

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the claimed invention is an energy-efficient compact distiller with precise control of the percentage of ethanol and water in the resulting distillate, without harmful impurities.

To achieve the specified technical result, a new design double stage apparatus is proposed, with a conical body of the internal distillation cube, deployed differently, at a different angle than in earlier inventions.

In this case, there are two distillation phases, and not more.

There are no distillation columns and plates in the design of the apparatus. No hazardous chemicals are used.

Aromatization occurs continuously and in a controlled manner at the outlet of the still. Precise regulation and control of pressure inside all production cavities separately.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

On cube 1 there are two columns for the first stage 1.5 inches, and for the second stage - 2 inches.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE.

Fig. 1. - Double distillation apparatus for producing top quality ethyl alcohol distillate.

Fig. 2. - Double-circuit flow refrigerator.

MAIN BODY

1. Cube No. 1 100 l. with a hole of 250 mm.

To install the second cube.

2. Cube of the second stage 15 l.

3. Filler neck 2" clamp weld flange with plug.

4. Electric heaters two pcs.

5. Ball valve for draining stillage.

6. Removable cover on 8 studs, diameter 270 mm.

For hermetic closure of both cubes with gaskets - 34.

7. Clamp flange 1.5 inches welded.

8. Clamp flange 2 inches welded.

9. Emergency pressure relief valves for each cube.

10. Nipples for installing electronic thermometers for each cube.

11. Tap for draining the first stage

12. Drain tube of the first stage.

COLUMN OF THE FIRST HAUL

13. Diopter.

14. Tsarga 330 mm. With Panchenkov grids located in the interior.

15. Small tsarga. 1.5" with thermometer installed.

16. Electronic thermometers on two columns.

17. Sukhoparnik with a tap for draining phlegm and tailings.

18. Dry steam valve.

19. Bubbler with stainless steel lid and 0.75 liter glass jar.

20. Double-circuit flow refrigerator.

COLUMN OF THE SECOND PARK

21. Tsarga 330 mm. With Panchenkov grids located in the interior.

22. Diopter.

23. Dephlegmator.

24. Needle tap for adjusting alcohol content.

25. Small drawer side 2 inches with thermometer installed.

26. Faucets in front of bubblers 2 pcs. on two columns.

27. Bubbler with a stainless steel lid and a 0.7S liter glass jar, (also designed for sampling light fractions and heads)

28. Connecting tubes with a refrigerator.

29. Three-way crane for selecting heads and directing the raw material of the first stage to the second cube.

30. Three-way valve for directing the coolant into the dephlegmator and dumping excess.

31. Nozzles Panchenkov RPN.

32. Tube for determining the level of liquid in the cube -1

33. Tube for additional heating with steam and a handle for removing the cube - 2.

34. Gaskets 2 pcs. silicone high temperature.

All column connections are 1.5-2 inch clamps, and tubular connections are threaded, fitting-nut gasket, material for tubes is food grade stainless steel, copper.

CUBE 2 FOR THE SECOND STAGE

Flared cone. Copper or Stainless steel food metal thickness = 1 mm. Diameter Base=270 mm. The diameter of the part inserted into the first cube = 247 mm. Height=655 mm. Flaring with mounting holes in 1 cube = 20 mm. Top of a cone=100 mm. muted oval. Tube of additional heating with steam and a handle for removing the cube with a diameter = 20 mm. Located below the flaring base by 25-30 mm. - 33. Inserted inside the first cube.

Technical solutions coinciding with the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention have not been identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention complies with such a patentability condition as "novelty". The claimed essential features that predetermine the receipt of the specified technical result do not explicitly follow from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention complies with such a patentability condition as "inventive step".

REFRIGERATOR

Two coils-41-42, 1.5 m long. Stainless steel pipe 8 mm. in one building; nipple-35 first stage steam inlet, nipple-36 first stage outlet, nipple-37 second stage steam inlet, nipple-38 finished product outlet, nipple-39 coolant inlet for cooling coils, nipple-40 coolant outlet for dephlegmator and discharge .

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE DOUBLE START DISTILLER:

After heating in the first cube of the apparatus, the alcohol-containing vapors rise into the tube (strand), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the NPR (Panchinkov nozzle), giving off part of the heat to the wire.

As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of phlegm (liquid), and the alcohol vapors, purified from part of the harmful impurities, continue to move and enter the dry steamer, where they condense and flow down, forming liquid that collects at the bottom and is removed by opening tap-18.

The remaining vapors rise and enter the bubbler, where they are also condensed, cleaned and follow to the cooler, where they are finally condensed and enter the receiving container in the form of heads, and then, after selecting the heads, by switching the three-way valve, the raw alcohol enters the second cube.

In the second cube, as the raw material of the first stage accumulates, the process of the second stage begins.

Ethyl alcohol, as a substance with a boiling point of 78.4 ° C, transforming into steam, passes further - into the side of the filled tap changer through the diopter into the dephlegmator.

The reflux condenser is a module operating on the principle of heat and mass transfer. Necessarily - countercurrent influence. In other words, it is a reverse refrigerator, in which alcohol vapors condense and return to the cube already in the form of a liquid - reflux.

Encountering new vapors on the way, phlegm reacts with them, “taking down” heavy fractions - fusel oils - and allowing light substances (among which is ethyl alcohol) to pass further into the small tsarga, where the temperature control of alcohol content takes place ( the lower the temperature of the steam, the higher the percentage of alcohol), passing through the bubbler, getting the last high-quality purification in order to condense already in the descending (direct) refrigerator and get into the receiving tank with a purified and strong alcohol distillate.

5 Reasons You Need a Diopter:

1. The diopter prevents the "flooding" of the column.

Flooding is when rising vapors in a column prevent the phlegm from flowing back. That is, the flow rate of ascending vapors is high and this prevents the phlegm from flowing back into the tank. If the ratio of vapors and phlegm is approximately equal, then the process is stable.

When there is a strong heating of the mash and the rate of evaporation of alcohol vapor is high, then a foam is formed that contains impurities. And this foam does not have time to flow down the walls back into the tank, but enters the reflux condenser of the column, and then into the final product. The column begins to spit. The quality of the final product suffers greatly as a result.

With the help of a reflux condenser, you can see the process of "flooding" and reduce the heating of the mash, thereby aligning the evaporation process with the process of reflux flowing along the walls of the column

2. Diopter will allow you to remove the spray

It is very important to cut off the spray during the first potstill distillation.

Braga, when heated, usually begins to foam very strongly and part of the splashes from the foam, together with the upward flow of steam, can enter the column, and then into the finished product. As a result, alcohol - "raw" will turn out to be of poor quality and will have to be further purified before the second distillation.

A diopter will allow you to notice the spray in time and reduce the heating of the tank.

3. Diopter as an additional side

A “Panchenkov nozzle” can be inserted into the diopter and thereby increase the number of grids on the path of rising vapors from the tank. This will improve the quality of the final product.

4. Tail diopter

When the diopter fogs up, it becomes clear that the body has already ended and it is necessary to change the receiving container for collecting tails.

5. Diopter MIXER (flavour)

In the diopter, you can hang a mesh with the necessary chemical additives and thereby get your own unique product.

Claims (8)

1. Double distillation apparatus for the distillation of ethyl alcohol, consisting of two distillation cubes, and one alembic is inside another, the internal distillation cube has its own temperature and vapor pressure control system, which is part of a single system for controlling the temperature and vapor pressure of the distiller, the outer distillation still has its own vapor pressure control system connected to the first distillation still's vapor pressure control system, which is part of the distiller's unified temperature and vapor pressure control system, both distillation cubes are simultaneously heated by one heating element, all heating elements of which have the same power, and the temperature in the cubes is regulated by a single system for controlling the temperature and vapor pressure of the distiller, a unified system for controlling the temperature and vapor pressure of the distiller allows you to control the purity of ethyl alcohol distillate with an accuracy of 0.2%, from 60% up to 100% purity. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner distillation cube has a geometric shape that controls the direction of vapor movement due to the operation of the physical laws of thermodynamics and does not allow mixing of vapors from different distillation phases. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides precise regulation and control of pressure inside all production cavities separately.