RU2800660C1 - Method of attraction and capture of males of rhagades pruni potential pest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: attracting and capturing males of Rhagades pruni potential pest using synthetic sex attractants. A synthetic sex attractant concentrate (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate is used at a dose of 50 μl, optically active and enantiomerically pure, and designated as synthetic sex attractant EFETOV-SS-2. The attractant is applied on round rubber dispensers with a hole with an inner diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm once. Then it is kept at a temperature of 60°C within 48 hours. The fixing of dispensers in cardboard rectangular strips of size 25×70 mm is carried out. Then they are fixed in adhesive delta traps with replaceable sticky plates at a height of 4 cm from the sticky plate.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of attracting and catching male pests, increasing the sensitivity and species specificity of the attractant.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of plant protection against pests and can be used in agriculture to attract and capture males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni using synthetic sex attractants.

The use of sexual attractants to protect plants from pests is of particular interest, since their use mainly in combination with traps makes it possible to monitor the development and spread of phytophages (Grichanov I.Ya., Ovsyannikova E.I. Pheromones for phytosanitary monitoring of harmful Lepidoptera. St. Petersburg - Pushkin: VIZR RAAS, 2005:244). It is very promising to use sex attractants together with insecticides as an integrated method of pest control. This makes it possible to establish rational terms and areas of chemical treatment of tree and shrub biotopes, ensures a reduction in the number of pest species while maintaining the number of their populations at an optimal level.

Rhagades pruni (Denis & 1775) belongs to the subfamily Procridinae of the family Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) and is included in many lists of forest pests, fruit and berry crops (FBU "Russian Center for Forest Protection". List of forest pests. Available at http://cz123.ru/content/photo_catalog. php?./photo_catalog/vrediteli_lesa/Rhagades%20pruni/l8.05.2021). Caterpillars feed on leaves of thorns, wild roses, blackberries, strawberries, apple trees, cherries, heathers, willows, aspens, oaks. Rhagades pruni has a transpalearctic distribution, the range includes, among other things, the European part of Russia with the Crimea, the North Caucasus, Siberia, and the Far East. Caterpillars after wintering damage plants in the spring period, which is critical for gaining green mass, so the harmfulness of Rhagades pruni can be high (Moravskaya A.S. On the biology of heather (Procris pruni Schiff.) in the conditions of the Stalingrad region. Zoological journal. 1957; 36 (8 ): 1258-1261). The use of chemoattraction tactics to detect, monitor the seasonal dynamics of the pest population and determine favorable terms for taking adequate measures to combat it is an important element in the integrated plant protection system, taking into account modern environmental protection requirements.

A known method of attracting and trapping males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni, which consists in placing plastic delta traps in potential pest biotopes, in which rubber stoppers-baits with a synthetic sex attractant (2R)-butyl-(7Z)-dodecenoate alone or as a mixture are fixed with (2S)-butyl-(7Z)-dodecenoate (Subchev M., Efetov K.A., Toshova T. et al. New sex attractants for species of the zygaenid subfamily Procridinae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). Entomologia Generalis. 2010; 32(4):243-250).

The disadvantages of this method are the low attractive activity of baits against Rhagades pruni males - 1-2 caught individuals per trap per season, the difficulty of determining the beginning of summer and the mass departure of the pest, which is a necessary condition for the development of integrated methods to combat it, the impossibility of using this method for catching the pest in order to reduce its numbers and develop environmentally friendly methods of dealing with it. In addition, the laboriousness associated with the implementation of a multi-stage, at least seven stages, stereoselective synthesis of enantiomers of (2R)-butyl-(7Z)-dodecenoate and (2S)-butyl-(7Z)-dodecenoate should be attributed to the disadvantages.

As a prototype, a method was chosen to attract and capture males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni using a synthetic sex attractant (Efetov K.A., Kucherenko E.E., Parshkova E.V., Tarmann G.M. 2-butyl 2-dodecenoate, a new sex attractant for Jordanita ( Tremewania) notata (Zeller, 1847) and some other Procridinae species (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 2016; 44(175):519-527), including the use of sec-butyldodecene-2-oate as an attracting agent, which is an optically inactive racemic mixture of (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate and (R)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, applied at a dose of 200 μl without solvent to round rubber dispensers with a hole, followed by fixing the finished baits in adhesive delta traps with interchangeable sticky plates installed on the branches of trees and shrubs at a height of 1 m in the natural biotopes of Rhagades pruni. Thus, the preparative form of the attractant in the prototype is an optically inactive racemic mixture of (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate and (R)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate applied at a dose of 200 μl.

The disadvantages of this method are the very low catchability of traps due to the use of the synthetic sexual attractant indicated above, which is ineffective against males of Rhagades pruni, low selectivity, since males of several species of other Procridinae genera are attracted to baits, the use of this method causes difficulties in determining the beginning of summer and mass departure of the pest, shows low efficiency in catching male pests and studying the seasonal dynamics of its numbers and does not make it possible to establish favorable terms for the use of insecticides in natural and anthropogenic biotopes, which does not allow optimizing pest control.

The conducted patent information search did not reveal ways to attract and capture males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni using a synthetic sexual attractant with the essential features of the proposed method.

The above prior art indicates that when attracting and capturing males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni using synthetic sex attractants, the problem is to achieve high efficiency, high sensitivity and species specificity.

Development of a method for attracting and trapping males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni using a synthetic sexual attractant by selecting the optimal dose of the active substance and using a new preparative form of the attractant in the form of a concentrate of (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, optically active, enantiomerically pure, designated as a synthetic sexual attractant EFETOV-S-S-2, which has increased attracting activity, high sensitivity and species specificity in relation to males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni, allows you to optimize pest control and solve the above problem.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of attracting and catching males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni.

It is proposed, as in the prototype, to use a synthetic sex attractant sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, applied to round rubber dispensers with a hole, placed in adhesive delta traps with replaceable sticky plates.

The claimed method of attracting and trapping males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni has been developed for the first time.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that in a method for attracting and trapping males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni using a synthetic sexual attractant by using sec-butyldodecene-2-oate applied to round rubber dispensers with a hole placed in adhesive delta traps with replaceable sticky plates, according to the invention, as the active ingredient, a synthetic sex attractant concentrate (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate is used at a dose of 50 μl, which is applied to round rubber dispensers with a well with an inner diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm , kept at a temperature of 60°C for 48 hours, then fixed in rectangular cardboard strips 25×70 mm in size and fixed in adhesive delta traps at a height of 4 cm from the adhesive plate.

The causal relationship between the set of essential features and the technical result provided by the invention is as follows: the use of the preparative form of the attractant in the form of a concentrate of synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, optically active and enantiomerically pure, reduced to 50 μl dose, applied once on round rubber dispensers with a hole, can significantly increase the attractiveness of baits and the catchability of traps used to attract and trap males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni, can reliably determine the presence of a species in a biotope even at a low density of its population, and timely signal the beginning of summer and mass flight of males, to study seasonal population dynamics, recommend the most favorable terms for the application of insecticides if necessary (integrated method of control), which generally helps to optimize the control of Rhagades pruni.

The method is as follows.

Synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate is synthesized according to the scheme in three stages: bromination of dodecanoic acid to obtain 2-bromododecanoic acid, esterification of 2-bromododecanoic acid with butanol-2 (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and obtaining an ester of sec-butyl-2-bromododecanoate under acid catalysis, then forming a double bond in the second position in the acid radical of sec-butyl-2-bromododecanoate in the presence of quinoline to obtain sec-butyldodecene-2-oate.

At the second stage of the synthesis, instead of butanol-2, which is an optically inactive racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of alcohol, optically active, enantiomerically pure (S)-(+)-butanol-2 (99%, Sigma- Aldrich, USA). In this case, the final target product of the synthesis is a concentrate of (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, optically active, enantiomerically pure, designated as a synthetic sex attractant EFETOV-S-S-2.

To obtain the bait, the synthesized sexual attractant at a dose of 50 μl is applied once to round rubber dispensers with a hole, for example, on stoppers from penicillin vials with a hole with an inner diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm.

After complete adsorption at a temperature of 60°C for 48 hours, dispensers fixed in rectangular cardboard strips 25×70 mm in size are ready-made baits. If long-term storage is required, rubber stoppers with an attractant can be packaged in foil and placed in a freezer.

The baits are fixed in adhesive transparent plastic delta traps with replaceable sticky plates 10×15 cm in size at a distance of 4 cm from the adhesive surface.

The traps are set in the biotope on a fodder plant or other support at a height of 1 m from the ground. At a distance of at least 10 m, a control trap is placed containing a cardboard rectangular strip with a rubber stopper not impregnated with an attractant.

The claimed method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

Tests of the claimed method aimed at studying the attractive properties of a new synthetic sex attractant in relation to males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni.

Traps with attractive baits were set in biotopes on the branches of plants or shrubs at a height of 1 m from the ground until the beginning of the pest's summer. Attractive baits of two types were used: containing an attractant-prototype - a synthetic sex attractant sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, designated as EFETOV-2, containing the claimed attractant - a synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, designated as EFETOV -S-S-2. In addition, a control trap containing a rubber stopper not impregnated with an attractant was hung out in each biotope. The distance between the traps was at least 10 m. The sticky plates were replaced if they had trapped insects.

Table 1 presents the results of tests that were carried out in 2017 near the village of Luchistoye, near the city of Alushta, the southern coast of Crimea from June 12 to August 2, which make it possible to judge the effectiveness of attractive baits by the total number of captured Rhagades pruni males in traps. The * sign indicates the dates of installation and removal of traps

Table 2 shows the comparative attractiveness of baits with different synthetic sex attractants for Rhagades pruni males according to the results of tests in 2017 in the biotope on Mount Agarmish, near the city of Stary Krym, eastern Crimea from June 11 to July 23.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the use of a new preparative form of the attractant, in which the claimed attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate is used as an active substance, significantly increases the effectiveness of baits in attracting males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni and the catchability of traps. Average catchability values reached 15.47±7.21 males/trap-week.

The species specificity of the claimed attractant in relation to males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni is higher, since in traps with baits containing a prototype synthetic sexual attractant, in addition to males of Rhagades pruni, males of species from other genera Procridinae: Theresimima and Jordanita were found, while in traps with the claimed attractant males Theresimima and Jordanita were absent.

Example 2

Tests were carried out to study the sensitivity of the proposed method in relation to the detection and attraction of male Rhagades pruni in biotopes with low population density.

The tests were carried out in the Central and Eastern Pyrenees, where Rhagades pruni is very rare. The last known find was dated 1980. During the week of June 13-20, 2017, twelve locations were surveyed in the provinces of Barcelona and Lleida in Spain. As baits, we used round rubber dispensers with the already known synthetic sex attractant (2R)-butyl-(7Z)-dodecenoate (Subchev M., Efetov K.A., Toshova T. et al. New sex attractants for species of the zygaenid subfamily Procridinae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) Entomologia Generalis 2010; 32(4): 243-250), as well as round rubber dispensers with the inventive synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oatom. In one biotope in the province of Barcelona in the west of Alpensa, five male Rhagades pruni were attracted to baits with the synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, while baits with the known synthetic sex attractant (2R)-butyl-( 7Z)-dodecenoate did not attract a single specimen of this species.

These results confirmed the high sensitivity of the proposed method for attracting and trapping males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni using the synthetic sex attractant (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, which proves the possibility of its successful application not only for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of the abundance of this species, but and for species detection and detection of low-density populations.

These results indicate that the proposed method of attracting and trapping males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni using the proposed synthetic sexual attractant is characterized by a higher attractiveness of baits, manifested in a larger number of Rhagades pruni males attracted, greater sensitivity and species specificity in comparison with the prototype. This makes it possible to reliably detect the presence of Rhagades pruni in potential biotopes and, if necessary, start the fight against it in a timely manner.

Distinctive features of the proposed method from the known are: a new preparative form of the attractant based on the concentrate (S)-sraop-butyldodecene-2-oate, optically active, enantiomerically pure, and not optically inactive racemic mixture of (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate and (R)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate, as well as a reduced dose of attractant.

The inventive method is characterized by a higher attractiveness, manifested in a larger number of attracted males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni; high sensitivity and species specificity for Rhagades pruni males; lower consumption of attractant; makes it possible to identify Rhagades pruni in the biotope, reliably determine the beginning of summer, mass emergence, pest population dynamics, and establish the most optimal timing for the use of insecticides, provided that an integrated control method is used.

The proposed method for attracting and trapping males of the potential pest Rhagades pruni with the help of a synthetic sexual attractant is highly effective, its organic synthesis is technically simple, so it can be successfully used to control the pest population in natural and anthropogenic biotopes.

Claims (1)

A method for attracting and trapping males of a potential pest Rhagades pruni by using a synthetic sex attractant sec-butyldodecene-2-oate applied to round rubber dispensers with a hole placed in adhesive delta traps with replaceable sticky plates, characterized in that as an active ingredient a synthetic sex attractant concentrate (S)-sec-butyldodecene-2-oate is used at a dose of 50 μl, which is applied to round rubber dispensers with a hole with an inner diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm, kept at a temperature of 60 ° C for 48 hours, then fixed in cardboard rectangular strips 25×70 mm in size and fixed in adhesive delta traps at a height of 4 cm from the adhesive plate.