RU2799943C1 - Oil seed hulling device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and fat industry.

SUBSTANCE: device for hulling oilseeds, including a vertical cylindrical body, inside which there is an annular deck in the form of a truncated cone and a rotary device with radial blades, fixed by a cone distributor with a rotor shaft, a hopper with a movable cone distributor on a vertical bar, and a branch pipe for draining rollers and drive, differs in that on the inner surface of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone, three-square teeth are symmetrically cut and between them there are grooves with an oval base in the body of the deck, while the radial blades are U-shaped, and the rotor device consists of an upper annular disk and the lower solid disk, and between them there are radial U-shaped blades.

EFFECT: increasing the duration of the cycle of operation of the device for hulling oilseeds due to self-cleaning of the grooves in the deck with incoming particles of oilseeds.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment for the oil industry, namely, to centrifugal devices for hulling oilseeds, such as rapeseed, soybeans, and others, and can be used in enterprises to produce vegetable oils.

A device for breaking grape seeds is known (Utility model patent "Device for breaking grape seeds" No. 50534, bull. No. 02, 2006). The device for caving consists of a vertical cylindrical body, inside which an annular deck and a rotary device are installed. The inner surface of the annular deck is made of oval-shaped vertical corrugations. The ring deck in the section is a truncated cone, which contributes to the continuous removal of the collapsed seeds from the collapse zone along the inclined corrugated surface down. The rotor device consists of two discs with radial blades. The rotary device is fixed by a conical distributor with a vertical rotor shaft, which is connected to the drive through a belt drive. In the upper part of the body there is a loading hopper with a conical bottom and with a movable cone distributor fixed on a vertical rod for its movement in a vertical plane. An adjustable annular gap is formed between the edge of the movable cone distributor and the inner wall of the cone bottom of the loading hopper, through which the seeds are evenly fed to the rotary device. In the lower part of the body there is a branch pipe for removing the fluff.

The main disadvantage of the known device is that the inner surface of the annular deck, which is a truncated cone in section, is made of vertical oval-shaped corrugations. Therefore, oilseeds having a spherical shape are flattened when crushed as a result of a direct impact on the surface of the corrugations, which leads to the formation of more fine fractions of both the kernel and the fruit shell. Therefore, it is practically impossible to separate particles of the free fruit shell from the resulting rushanka due to the difference in their linear dimensions or aerodynamic properties. The other part of the achenes, as a result of an oblique impact on the surface of the tops of the oval grooves, slide over them. As a result, a fraction of whole grains and underdrinks is formed, because the kinetic energy of the seeds flying out of the rotary device, with an oblique impact on the oval-shaped corrugation, is not enough to destroy them.

Closest to the claimed device for hulling oilseeds is a centrifugal rush for oilseeds (RF Patent No. 2765827 dated 03.02.2022). Known centrifugal rush for oilseeds consists of a vertical cylindrical body with a hopper. In the latter, a movable cone distributor with a rod in a fixed nut is installed, which allows it to be moved vertically up or down with the help of a steering wheel to quantitatively adjust the flow of incoming seeds. Inside the vertical cylindrical body, a rotary device and a removable annular deck in the form of a truncated cone in a vertical section are installed coaxially. On the inner surface of the deck, symmetrically straight-sided teeth and grooves are cut along its height. The rotor device includes a vertical rotor shaft with two discs, between which there are radial blades that form channels for moving seeds. The lower end of the rotor shaft is connected via a belt drive to the drive. The pipe for removal of collapsed seeds is located in the lower part of the vertical cylindrical body.

The main disadvantage of the known centrifugal grinder for oilseeds is not high enough reliability in operation, due to the geometry of the symmetrical grooves cut on the inner surface of the deck. Since the symmetrical grooves have a rectangular shape in the horizontal section, in the process of collapsing the oilseeds, they are clogged with oilseed dust. In this case, the subsequent impact of the achenes flying out of the rotary device leads to the compaction of the material, i.e. a plug is formed in each groove, since its area in the horizontal section does not change with the depth of the groove. As a result, the grooves of the deck are completely stuck with oil dust, the edges of the equal-sided teeth cease to play the role of cutting surfaces. Ultimately, the quality of the collapsed seeds deteriorates significantly; the content of underdevelopment increases and the content of particles of the free fruit shell decreases, which must be separated at the next stage of preparing the oil material for oil extraction. The more fruit shells in the oilseed material supplied for oil extraction, the lower the content of crude protein in the resulting cake, the lower its nutritional value. At the same time, the amount of related substances that pass from the lipids of the fruit shell during the pressing into the pressed oil increases, primarily such as coloring, phospholipids and others, which significantly further complicate the refining process.

Therefore, in order to eliminate the above disadvantage, an unscheduled stop of the centrifugal rush and a laborious cleaning of the grooves on the inner surface of the deck from compressed oil dust are required.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device for hulling oilseeds by self-cleaning the grooves of the deck from oil dust.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the duration of the cycle of operation of the device for hulling oil seeds due to the self-cleaning of the grooves in the deck with incoming particles of oil seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for hulling oilseeds, including a vertical cylindrical body, inside which there is an annular deck in the form of a truncated cone and a rotor device with radial blades, fixed by a conical distributor with a rotor shaft, a hopper with a movable conical distributor on a vertical rod, as well as a branch pipe for removing the rushanka and a drive, on the inner surface of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone, three faceted teeth and grooves between them with an oval base in the body of the deck, while the radial blades are U-shaped, and the rotor device consists of an upper annular disk and a lower solid disk, between which radial U-shaped blades are located.

Triangular teeth cut symmetrically on the inner surface of the annular deck have two equal sides in horizontal section and a larger base with cutting edges directed towards the rotor device. At the same time, the grooves between the trihedral teeth are made with an oval base in the deck body, which makes it possible to achieve the effect of their self-cleaning. When oilseeds are crushed against the cutting edges of trihedral teeth, oil dust (small particles of oily material) is also formed. When hitting the cutting edge of the teeth, some of the particles of destroyed seeds are removed from the collapse zone, and some enter into the volume of the grooves with a large base in the body of the deck. In the direction of movement of the particles along the length of the groove, the distance between the walls of the trihedral teeth increases. Therefore, in the vertical plane, the cross-sectional area increases along the length of the groove to the oval base in the deck body. Such a set of geometric combinations of grooves between trihedral teeth reduces the resistance to particle flow and leads to a self-cleaning effect. The incoming flow of the compacted material when moving along the length of such a groove increases in volume, i.e. the mass is loosened, a dense plug is not formed, and under the action of the impact of the flow of particles of seeds, oil dust is freely discharged down the groove. Thus, an increase in the free section in the groove with an oval base in the body of the deck in the direction of the impact of the oilseed particle flow allows oil dust to be continuously squeezed out of it.

The proposed combination of technical solutions provides increased reliability in the operation of the device for hulling oilseeds, because there is a continuous self-cleaning of the deck grooves by the flow of particles.

Therefore, the combination of these features in the claims allows you to achieve the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device for hulling oilseeds. In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the type A-A of a device for hulling oilseeds.

The device for hulling oilseeds consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1 with a loading hopper 2, inside of which a movable cone distributor 3 is installed, fixed on a rod 4. The rod 4 is installed in a fixed nut 5, which allows it to be moved in a vertical plane using a steering wheel 6. Inside the vertical cylindrical body 1, on supports 7, a removable ring deck is installed in the form of a truncated cone 8, on the inner surface of which there are symmetrically cut trihedral teeth 9, which in horizontal section represent an isosceles trapezium. Between the trihedral teeth 9, grooves with an oval base 10 are formed in the body of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone 8. The larger base of the trihedral teeth 9 is directed towards the rotor device 11, i.e. towards the flow of incoming seeds. The rotor device 11 is fixed by a conical distributor 12 with the axis of the rotor shaft 13, which is connected through a V-belt transmission to the drive 14. The rotor device 11 consists of the upper annular disk 15 and the lower solid disk 16, and between them there are radial blades 17, having a U - shaped profile, and form channels for moving the seed flow. In the lower part of the vertical cylindrical body 1, a branch pipe 18 is installed for removing the fluff.

Device for hulling oilseeds works as follows. Oilseeds, predominantly having a rounded shape, enter the loading hopper 2 of the vertical cylindrical body 1. The movable cone distributor 3 is set to a predetermined position in height using the steering wheel 6, moving up or down the rod 4 in the fixed nut 5. Next, the incoming seeds move in the annular gap formed between the movable cone distributor 3 and the lower part of the loading hopper 2, and fall onto the rotating cone distributor 12 of the rotary device 11. Seeds fall between the walls of the radial blades 17 U - shaped, compressed by the upper annular disk 15 and the lower solid disk 16. Under the action of the centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the rotary device 11 from the drive 14, the seeds move along the working surface of the radial blades 17 U - shaped and acquire the necessary kinetic energy to destroy the fruit shell. From the rotary device 11, the achenes fly out along the trajectory of absolute speed at a certain angle between the relative and translational speeds and hit the cutting edge of the trihedral teeth 9 of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone 8. In the process of collapsing oil seeds, the grooves with an oval base 10 in the body of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone 8 are filled with oil dust and squeezed out by a stream of seed particles flying out of the rotary device 11 Destroyed seeds are removed through the branch pipe 18 to remove the rushanka for further processing.

Claims (1)

A device for hulling oilseeds, including a vertical cylindrical body, inside of which there is an annular deck in the form of a truncated cone and a rotary device with radial blades, fixed by a conical distributor with a rotor shaft, a hopper with a movable conical distributor on a vertical rod, as well as a branch pipe for removing the fluff and a drive, characterized in that on the inner surface of the annular deck in the form of a truncated cone, trihedral teeth are symmetrically cut and between them there are grooves with an oval base in the body of the deck, while the radial blades are U-shaped, and the rotor device consists of an upper annular disk and a lower solid disk, and between them there are radial U-shaped blades.