RU2799534C1 - Combined sod seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combined sod seeder comprises support-drive and rear wheels located on the frame, a seed box with sowing units and their drive, seed ducts, press rollers, a drive gearbox for seeding units, a milling section having operating elements in the form of disks with tillage knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, seed guides, casing. Whereas a shield-seal is fixed on the bushing installed on the axle from its rear side inside the casing behind the operating elements under the seed guides. The latter is configured for rotation together with the sleeve around the axis and moving together with the axis in the horizontal direction along the slots in the sidewalls of the casing and is made of a metal plate connected in the lower part with an additional plate. The additional plate is made of a rigid material and has a rounding on the outer part of the plate with a radius R=100 mm facing forward with the convex part in the direction of movement of the seeder. The centre of the rounding circle is above the end of the plate, and the corner of the rounding sector directed forward from it in the direction of the seeder movement is 60°. Whereas it is possible to adjust its position in height with the help of a screw and a groove in the additional plate. A torsion spring is installed on the bushing axis configured for adjusting its force on the upper part from the front side in the direction of movement of the metal plate seeder using a screw device.

EFFECT: invention will provide an increased yield of sown grasses by increasing the uniformity of planting grass seeds in the soil in depth and the formation of a compacted bed at the depth of planting seeds.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for sowing seeds of grass in the turf.

Known combined tool for sowing grass seeds in the turf (see A.S. SU No. 1697602, MKI 5 A01B 49/04, 49/06, 15.12.1991, Bull. No. 46), containing mounted on the frame drive milling drums, coulter, elastic deflectors, press roller, left-handed and right-handed knives mounted on the milling drum disk and fixed in pairs by means of a bolted connection. With forward movement, the milling drums, driven by the tractor's PTO, make a groove in the soil, and the soil is discarded by knives both to the right and to the left of the implement. The soil is directed by reflectors into the groove and sprinkles the seeds sown through the coulter, and then is compacted by the packer roller.

The disadvantage of this combined tool is the deviation from agrotechnical requirements for the uniformity of the depth of embedding grass seeds in the soil and, as a result, a decrease in yield.

A combined unit for tillage and sowing is known (see A.S. SU No. 1166683, MKI 4 A01B 49/06, 07/15/1985), containing a milling cutter with guiding wheels, behind which a spring-loaded equalizer shield is hinged, a seeder is installed behind the cutter with a press roller and coulters rigidly fixed to it, which are pivotally connected to the leveling shield. The body of the seeder is pivotally connected by means of a rod, and the rod and the leveling shield, together with the hinges of their attachment to the cutter and the body of the seeder, form a parallelogram linkage mechanism. When the combined implement moves, the cutter copies the soil surface with wheels and mills it, and the leveling shield compacts the soil under spring pressure and forms its surface. The coulters of the seeder form furrows in the soil and place seeds on them, and the roller rolls the furrows, sealing them with soil.

The disadvantage of this combined unit is poor-quality seed placement into the soil in depth.

Known sod seeder combined (see A.S. RU No. 2204890, IPC 7 A01B 49/06, 49/04, A01C 7/20, 27.05.2003, Bull. No. 15), containing a milling section located on the frame, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing units, fertilizer and seed ducts and press rollers. The milling section has soil-cultivating knives and is closed by a casing, in the rear part of which, by means of a hinge, a spring and an adjusting plate, a coulter with a fertilizer and seed distributor is installed. The seed distributor can be displaced in the axial direction relative to the fertilizer distributor through the holes of the adjusting plate. The coulter can be displaced along the holes of the adjusting plate relative to the casing by a predetermined amount, depending on the conditions for sowing seeds.

The disadvantage of this seeder is the discrepancy between the uniformity of planting grass seeds in depth into the soil agrotechnical requirements.

Known combined tool for overseeding grasses in the turf (ac. RU No. 1697602, IPC 7 A01V 49/04, 49/06, 15.12.1991, Bull. No. 46), containing a drive mounted on the frame of the milling drums, a coulter, elastic reflectors, packer roller, left-hand and right-hand knives mounted on the milling drum disk and fixed in pairs by means of a bolted connection. With forward movement, the milling drums, driven by the tractor PTO, make a groove in the soil, and the soil is discarded by knives both to the right and to the left of the implement. The discarded soil is thrown by reflectors into the groove and sprinkles the seeds sown through the coulter, and then is compacted by the packer roller.

The disadvantage of this combined tool is the deviation from agrotechnical requirements for the uniformity of the depth of embedding grass seeds in the soil and, as a result, a decrease in yield.

Known, taken as a prototype, sod seeder combined, containing located on the frame support-drive and rear wheels, a seed box with sowing units and their drive, seed ducts, press rollers, gearbox drive seeding units, a milling section having working elements in the form of disks with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, seed guides, a casing, and inside the casing behind the working elements under the seed guides there is a sealing plate, while the sealing plate is installed with the ability to rotate around the axis and move together with the axis in the horizontal direction along the slots in the sidewalls of the casing, moreover, the sealing shield is made of a metal plate connected at the bottom with an additional plate of elastic material (see patent for invention RU No. 2283566, IPC A01C 7/00; A01B 49/06, publ. 20.09.2006, Bull. No. 26 ).

The disadvantage of the known device is that the seeds are sown in loose soil without the formation of a compacted bed, which does not allow to achieve a high uniformity of their location in depth and the supply of a sufficient amount of nutrients and moisture during seed growth, which reduces the yield.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the yield of sown grasses by increasing the uniformity of planting grass seeds in the soil in depth and the formation of a compacted bed at the depth of seeding.

The task is solved with the help of a combined sod seeder, containing support-drive and rear wheels located on the frame, a seed box with sowing machines and their drive, seed ducts, press rollers, a drive gearbox for seed sowing machines, a milling section having working elements in the form of discs with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, seed guides, a casing, and inside the casing behind the working elements under the seed guides, a shield-seal is mounted on the sleeve installed on the axis from its rear side, while the shield-seal is installed with the possibility of turning together with the sleeve around the axis and moving together with an axis in the horizontal direction along the slots in the sidewalls of the casing, and the shield-seal is made of a metal plate connected in the lower part with an additional plate, where the additional plate is made of a rigid material and has a rounding in the lower part facing the convex part forward in the direction of movement of the seeder the outer part of the plate with a radius R=100 mm, the center of the rounding circle being above the end of the plate, and the corner of the rounding sector directed forward from it in the direction of the seeder movement is 60 degrees, while using a screw and a groove in the additional plate, it is possible to adjust its position along height, and a torsion spring is installed on the axis with the possibility of regulating its force on the upper part from the front side in the direction of movement of the metal plate seeder using a screw device, as a result of which it is possible to implement and regulate the effect on the additional plate deepening into the soil.

Figure 1 shows a sod seeder, side view; figure 2 - milling section side view; figure 3 - shield-seal, side view; figure 4 - the same, view A.

Sod seeder, containing located on the frame 1 support-drive 2 and rear 3 wheels, seed box 4 with sowing units 5 and their drive 6, seed drives 7, press rollers 8, reducer 9 of the drive of seed sowing machines, milling section 10, having working elements in in the form of disks 11 (figure 2), tillage knives 12, a mechanism that regulates the depth of processing, seed guides 13, a casing 14, the sides of which have slots 15, inside the casing 14 is located fixed on the sleeve 20 mounted on the axis 17 from its rear side of the shield-seal 16, behind the working elements under the seed guides 13, with the ability to rotate the shield-seal 16 together with the sleeve 20 around the axis 17 and move together with the axis 17 in the horizontal direction along the slots 15 in the sides of the casing 14, made of a metal plate 18 connected at the bottom with an additional plate 19, which is made of a rigid material and has a rounding on the outer part of the plate with a radius of R=100 mm, with the center of the rounding circle located above the end of the plate, and directed forward from it, in the direction of movement of the seeder, the angle of the rounding sector is 60 degrees. With the help of the screw 21 and the groove 22 in the additional plate 19, it is possible to adjust its position in height. A torsion spring 23 is installed on the axis 17 (see Zapletokhin V.A. Design of parts of mechanical devices. L .: Mashinostroenie, 1990. - p. 283-284) with the ability to control its force on the upper part from the front side in the direction of movement of the metal seeder plate 18 with the help of a screw device 24, as a result of which it is possible to carry out and regulate the effect on the additional plate 19, which penetrates into the soil.

Sod seeder works as follows.

The milling section 10, mounted on the frame 1 of the sod seeder, mechanically processes the sod, intensively crushing it. In the process of grinding, soil particles move under the casing 14 along a known flight path. The shield-seal 16 performs the division of the cultivated soil with knives 12 into two streams, the reflected soil flow changes the flight path and goes to the additional plate 19 of the shield-divider 16 and is compacted by it due to the rounding of its lower part and the pressure from the torsion spring 23. In the same time, the seeds are fed through the seed guides 13 to the sealing flap 16, along which they roll into the leveled and compacted soil prepared for laying the seeds, after which the unreflected soil flow from the sealing flap 16 is reflected from the casing 14, the milling section 10 and, changing the trajectory , covers the sown seeds with soil with a sowing depth that meets agrotechnical requirements. The soil is leveled by casing 14 and compacted by packers 8.

When changing agrotechnical requirements for the depth of planting for different seeds and with different physical and mechanical properties of the soil for the same seeds, adjustments are made to the sealing flap 16:

- to reduce the depth of seeding and light soils, the shield-seal 16 moves along the slots 15 in the sidewalls of the casing 14 in the working direction, corresponding to the direction of movement of the sod seeder, also rotates around the axis of rotation 17 in the direction opposite to the rotation of the working elements, in the form of disks 11 with tillage knives 12;

- to increase the depth of planting seeds and heavy soils, the shield-seal 16 moves along the slots 15 in the sidewalls of the casing 14 in the direction opposite to the working direction of movement of the sod seeder, also rotates around the axis of rotation 17 in the direction corresponding to the rotation of the working elements, in the form of disks 11 with tillage knives 12;

- with the help of screw 21 and groove 22 in the additional plate 19, its height position is adjusted;

- a torsion spring 23 installed on the axis 17 and a screw device 24 regulating its force on the upper part from the front side in the direction of movement of the seeder of the metal plate 18; properties.

The use of a flap-seal 16 in this sod seeder will ensure the embedding of seeds at a depth corresponding to agrotechnical requirements.

Claims (1)

Combined sod seeder, comprising support-drive and rear wheels located on the frame, a seed box with sowing units and their drive, seed ducts, press rollers, a drive gearbox for seeding units, a milling section having working elements in the form of discs with soil-cultivating knives, a depth control mechanism processing, seed guides, casing, moreover, inside the casing behind the working elements under the seed guides, a shield seal is mounted on the sleeve installed on the axis from its rear side, while the shield seal is installed with the ability to rotate together with the sleeve around the axis and move together with the axis in the horizontal direction along the slots in the sidewalls of the casing, and the shield-seal is made of a metal plate connected in the lower part with an additional plate, characterized in that the additional plate is made of a rigid material and has a rounding on the outer part with its convex part facing forward in the direction of movement of the seeder plates with a radius of R=100 mm, the center of the rounding circle being above the end of the plate, and the corner of the rounding sector directed forward from it in the direction of movement of the seeder is 60°, while using a screw and a groove in the additional plate, it is possible to adjust its position in height, and a torsion spring is installed on the bushing axis with the possibility of adjusting its force on the upper part of the metal plate from the front side in the direction of movement of the seeder using a screw device for implementing and regulating the deepening effect into the soil on the additional plate.

Images