RU2798791C1 - Composition of birch growth stimulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: used to stimulate the growth and weight of birch plants. The composition of the birch growth stimulator contains distilled water, a plant growth stimulator and an emulsifier, while multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used as a plant growth stimulator, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate is used as an emulsifier, with the following number of composition components: distilled water - 1 l, multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 1-50 mg, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.

EFFECT: proposed composition of the birch growth stimulator increases its growth rates, as well as wet and dry biomass, consists of cheap components, resulting in a reduction in the cost of the entire composition, and has a high degree of homogenization, which allows it to be used for a long time after preparation.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of forestry and can be used to stimulate the growth and weight of birch plants.

The use of growth stimulants and microfertilizers can significantly affect the growth and development of plants, as well as their resistance to adverse natural conditions, such as drought, salt stress, etc. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials and compositions, which they are included in Currently, it is a promising way to increase the growth and mass parameters of plants.

Known plant growth stimulator (Pat. RF No. 2145165; IPC A01N 37/42, A01N 43/22; publ. 10.02.2000), which can be used to stimulate the growth of root crops, potatoes, legumes, flowering and woody plants, etc. The composition of this stimulant includes jasmonic acid or jasmonate, brassinosteroid and a liquid carrier, while the mass ratio of brassinosteroid to jasmonic acid or jasmonate is in the range of 1:1-1:5000, and the content of jasmonic acid or jasmonate and brassinosteroid is 0.01-500 ppm and 0.001-1 ppm, respectively, based on the total weight of the stimulant formulation. This stimulant can be used in the form of emulsions, suspensions, powders, hydrates, aqueous solutions, granules, pastes, aerosols and shows high efficiency for a wide group of plants.

However, the use of this stimulant involves the use of liquid carriers, such as chlorohydrocarbons or acetates, which are highly toxic compounds that are dangerous to humans and the environment.

A known method of stimulating the growth and development of wheat plants (Pat. RF No. 2748074; IPC A01C 1/06; publ. 05/19/2021), including the treatment of seeds with silica-containing solutions containing, among other things, silicon dioxide nanoparticles; ions of sodium, potassium, sulfate, chlorine, boric acid, carbonic acid; metals - calcium, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc; orthosilicic acid. This composition provides high productivity of wheat seedlings associated with an increase in their height and weight.

The disadvantages of this method are its non-universality (the application involves only the germination of seeds in the process of pre-sowing treatment), as well as the multicomponent solutions for seed treatment, which greatly complicates the process of obtaining and using them.

A method of growing plants using metal nanoparticles and a nutrient medium for its implementation is known (Pat. RF No. 2612319; IPC A01G 31/00, A01G 1/00, A01N 59/16, A01N 59/20, B82Y 5/00; publ. 06.03 .2017), which includes nanoparticles of various metals (iron, zinc, copper or a combination of them), as well as components necessary for plant development - organic substances, including vitamins, carbohydrates and amino acids and / or protein hydrolysates, a chelating agent, inorganic salts, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, iodine, boron, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt.

However, such a nutrient medium has disadvantages, including high cost due to the inclusion of expensive microelements in its composition, the complexity of preparing the nutrient medium, the duration and laboriousness of its stabilization. In addition, this method involves only the germination of seeds, which narrows the scope of its application.

Known liquid composition for stimulating plant growth (Pat. RF No. 2266649; IPC A01N 59/16, A01N 25/30; publ. 27.12.2005), containing water, plant growth stimulator, emulsifier. As a plant growth stimulant, titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 1-1000 ppm are used, and as an emulsifier, a surfactant compound is used, including a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant. active substance. The liquid composition also contains a highly concentrated acid to lower its pH and adjuvants necessary for plant growth. This composition allows you to increase the yield of plants, as well as increase their bactericidal activity against phytopathogens. Taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of such a liquid composition is the rapid sedimentation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. In addition, it contains a highly concentrated acid, which creates additional difficulties in the preparation of the composition, and the use of auxiliary agents necessary for plant growth increases its cost.

The claimed composition of the birch growth stimulator consists mainly of cheap and common components, which predetermines its low cost. The ease of obtaining and the possibility of using this composition in various conditions expands the scope of its application.

The aim of the invention is to develop a birch growth stimulator composition that provides its high growth rates, as well as the increase in wet and dry biomass.

To achieve this goal, in the birch growth stimulant composition containing distilled water, plant growth stimulator, emulsifier, according to the invention, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used as a plant growth stimulator, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an emulsifier, with the following number of composition components: distilled water - 1 l, multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 1-50 mg, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.

The introduction of a plant growth stimulator - multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the composition, makes it possible to increase the percentage of fresh and dry biomass of birch plants due to the intensification of the process of water absorption by them, as well as to effectively influence their growth rates and the amount of carbon absorbed due to a larger number of leaves and their increased assimilation surfaces. The use of an emulsifier in the composition, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous system with a high degree of distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes throughout the volume of the composition.

To obtain stable aqueous solutions, the emulsifier sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was mixed with distilled water and completely dissolved during stirring on a PE-6100 magnetic stirrer for 30 min. with a stirring speed of 2000 rpm, after which MWCNT was added to the aqueous solution to obtain the required concentration (examples 1-3). The resulting mixture was intensively dispersed on a Sonicator Q500 ultrasonic homogenizer for 30 min. at a power of 100 W and an oscillation frequency of 22 kHz to achieve a high degree of distribution of MWCNTs in an aqueous solution.

During the experiment, plants of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) obtained by in vitro clonal micropropagation were used; for each amount of MWCNTs in an aqueous solution, 25 samples (in triplicate) of downy birch and silver birch were used. Birch plants were grown on a soil mixture consisting of neutralized high-moor peat and perlite in a ratio of 3:1, which was watered once and evenly with the claimed composition. The volume of water solution for irrigation was the same for all samples and amounted to 50 ml. Control samples were watered with ordinary distilled water.

Measurements of the morphological parameters of birch plants were carried out after 30 days of their cultivation in a greenhouse. To determine the characteristics of plants treated with the claimed composition and plants not treated with it, measurements were made of the height of the trunk, the diameter of the root neck of the trunk, the number of leaves, the leaf area, as well as the wet and dry plant biomass. To measure the leaf area of birch plants, a CI-202 CID Bio-Science portable laser leaf area meter was used. To obtain dry biomass, leaves, stems, and roots were dried in a KBW 400 oven (E5.1) at 102°C.

Below are examples showing various options for obtaining the claimed composition of the birch growth stimulator. In all described examples, the composition contains distilled water, a plant growth stimulant - multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and an emulsifier - sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

Example 1

The composition contains:

Distilled water - 1 l;

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 1 mg;

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.

In this example, the lowest amount of MWCNTs, 1 mg, is used, which has a stimulating effect on birch plants and avoids negative effects on them. In addition, this amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes provides the largest increase in wet and dry biomass for downy birch plants.

Example 2

The composition contains:

Distilled water - 1 l;

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 10 mg;

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.

The use in this example of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an amount of 10 mg provides the greatest increase in the growth parameters of birch plants (stem height, diameter of the root collar of the trunk and leaf area), as well as wet and dry biomass for birch plants.

Example 3

The composition contains:

Distilled water - 1 l;

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 50 mg;

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.

The use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the amount of 50 mg in the composition makes it possible to provide a significant increase in growth rates, as well as in wet and dry biomass for birch plants in comparison with control samples.

The results of measuring the growth parameters of drooping birch and downy birch plants are presented in tables 1 and 3, and their wet and dry biomass - in tables 2 and 4.

The claimed composition of the birch growth stimulator increases its growth rates, as well as raw and dry biomass, consists of cheap components, resulting in a reduction in the cost of the entire composition, and has a high degree of homogenization due to the use of an emulsifier - sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which allows it to be used for a long time. time after preparation.

Table 1
Growth rates of birch plants after treatment with the claimed composition according to examples 1-3 Index The number of MWCNTs in the claimed composition, mg Control 1 10 50 Barrel height, mm 232.23±29.20 265.73±23.70 265.73±31.20 128.87±18.20 Diameter of the root neck of the trunk, mm 2.66±0.17 3.10±0.22 2.77±0.35 2.53±0.17 Number of leaves, pcs. 15.23±0.89 16.58±1.04 13.51±1.32 12.20±1.10 Leaf area, cm ² 36.21±3.45 37.32±3.79 34.21±3.75 20.65±2.02

table 2
Indicators of raw and dry biomass of silver birch plants after treatment with the claimed composition according to examples 1-3 Index The number of MWCNTs in the claimed
compositions, mg Control 1 10 50 raw biomass,
g/rast. Sheet 3502±517 3817±435 3571±410 2060±321 Stem 3329±515 3391±260 3394±170 2683±296 Root 3495±434 3593±280 3769±164 2422±358 Sum 10326±1032 10801±966 10734±865 7165±574 dry biomass,
g/rast. Sheet 735±100 930±98 906±74 648±120 Stem 414±40 634±38 538±27 368±34 Root 298±38 450±41 438±32 225±47 Sum 1447±165 2014±211 1882±174 1241±148

Table 3
Growth rates of downy birch plants after treatment with the claimed composition according to examples 1-3 Index The number of MWCNTs in the claimed composition, mg Control 1 10 50 Barrel height, mm 158.89±16.30 168.48±14.70 150.93±13.90 115.46±17.50 Diameter of the root neck of the trunk, mm 2.19±0.16 2.33±0.13 2.11±1.14 2.01±0.12 Number of leaves, pcs. 10.37±1.02 10.08±0.89 10.32±0.64 8.07±0.92 Leaf area, cm ² 21.24±2.94 23.84±3.21 22.30±2.74 20.97±1.98

Table 4
Indicators of raw and dry biomass of downy birch plants after treatment with the claimed composition according to examples 1-3 Index The number of MWCNTs in the claimed
compositions, mg Control 1 10 50 Raw biomass, g/plant. Sheet 2470±260 2320±270 2270±275 2099±245 Stem 1510±180 310±60 790±170 720±190 Root 940±134 450±86 960±184 840±211 Sum 4920±387 3080±254 4020±451 3659±254 dry biomass,
g/rast. Sheet 750±68 590±58 520±64 550±63 Stem 290±40 220±38 130±27 130±34 Root 250±38 240±41 206±32 221±27 Sum 1290±115 1050±96 856±78 901±97

Claims (1)

A composition of a birch growth stimulant containing distilled water, a plant growth stimulator, an emulsifier, characterized in that multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used as a plant growth stimulator, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an emulsifier, with the following number of composition components: distilled water - 1 l, multi-walled carbon nanotubes - 1-50 mg, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate - 5000 mg.