RU2797367C1 - Method for production of wet canned grassy pet food using reasil humic feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the production of wet canned grassy animal feed using Reasil^®Humic feed additive. The method includes tamping the ensiled mass and adding humic acid preparations. Reasil^® Humic Health and Reasil^® HumicVet feed additives are used as a source of humic substances, which are obtained from brown coal – leonardite of the Krasnoyarsk deposit. The additive is introduced when the ensiled mass is evenly laid in the amount of 2.5-4.0 kg for a dry formulation or 2-10 liters for a liquid formulation per 1 ton and tamped, distributing the additive throughout its volume. The process of adding the additive is continued until the laying the silage mass is completed. To eliminate the access of oxygen to the slurry mass, tamping and sealing with a covering material are carried out.

EFFECT: improving mixed fodder quality.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for preparing various types of silos.

A known method of forage ensiling (Patent No. 2358437, IPC A23K 1/00, publ. 06/20/2009) including the addition of trace elements and zeolites, characterized in that the bottom of the silage trench is covered with zeolite-like clay, each layer of the harvested mass is poured with an aqueous solution of para-aminobenzoic acid at the rate of 1 -2 kg per ton of ensiled mass dissolved in 100 liters of water.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the low biological activity, as well as the use of expensive para-aminobenzoic acid as a preservative, which increases the cost of the target product. A layer of zeolite-like clay with a thickness of 30-40 cm reduces the capacity of the silo structure of a trench, tower, barrow, any soft package.

A known method of ensiling high-moisture vegetable raw materials (Patent No. 2094001, IPC A23K 3/03, publ. 10/27/1997), which involves grinding the feedstock, laying it in layers in storage, adding sorbent to the ensiled mass, compacting and sealing, characterized in that, in order to increase the safety of the silage, layer-by-layer laying of the ensiled mass is carried out in layers with a thickness of 0.8-1.0 m, the sorbent is introduced into each layer of the ensiled mass, placed in a layer 3-5 cm thick, followed by compaction, and the storage is sealed with an additionally laid compacted layer sorbent, bentonite clay is used as a sorbent.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the low biological activity of bentonite clay (50 g/100 kg of live weight). A layer of bentonite clay 3-4 cm thick can easily collapse under the action of tamping machines. To prevent the entry of air oxygen into the green mass, in addition to tamping, it is necessary to cover and seal with a plastic (polyethylene) film. Bentonite clay will not replace film in terms of throughput. A sufficiently large volume of clay, which must be added to the silage mass, requires additional labor and financial costs.

A known method of preserving the green mass of fodder crops (Patent No. 2488279, IPC A23K 3/02, publ. 07/27/2013), including the introduction of a preservative into the ensiled mass in the form of vermiculite, in an amount of 1-2% of the harvested silage mass, while vermiculite is introduced in layers after 20-25 cm.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the low biological activity (vermiculite is used only as an adsorbent), as well as a fairly large volume and mass of vermiculite introduced into the preserved green mass (10-20 kg per ton). This requires additional labor and financial costs (10-20 kg versus an average of 5 kg Reasil ^® ).

A known method of preserving the green mass of fodder (Patent No. 2442435, IPC A23K3 / 02, publ. 20.02.2012), characterized in that when laying in storage for each ton of weakly dried crushed ensiled mass, 3 kg of tripoli from the Pervomaisky deposit of the Alatyrsky district of the Chuvash Republic are added and 3 liters of acetic acid to release carbon dioxide already at the beginning of laying the silo for the reaction between acetic acid and tripoli.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the need for precise control and time of entry of tripoli and acetic acid in the required concentrations. This entails additional labor and financial costs.

A known method of preserving green fodder (Patent No. 2328139, IPC A23K 3/00, publ. 10.07.2008), mainly cereals, including grinding the feedstock, adding a preservative to it - elemental granulated sulfur, characterized in that elemental sulfur is used as a preservative. granulated sulfur in a crushed state mixed with methionine with a consumption of 1.8-2.2 g and 0.4-0.6 g, respectively, per 1 kg of green fodder mass.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the use of an expensive component for the conservation of green mass - methionine 400-600 g/t. This requires financial costs. In addition, sulfur has low biological activity and can give the feed a specific odor.

A known method of preserving green fodder (Application No. 2000118581, IPC A23K 3/02, publ. 05/27/2003), including the introduction of a preservative into the ensiled mass, characterized in that natural bischofite is used as a preservative, which is added at the rate of 2.77-5 0.0 l per ton of vegetable feed. When ensiling high-sugar crops, the dose of applied preservative is 2.77 liters per ton, and high-protein crops - 5.0 liters per ton.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the low biological activity of bischofite (is a salt of MgCl ₂ ). The absence of adsorption properties in bischofite does not allow to neutralize mycotoxins and chemicals that adversely affect the body of animals.

The technical objective of the proposed method is to ensure ease of use and introduction of the Reasil ^® Humic Health or Reasil ^® HumicVet humic acid preparation into the technological process of feeding cattle, small cattle and other types of farm animals and birds that consume silage.

Ensiling is based on lactic acid fermentation in the presence of sugar in the feed under anoxic conditions. Usually these are cereals. When legumes are used for silage, sugar-containing substances or cereals with a high sugar content are added to them. The sequence of operations for ensiling the green mass of fodder is as follows:

1. Cutting green mass with simultaneous processing (only for Reasil ^® HumicVet liquid formulation).

2. Transportation to the place of storage.

3. Unloading and leveling with simultaneous processing (only for Reasil ^® Humic Health dry formulation).

4. Tampering and compaction of green mass up to a density of 600-750 kg/m ³ .

5. Shelter of green mass with a plastic film to limit the supply of air oxygen and precipitation.

5.1 Packaging of green mass in sleeves (rolls) made of plastic film, to limit the supply of atmospheric oxygen and exposure to precipitation.

In feeding large and small livestock, a significant percentage in the structure of the diet can be occupied by succulent feed - silage. Ensiling green grass, subject to the technology, is accompanied by fairly small losses of nutrients - up to 10 percent or less. This makes it possible to obtain cheaper feed and reduce the cost of production. The level of silage in the structure of the diet can reach 50 percent or more of the nutritional value. Silage is a succulent feed with a moisture content of 60-75%. Silage is mixed with feed additives, which increase the digestibility of the feed.

The feed additive is produced from Leonardite, which is obtained from the brown coal of the Krasnoyarsk deposit. The feed additive is available in two formulations.

^Reasil® Humic Health. Preparative form: brown powder. Humic substances in dry matter: 80-95%, humidity 14% ± 3%.

Reasil ^® HumicVet are salts of high molecular weight humic acids. Preparative form: 10% brown solution.

Humic feed additive for animals and birds from leonardite includes humic components in the form of humic acids and fulvic acids. Humic feed additive contains vitamins, amino acids, macro-, microelements and other biologically active components

Reasil ^® Humic Health feed additive based on humic acids from leonardite is used to feed all types of farm animals and poultry. It is not a chemical or biological preservative. Has no negative effect on living organisms. It is used in the feeding of farm animals and poultry as a biologically active substance of mineral origin with stimulating properties. It is used as an adsorbent, immunostimulant, hepatoprotector due to the properties of humic acids, which it consists of.

Reasil ^® HumicVet is a feed additive based on sodium salts of humic acids from leonardite intended for the nutrition of all types of farm animals and poultry. It is not a chemical or biological preservative. Has no negative effect on living organisms. It is used in the feeding of farm animals and poultry as a biologically active substance of mineral origin with stimulating properties. It can be used as an adsorbent, as an immunostimulant, as a hepatoprotector due to the properties of humic acids, which it consists of.

Feed additives Reasil ^® Humic, when introduced into the diet of animals, can increase live weight during fattening by 4-11%, increase milk productivity by 4-9%, reduce the mortality of young animals by 6-14%.

According to the results of tests of feed additives Reasil ^® Humic Health and Reasil ^® HumicVet in the test center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Leningrad MLV", its maximum sorption capacity for T-2 toxin was 84.0%, for aflatoxin B1 - 100.0%, for zearalenone - 100 0%, for ochratoxin - 97.7%, for fumonisin - 100.0%. At the same time, the sorption capacity of the Reasil ^® Humic Health and Reasil ^® HumicVet feed additives in relation to vitamins B12 and B9 was 0%, that is, the inclusion of the additive guarantees the safety of vitamins in the diet and the gastrointestinal tract.

Approbation of Reasil ^® Humic Health and Reasil ^® HumicVet at the Polish Institute of Veterinary Medicine in Pulawy showed that the sorption of mycotoxins at pH 3.5 was: for aflatoxin B1 - 99.8%, for fumonisin B1 - 97.4%, for fumonisin B2 - 96.7%, - for ochratoxin A - 98.1%, for toxin T2 - 64.5%, for zearalenone - 99.3%.

This beneficial effect is confirmed by the use of a feed additive in the preservation of silage and haylage. According to the results of toxicological analysis in the Federal State Budgetary Institution Saratov MVL, no mycotoxins were found within the sensitivity limits of the test methods.

According to the results of zootechnical analysis of silage samples in the Federal State Budgetary Institution Saratov MVL, the nutritional value of silage with the feed additive Reasil ^® Humic Health or Reasil ^® HumicVet is on average 0.05-0.1 MJ more than silage without additive.

According to the results of the balance experiment on sheep, the digestibility of nutrients (dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extractives, crude fiber) when fed with silage with the Reasil ^® Humic Health or Reasil ^® HumicVet feed additive is on average 2-7% higher than when fed with silage without additive.

Feed additives Reasil^® Humic Health and Reasil^® HumicVet had a positive effect on nitrogen uptake and deposition. The intensity of calcium and phosphorus deposition was higher in the animals that received the feed additive with silage, compared to the animals that did not receive the feed additive.

Feed additives Reasil ^® Humic Health and Reasil ^® HumicVet are used to accelerate growth, increase productivity, reduce disease and mortality in young farm and domestic animals and birds.

The presence of vitamins, macro-, microelements in the humic feed additive from leonardite enriches the diet and helps to prevent deficient states of these elements in the body of animals and birds.

Due to the fact that livestock complexes do not have microdosers and mixers for a small amount of additives, and mono-feed is mixed in mobile feed mixers, it is very difficult to evenly distribute 7.5-40 kg of feed additive in 3-10 tons of feed mixture. Therefore, a more efficient way to use the feed additive is to pre-mix it with silage. This will enable more flexible control over the application of feed additives based on Reasil ^® Humic Health or Reasil ^® HumicVet humic acids. Larger and more productive animals will eat more silage and receive more feed additive that will benefit the animals.

During the leveling and tamping of freshly cut green mass, it is subjected to repeated mixing, which leads to a uniform distribution of the additive in the silage mass.

The claimed method is illustrated by the following figures and tables.

Figure 1. Leveling the brought green mass in the trench.

Figure 2. Tampering of green mass in a trench with a special silo tamper.

Figure 3. Packaging of silage in a sleeve.

Table. 1. The coefficient of digestibility of dietary nutrients in sheep when using a feed additive.

Table 2. Nitrogen balance of the diet in sheep using a feed additive.

Table 3. Mineral metabolism of the diet in sheep when using a feed additive.

Table 4. Coefficient of digestibility of dietary nutrients in broiler chickens when using a feed additive.

Table 5 - Availability of amino acids,%.

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

Prepare a silo pit in accordance with the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Ensiling and haylage of feed." In the process of laying the silo, dry or liquid Reasil ^® Humic is added to it, evenly distributing it throughout the green mass of plants in a trench, barrow, at the rate of 2.5-4.0 kg for a dry formulation or 2-10 liters for a liquid formulation. forms per 1 ton of green mass. Newly brought portions of green mass are leveled to a layer thickness of 5-10 cm and then compacted (Fig.1, Fig. 2).

When storing silage in sleeves, newly brought portions of green mass are unloaded onto the stowing table from the body or in portions using a bucket. Dry or liquid Reasil ^® Humic is added to the green mass and evenly distributed. The loaded mass on the conveyor moves to the rotopress compactor of the pressing rotor. The rotor pushes the feed from the steel tunnel into the plastic bag. At the same time, the silage mass is mixed and pressed and hermetically packed, preventing the ingress of atmospheric oxygen during storage (Fig. 3).

The inclusion of the Reasil ^® Humic Health feed additive in the diet of sheep had a positive effect on the absorption and deposition of nitrogen.

As can be seen from Table 1, feeding Reasil ^® Humic Health had a positive effect on nutrient digestibility. The conducted balance experiment showed that the experimental animals that received the feed additive Reasil ^® Humic Health in the amount of 5 g per kilogram of silage digested dry and organic matter better - 2.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractive substances (NES) of the 3rd experimental group (5 g per 1 kg of silage) prevailed over the control group within 1-2.8%. Animals of the 2nd experimental group (2 g per 1 kg of silage) also had a higher digestibility of all dietary nutrients. For crude protein, this difference was significant. The 3rd experimental group was significantly superior to the control group, with the exception of crude fat. Due to the better digestibility of nutrients, the animals of the 3rd experimental group received more energy and were able to use and pay for feed better.

The results of Table 2 show that the nitrogen balance in all groups is positive. Moreover, more of it was deposited in the animals of the experimental groups. This corresponds to an increase in the productivity of animals in the experimental groups and indicates a positive effect of Reasil ^® Humic Health on the animals' organism. Thanks to the protective and general stimulating properties of the feed additive, animals grow faster.

One of the most important factors in the growth, development and productivity of animals is mineral nutrition - the exchange of calcium and phosphorus in the body, as the most important elements. Table 3 shows that the Reasil ^® Humic Health additive had a positive effect on the use of calcium and phosphorus by the sheep of the experimental groups.

Calcium is one of the most important elements for normal life. The main function of calcium is participation in the construction of bone tissue, which contains about 98% of all calcium in the body and only 1.5-2% of this element is found in soft tissues. It provides a normal level of excitability of nervous and muscular tissues, activates the protective function of organs.

Phosphorus is always located next to calcium, in terms of the intensity and speed of metabolic processes, the number and nature of the compounds formed, it is the most active element in the body, necessary to ensure the normal intrauterine development of animals, as it participates in the laying, differentiation and formation of all organs and tissues. The importance of phosphorus in the process of pregnancy, lactation and body growth is especially great. Phosphorus metabolism in animals is closely related to calcium metabolism, while phosphorus-calcium metabolism is determined not by the ratio of the first and second, but by their absolute content in the diet.

The intensity of calcium and phosphorus deposition was higher in the animals of the third experimental group, which received 5 g of Reasil ^® Humic Health feed additive, and the lowest in the first control group.

Reasil ^® Humic Health has had a positive effect on the use of phosphorus. Its greatest deposition was observed in animals of the third experimental group, which received it in the amount of 5 grams per kilogram of silage.

Reasil ^® Humic had a beneficial effect on poultry feeding. Thus, the coefficient of fiber digestibility in all experimental groups exceeded the control values by 4.92%, respectively (received 1 g per 1 kg of feed), 5.25% (received 1.5 g per 1 kg of feed) and 0.51% (received 2 g per 1 kg of compound feed).

In the 2-experimental group, which received the minimum amount of humic acid supplement 1 g/kg of feed, there was a tendency to improve the digestibility of dry and organic matter, "raw" fat. The coefficients of protein digestibility and BEV practically did not differ from the control values.

The best indicators were chickens of the 3-experimental group, which received 1.5 g of the additive per 1 kg of compound feed with the diet. They digested dry and organic matter by 0.42 and 0.34%, respectively, crude protein by 2.16% and crude fat by 1.23% better than control chickens.

The digestibility of nutrients in the 4-experimental group was higher than in the control, but somewhat inferior to the indicators of the 3-experimental group in terms of protein, "crude" fat and dry matter.

One of the indicators of the quality of the diet is the availability of amino acids, especially essential ones, for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The availability of amino acids in broiler chickens is determined by the difference between amino acids supplied with feed and amino acids excreted with litter. The availability of amino acids as a percentage of those taken is presented in Table 5.

Analyzing the obtained data, it should be noted that the highest availability of amino acids was observed in the 3-experimental group, which received 1.5 g of Reasil ^® Humic Health supplement per 1 kg of compound feed with feed. The difference with control in the availability of critical amino acids such as lysine, methionine, cystine and cysteine was 4.23, 2.98 and 8.15%, respectively. The availability of amino acids in the 2nd and 4th experimental groups practically did not differ from the data of the control group, and for lysine and methionine there was a tendency to a slight increase in these indicators.

Data on digestibility and assimilation of nutrients are quite consistent with the productivity of broilers. The results of weighing the experimental birds showed that the average daily gains in the experimental groups exceeded the control by 1.1, 5.5 and 3.2%, respectively.

The claimed invention is new and industrially applicable, as it can be implemented using known components, provides high quality of the prepared feed and is cost effective.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of wet canned grassy animal feed using the Reasil ^® Humic feed additive, including tamping the ensiled mass and adding humic acid preparations, characterized in that Reasil ^® Humic Health or Reasil ^® HumicVet feed additives obtained from brown coal - leonardite of the Krasnoyarsk field, and the additive is introduced during laying evenly in the amount of 2.5-4.0 kg for a dry formulation or 2-10 liters for a liquid formulation per 1 ton of ensiled mass and tamped, distributing the additive throughout the volume, moreover, the process of adding the additive is carried out until the end of laying the ensiled mass, and to eliminate the access of oxygen to the ensiled mass, it is compacted and sealed with a covering material.

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