RU2806162C1 - Method for production of wet canned grassy pet food using reasil® humic feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: production of dried herbaceous canned animal feed using Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet feed additive. A method for the production of dried herbaceous canned animal feed includes mowing plants, drying them to a moisture content of 45-60%, picking up dried green mass in vehicles for transportation to a storage site. The process of introducing a feed additive is carried out by a combine at the stage of swath selection, which is sprayed with a Reasil® Humic Vet liquid formulation when transferring the green mass of plants to the vehicle or after unloading the dried green mass into the trench before tamping. Or dry formulation of Reasil® Humic Health is added after unloading the dried mass into the trench. The whole process of adding Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet continues until the end of laying of the silage mass. To prevent access of oxygen, the silage mass is tamped to a density of 600-750 kg/m³ and sealed with a covering material.

EFFECT: improved quality of dried canned food.

1 cl, 3 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to methods for preparing various types of haylage.

There is a known method of preserving green feed (Application No. 2168910 IPC A23K 3/02, published 2001.06.20), including the addition of a preservative to the feedstock, characterized in that a neutral anolyte with a pH of 6-7 and an oxidation-reduction potential of +900 is used as a preservative. - +1100 mV, active chlorine content 0.035-0.04% in an amount of 15-20 l per 1 ton of green mass.

The disadvantage of the described technology is its high antimicrobial activity, which can negatively affect the ruminal digestion of ruminants, and low biological activity due to the gradual decrease in the activity of the anolyte. Relatively high doses of anolyte increase the moisture content of green mass by 1.5-2%.

There is a known method for canning the green mass of cereal crops (Application No. 2286677 IPC A23K 3/00, published 2006.11.10), the invention relates to the production of canning green feed, namely wheatgrass and barley. It is proposed to use a mixture of granulated sulfur, powdered bischofite and pumpkin cake as a preservative at the rate of 2 g, 3 g and 70 g, respectively, per 1 kg of initial green mass. The method makes it possible to increase the quality of feed, the content of carotene in haylage by 11-50% (rel.), crude protein - by 27-84%, lactic acid - by 1.2-2.3%, and increase shelf life.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the addition of three different components in different dosages, which requires a lot of attention and additional financial and labor costs for mixing. Sulfur and bischofite, despite their relative cheapness, have low biological activity. The nutritional value of silage is increased by adding 70 kg per ton of pumpkin cake, which can be implemented when canning any green mass, regardless of the species composition.

There is a known method for preserving silage and haylage (Application No. 2267278 MPK A23K 3/02, published 2006.01.10), which includes adding a preservative to the feedstock, and the biologically active feed additive "Pihtex" is used as a preservative in an amount of 0.2-10, 0 l per 1 ton of green mass. The invention makes it possible to increase the shelf life of plant mass and increase the volume of consumed mass.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the high cost of the Pikhtex feed additive, which will affect the cost of the final product.

There is a known method for preparing haylage from grain crops for feeding (Application No. 1692510 IPC A23K 1/00, published on 1991.11.23), the purpose of the invention is to increase the digestibility of haylage and reduce grain losses. Mown plants are crushed to 2.0-5.0 cm, compacted to a density of 450-600 kg/m, and before feeding, the haylage is extruded under a pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa for 20-30 seconds. Feeding extruded haylage to dairy cows increases feed digestibility by 6-12%, reduces the excretion of grain in animal feces by 77-91% and increases animal productivity by 1.0-1.5 kg per head per day.

The disadvantage of the described technology is the high cost of extrusion due to the high energy consumption of the extruder, which will affect the cost of feed and the cost of the final product.

The technical objective of the proposed method is to ensure ease of use and introduction into the technological process of feeding haylage to cattle, small ruminants and other types of farm animals of the humic acid preparation Reasil Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet.

Haylage is food prepared from the dried mass of perennial and annual grasses and preserved under anaerobic conditions using preservatives. Recommended dry matter content is 40-60%.

These are usually legumes. The sequence of operations when silage of green forage is as follows:

1. Mowing green mass.

2. Drying the green mass to a moisture content of 50-60%.

3. Collecting green mass into a windrow using a rake.

4. Selection of the windrow by a combine with simultaneous loading of the crushed mass into the vehicle.

5. During loading, the green mass is sprayed with a liquid formulation of Reasil® HumicVet, followed by transportation to the storage location.

5.1 Or after transportation to the storage location, unloading and leveling is carried out while simultaneously treating with Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet.

6. Compaction and compaction of green mass to a density of 600-750 kg/m ³ .

7. Covering the green mass with plastic film to limit the flow of oxygen and precipitation.

In feeding large and small livestock, a significant percentage of the diet structure can be occupied by canned food - haylage. If the technology is followed, haylage of green grass is accompanied by fairly small losses of nutrients - up to 10 percent or less. This makes it possible to obtain cheaper feed and reduce production costs. The level of haylage in the diet structure can reach 40 percent or more of the nutritional value. Haylage is a feed with a moisture content of 40-60%. Haylage is mixed with feed additives, which increase the digestibility of feed.

Feed additives, such as Reasil® Humic, are made from leonardite, which is obtained from brown coal from the Krasnoyarsk deposit. The feed additive is available in two formulations.

Reasil® Humic Health. Preparative form: brown powder. Humic substances in dry matter: 80-95%, humidity 14%±3%.

Reasil® Humic Vet - salts of high molecular weight humic acids. Preparative form: 10% brown solution.

Humic feed additive for animals made from leonardite includes humic components in the form of humic acids and fulvic acids. Humic feed additive contains vitamins, amino acids, macro- and microelements and other biologically active components.

Reasil® Humic Health feed additive based on humic acids from leonardite is used for feeding all types of farm animals and poultry. Not a chemical or biological preservative. Has no negative effect on living organisms. It is used in feeding farm animals and poultry as a biologically active substance of mineral origin with body-stimulating properties. It is used as an adsorbent, immunostimulant, and hepatoprotector due to the properties of the humic acids that it consists of.

Reasil® Humic Vet feed additive based on sodium salts of humic acids from leonardite is intended for nutrition of all types of farm animals. Not a chemical or biological preservative. Has no negative effect on living organisms. It is used in feeding farm animals and poultry as a biologically active substance of mineral origin with body-stimulating properties. It can be used as an adsorbent, as an immunostimulant, as a hepatoprotector due to the properties of the humic acids that it consists of.

Feed additives Reasil® Humic, when introduced into the diet of animals, can increase the digestibility of feed, which leads to an increase in live weight during fattening by 4-11%, increases milk productivity by 4-9%, and reduces the mortality of young animals by 6-14%.

According to the results of tests of feed additives Reasil® Humic Health and Reasil® Humic Vet in the testing center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Leningrad MLV" its maximum sorption capacity for T-2 toxin was 84.0%, for aflatoxin B1 - 100.0%, for zearalenone - 100.0%, for ochratoxin - 97.7%, for fumonisin - 100.0%. At the same time, the sorption capacity of the feed additives Reasil® Humic Health and Reasil® Humic Vet for vitamins Bi ₂ and B9 was 0%, that is, the inclusion of the additive guarantees the safety of vitamins in the diet and gastrointestinal tract.

Testing of the drug Reasil® Humic Health and Reasil® Humic Vet at the Polish Institute of Veterinary Medicine in Pulawy showed that the sorption of mycotoxins at pH 3.5 was: for aflatoxin B1 - 99.8%, for fumonisin B1 - 97.4%, for fumonisin B2 - 96.7%, - for ochratoxin A - 98.1%, for T2 toxin - 64.5%, for zearalenone - 99.3%.

This beneficial effect is confirmed by the use of a feed additive in the conservation of silage and haylage. According to the results of a toxicological analysis at the Federal State Budgetary Institution Saratov International Aircraft Line, no mycotoxins were found within the sensitivity limits of the test methods.

According to the results of a balance experiment on sheep, the digestibility of nutrients (dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extractives, crude fiber) when feeding haylage with the feed additive Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet is on average 2-7% higher than when feeding haylage without additives.

Feed additives Reasil Humic Health and Reasil Humic Vet had a positive effect on nitrogen absorption and deposition. The intensity of calcium and phosphorus deposition was higher in animals that received a feed additive with haylage compared to animals that did not receive a feed additive.

Haylage with feed additives Reasil® Humic Health and Reasil® Humic Vet is used to accelerate growth, increase productivity, reduce morbidity and mortality of young farm animals, domestic animals and birds.

The presence of vitamins, macro- and microelements in the humic feed additive made from leonardite enriches the diet and helps prevent deficiencies in these elements in the body of animals and birds.

Due to the fact that livestock farms do not have micro-dispensers and mixers for small volumes of additives, and monofeed is mixed in mobile feed mixers, 7.5-40 kg (dry formulation) or liters (liquid formulation) of feed additive is very difficult to distribute evenly distribute in 3-10 tons of feed mixture. Therefore, a more effective way to use a feed additive is to pre-mix it with haylage. This will allow more flexible control over the application of the humic acid-based feed additive Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet. Larger and more productive animals will eat more haylage and receive more feed additive, which will have a beneficial effect on the animal's body.

During leveling and compacting of the wilted green mass, it is subjected to repeated mixing, which leads to an even distribution of the additive in the haylage mass.

The claimed method is illustrated by the following figures and tables.

Figure 1. Roll selection

Figure 2. Leveling the brought haylage in the trench.

Figure 3. Compacting green mass in a trench with a special silage compactor.

Table. 1.Coefficient of digestibility of dietary nutrients in sheep using the feed additive Reasil® Humic Health.

Table 2. Dietary nitrogen balance in sheep using the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive.

Table 3. Dietary mineral metabolism in sheep using the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive.

Table 4. Cost-effectiveness of using the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive when feeding lambs.

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

Prepare the silage pit in accordance with the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences “Silage and haylage of feed”. During the process of laying haylage, dry or liquid Reasil® Humic is added to it, evenly distributing it throughout the entire green mass of plants in a trench, mound, at the rate of 2.5-4.0 kg for a dry formulation or 2-10 liters for a liquid formulation forms for 1 ton of green mass. Newly brought portions of green mass are leveled to a layer thickness of 5-10 cm and then compacted (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The inclusion of Reasil® Humic Health feed additive in the diet of sheep had a positive effect on nitrogen absorption and deposition.

As can be seen from Table 1, feeding Reasil® Humic Health had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients. The balance experiment showed that experimental animals receiving the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive in an amount of 2-5 g per kilogram of haylage better digested dry and organic matter - 2.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractive substances (NFES) of the 3rd experimental group (5 g per 1 kg of haylage) prevailed over the control group within 1-2.8%. Animals of the 2nd experimental group (2 g per 1 kg of haylage) also had a higher digestibility of all nutrients in the diet. For crude protein, this difference was significant. The 3rd experimental group was significantly superior to the control group with the exception of crude fat. Thanks to better digestibility of nutrients, the animals of the 3rd experimental group received more energy and were able to better use and pay for feed.

Table 2 shows the nitrogen balance of sheep using the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive. It can be seen that the nitrogen balance in all groups is positive. Moreover, more of it was deposited in the animals of the experimental groups. This corresponds to an increase in the productivity of animals in the experimental groups and indicates the positive effect of Reasil® Humic Health on the animals’ body. Thanks to the protective and general stimulating properties of the feed additive, animals grow faster.

One of the most important factors in the growth, development and productivity of animals is mineral nutrition - the exchange of calcium and phosphorus in the body, as the most important elements. Table 3 shows that the Reasil® Humic Health supplement had a positive effect on the use of calcium and phosphorus by sheep in the experimental groups.

Calcium is one of the most important elements for normal life. The main function of calcium is to participate in the construction of bone tissue, which contains about 98% of the body’s total calcium and only 1.5-2% of this element is found in soft tissues. It ensures a normal level of excitability of nervous and muscle tissues and activates the protective function of organs.

Next to calcium there is always phosphorus; in terms of the intensity and speed of metabolic processes, the quantity and nature of the compounds formed, it is the most active element in the body, necessary to ensure the normal intrauterine development of animals, since it is involved in the formation, differentiation and formation of all organs and tissues. The importance of phosphorus is especially great in the process of pregnancy, lactation and growth of the body. The metabolism of phosphorus in the body of animals is closely related to the metabolism of calcium, while the phosphorus-calcium metabolism is determined not by the ratio of the first and second, but by their absolute content in the diet.

The intensity of calcium and phosphorus deposition was higher in the body of animals of the third experimental group, which received 5 g of the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive, and the lowest in the first control group.

Reasil®Humic Health had a beneficial effect on phosphorus utilization. Its greatest deposition was observed in animals of the third experimental group, which received it in the amount of 5 grams per kilogram of haylage.

The results of Table 4 show that the average daily weight gain of rams in the experimental group was on average 20 g greater, per month of feeding this will be about 0.6 kg.

Based on the additional weight gain obtained in the rams of the experimental group, we can conclude that the feed additive had a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients.

Based on the calculation results, we can conclude that the additive is cost-effective, since the additional profit per 1 head per month, taking into account costs, amounted to 36 rubles.

With a recommended flock size of 800 heads, the additional profit from selling meat will be 28,800 rubles. per month with a high organoleptic assessment of meat quality and an increased content of essential amino acids.

The claimed invention is new and industrially applicable, since it can be implemented using known components, ensures high quality of the prepared feed and is cost-effective.

Claims (1)

A method for producing wilted grassy canned animal feed using the feed additive Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet, including mowing the plants, wilting them to a moisture content of 45-60%, selecting the wilted green mass of plants into vehicles for transportation to the storage site and adding in the wilted mass of feed additives, while the introduction of feed additives is carried out either using a combine at the stage of selecting a windrow of green mass of plants by spraying the windrow with a liquid solution in the form of a feed additive Reasil® Humic Vet when transferring the windrow to a vehicle or after unloading the wilted green mass into a trench before compacting, or adding dry powder feed additive Reasil® Humic Health after unloading the wilted mass into the trench, while the entire process of adding feed additives Reasil® Humic Health or Reasil® Humic Vet is continued until the end of laying the silage mass, in addition, to eliminate To allow oxygen to reach the silage mass, it is compacted to a density of 600-750 kg/m ³ and sealed with a covering material.