JP4737966B2 - Feed additives and feeds that improve forageability - Google Patents
Feed additives and feeds that improve forageability Download PDFInfo
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- JP4737966B2 JP4737966B2 JP2004291617A JP2004291617A JP4737966B2 JP 4737966 B2 JP4737966 B2 JP 4737966B2 JP 2004291617 A JP2004291617 A JP 2004291617A JP 2004291617 A JP2004291617 A JP 2004291617A JP 4737966 B2 JP4737966 B2 JP 4737966B2
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005075 mammary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、飼料、さらに詳しくは、特に、粗飼料の採食性を向上させ、その摂取量を増やすことにより、牛の生理を活性化し、生産性の向上を図る飼料添加物およびそれを用いる飼料に関する。 The present invention relates to a feed, and more particularly, a feed additive that improves the forageability of a rough feed and increases its intake, thereby activating the physiology of the cow and improving the productivity and feed using the same About.
近年、家畜に濃厚飼料が安易に利用されるなかで、育成期から乳腺や生殖器への脂肪沈着が問題化され、乳牛や肉牛の生産能力を発揮する上で改めて反芻動物としての粗飼料給与の必要性が見直されてきている。特に、子牛から育成期にかけての粗飼料乾物摂取量の増大が、泌乳量の増加や疾病からの回復能力が増大するなど、牛の生産能力に大きく影響することが判明している（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。
したがって、粗飼料の採食性を向上させ、粗飼料摂取量を増やすことにより、家畜の生産性の向上を図ることができると考えられる。
In recent years, as concentrated feed is easily used for livestock, fat deposition in the mammary gland and genital organs has become a problem since the breeding period, and it is necessary to feed roughage as a ruminant again to demonstrate the production capacity of dairy cows and beef cattle. Sex has been reviewed. In particular, it has been found that the increase in dry matter intake from calves to the breeding season has a significant impact on the production capacity of cattle, such as increased milk yield and increased ability to recover from disease (eg, non- Patent Document 1).
Therefore, it is considered that the productivity of livestock can be improved by improving the forageability of the roughage and increasing the intake of the roughage.
また、家畜の生理活性化および生産性の向上についての従来の研究によると、家畜飼料に褐藻やゼオライトを添加することが有効である。
褐藻はヨードを豊富に含有しており、それにより甲状腺ホルモンの生産が促進され、家畜や家禽の全身の細胞を活性化し、各種臓器の機能強化、内分泌器官における各種ホルモンの分泌調整作用および各種栄養物質の代謝促進作用等を生じるものと考えられる。ゼオライトもまた、その優れた吸着能および陽イオン交換能が家畜や家禽の消化器官の機能を増進し、主成分たるケイ酸アルミニウムの制酸作用等から、飼料の添加成分として用いることが提案されている。
例えば、褐藻およびゼオライトの相乗効果を狙って両者を必須成分とする飼料（例えば、特許文献１参照）や、ゼオライトに比し、褐藻を相対的に大量に用い、ビール酵母と併用することにより、特に子牛や子豚に対して優れた性能を発揮する飼料（例えば、特許文献２参照）が提案されている。
In addition, according to conventional research on physiological activation and productivity improvement of livestock, it is effective to add brown algae and zeolite to livestock feed.
Brown algae contain abundant iodine, which promotes the production of thyroid hormones, activates systemic cells in livestock and poultry, strengthens the function of various organs, regulates the secretion of various hormones in endocrine organs, and provides various nutrients. It is considered that the substance promotes metabolism. Zeolite is also proposed to be used as a feed additive due to its excellent adsorption capacity and cation exchange capacity, which enhances the digestive tract function of livestock and poultry and the antacid action of the main component, aluminum silicate. ing.
For example, by using a relatively large amount of brown algae in combination with brewer's yeast as compared to a feed (see, for example, Patent Document 1), both of which are essential components for the synergistic effect of brown algae and zeolite, In particular, feeds that exhibit excellent performance for calves and piglets (for example, see Patent Document 2) have been proposed.
しかしながら、今までに、粗飼料の採食性向上を目的とした飼料添加物および混合飼料類似品は全く見当たらなかった。
本発明は、牛、特に、子牛および乳牛の生産性を向上するために、飼料、特に、粗飼料の採食性を向上させることを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to improve the feedability of feed, particularly roughage, in order to improve the productivity of cows, particularly calves and dairy cows.
本発明者らは、意外にも、従来の褐藻およびゼオライトを必須成分とする飼料に納豆粉末およびクエン酸を配合することにより、該飼料に対する牛の嗜好性が増し、特に粗飼料の採食性に今までにない顕著な効果を奏することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、納豆粉末、クエン酸、褐藻およびゼオライトを必須成分とすることを特徴とする飼料添加物および該添加物を含む飼料を提供するものである。
Surprisingly, the present inventors have increased the palatability of cattle to the feed by adding natto powder and citric acid to the conventional feed containing brown algae and zeolite as essential components, and in particular to the forage of roughage. The inventors have found that the present invention has a remarkable effect that has never been achieved, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides a feed additive characterized by comprising natto powder, citric acid, brown algae and zeolite as essential components, and a feed containing the additive.
本発明によれば、本発明の飼料添加物を添加することにより、褐藻およびゼオライトの有する生理活性効果に加えて、飼料、特に、粗飼料に対する嗜好性が増し、その採食量が増大して、牛、特に、子牛および乳牛の生産能力を相乗的に向上させることができる。 According to the present invention, by adding the feed additive of the present invention, in addition to the physiologically active effects of brown algae and zeolite, the palatability for feed, in particular, rough feed is increased, and the amount of food intake is increased. In particular, the production capacity of calves and dairy cows can be improved synergistically.
本発明において用いられる納豆粉末は、特に限定されるものではなく、一般に入手可能なものであればよいが、例えば、１ｍｍ以下程度の粒度に整粒された納豆粉末で、活性納豆菌数が１ｇ中１０８個以上のものが好ましい。 The natto powder used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is generally available. For example, the natto powder is sized in a particle size of about 1 mm or less, and the active natto bacteria count is 1 g. 10 8 or more of those, is preferred.
本発明において用いられるクエン酸は、特に限定されるものではなく、一般に入手可能なものであればよいが、例えば、クエン酸（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７）を９９．５％以上含む粒状または粉末状のものが好ましく、より好ましくは、匂いがなく強い酸味のあるものがよい。 The citric acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be any generally available one. For example, granular or powder containing 99.5% or more citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) It is preferable to have a strong acidity without smell.
本発明において用いられる褐藻は、種類、産地等、特に限定されるものではなく、褐藻類に属するいずれの褐藻でもよい。一般に、褐藻はよく水洗後、乾燥し、粉砕して粉末として用いられる。取扱い上、あるいは家畜の摂食上等の理由から、２００〜６メッシュ程度の粒度とすることが好ましい。例えば、神協産業株式会社より商標名「アルギット」または「アルガ」で市販されている褐藻を用いることができる。 The brown algae used in the present invention are not particularly limited in terms of type, production area, etc., and may be any brown algae belonging to brown algae. In general, brown algae are often washed with water, dried, pulverized and used as a powder. For reasons such as handling or feeding of livestock, a particle size of about 200 to 6 mesh is preferable. For example, brown algae marketed by Shinkyo Sangyo Co., Ltd. under the trade name “Argit” or “Arga” can be used.
本発明において用いられるゼオライトは、種類、産地等、特に限定されるものではなく、通常、飼料に用いられるものいずれでもよい。ゼオライトもまた、２００〜６メッシュ程度の粒度の粉末とすることが好ましい。 The zeolite used in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of type, production area and the like, and any of those usually used for feed may be used. Zeolite is also preferably a powder having a particle size of about 200 to 6 mesh.
本発明の飼料添加物においては、これらの納豆粉末、クエン酸、褐藻およびゼオライトを混合して用いる。その混合割合は、対象となる牛の種類、用途、年齢等により異なるが、一般に、納豆粉末：クエン酸：褐藻：ゼオライトの重量比が０．１〜５．０：０．１〜７．０：１０〜５０：３０〜９０の範囲、好ましくは、０．１〜２．０：０．１〜５．０：１０〜４０：３０〜８０の範囲、より好ましくは、０．１〜１．０：０．５〜２．０：１０〜３０：５０〜８０の範囲である。 In the feed additive of the present invention, these natto powder, citric acid, brown algae and zeolite are mixed and used. The mixing ratio varies depending on the type of cattle to be used, application, age, etc., but in general, the weight ratio of natto powder: citric acid: brown algae: zeolite is 0.1 to 5.0: 0.1 to 7.0. : 10-50: 30-30, preferably 0.1-2.0: 0.1-5.0: 10-40: 30-80, more preferably 0.1-1. It is the range of 0: 0.5-2.0: 10-30: 50-80.
本発明の飼料添加物はさらに、糖蜜、ビール酵母、プロピオン酸、ビタミン類、カルシウム等の他の成分を適宜、含有していてもよい。好ましくは、ビール酵母およびプロピオン酸を例えば、本発明の飼料添加物に対し、各々、０．５〜５重量％程度の割合で含有していてもよい。 The feed additive of the present invention may further contain other components such as molasses, brewer's yeast, propionic acid, vitamins and calcium as appropriate. Preferably, beer yeast and propionic acid may be contained, for example, in a ratio of about 0.5 to 5% by weight, respectively, with respect to the feed additive of the present invention.
本発明の飼料添加物は、常法に従って製造することができる。例えば、納豆粉末、クエン酸、褐藻粉末およびゼオライト粉末を常法により、所望の割合で混合して粉末状の飼料添加物とすることができ、さらに、常法により造粒して、細粒、顆粒、ペレット等の形態にしてもよい。その他、ゼオライト粉末にクエン酸を吸着させた後、納豆粉末および褐藻粉末と混合することによって製造される混合粉末であってもよい。
粉末状飼料添加物の製造法としては、例えば、攪拌混合等が挙げられる。細粒または顆粒状飼料添加物の製造法としては、例えば、攪拌造粒法、流動層造粒法、押し出し造粒法等が挙げられる。ペレット状飼料添加物の製造法としては、例えば、圧縮造粒法、押し出し造粒法等が挙げられる。
The feed additive of the present invention can be produced according to a conventional method. For example, natto powder, citric acid, brown algae powder and zeolite powder can be mixed at a desired ratio into a powdered feed additive by a conventional method, and further granulated by a conventional method, It may be in the form of granules, pellets and the like. In addition, it may be a mixed powder produced by adsorbing citric acid to zeolite powder and then mixing with natto powder and brown algae powder.
Examples of the method for producing a powdered feed additive include stirring and mixing. Examples of the method for producing a fine or granular feed additive include a stirring granulation method, a fluidized bed granulation method, and an extrusion granulation method. Examples of the method for producing the pelletized feed additive include a compression granulation method and an extrusion granulation method.
本発明の飼料添加物は、牛用の飼料に添加して用いる。該飼料としては、濃厚飼料または粗飼料のいずれであってもよい。
該粗飼料としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ライグラスストロー、バミューダ、チモシー、オーツヘイ、スーダンなどの乾燥牧草およびその牧草サイレージなどが挙げられる。
本発明の飼料添加物の使用量は、対象となる牛の種類、大きさ等にもよるが、一般に、納豆粉末、クエン酸、褐藻およびゼオライトの混合物として、濃厚飼料に対して０．１〜４重量％程度、好ましくは、０．５〜２重量％程度の割合で用いられる。
The feed additive of the present invention is used by being added to cattle feed. The feed may be either concentrated feed or rough feed.
Examples of the roughage include, but are not limited to, dry grass such as ryegrass straw, Bermuda, Timothy, Oat Hay, and Sudan, and grass silage thereof.
The amount of the feed additive of the present invention depends on the type and size of the target cattle, but is generally 0.1 to the concentrated feed as a mixture of natto powder, citric acid, brown algae and zeolite. It is used at a ratio of about 4% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 2% by weight.
本発明の飼料添加物の給餌方法としては、飼料にトップドレッシングとして添加する方法、または飼料とミキシングする方法などが挙げられる。
本発明の飼料添加物の給与時期は、特に限定されないが、子牛の場合、育成期および肥育の前中期が好ましい。また、乳牛の場合、四季を通じていつ給与してもよいが、特に、乾乳期から泌乳前期および夏場に給与すると、各々、泌乳能力および暑熱時において顕著な効果がある。
Examples of the feed additive feeding method of the present invention include a method of adding to the feed as a top dressing, a method of mixing with the feed, and the like.
The feeding time of the feed additive of the present invention is not particularly limited. In the case of dairy cows, they may be fed at any time during the four seasons. In particular, feeding from the dry period to the early lactation period and summer has significant effects on lactation ability and heat, respectively.
次に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in more detail, this invention is not limited to these.
納豆粉末０．４重量部、クエン酸１重量部、褐藻粉末（神協産業株式会社よりアルギットまたはアルガの商品名で市販されている北大西洋産ヒバマタ目褐藻の６０〜１５メッシュ粉末）２０重量部およびゼオライト粉末（６０〜１５メッシュ粉末）７６．５重量部、ビール酵母２重量部およびプロピオン酸０．１重量部を常法に従ってよく混合し、本発明の飼料添加物を得た。 Natto powder 0.4 parts by weight, citric acid 1 part by weight, brown algae powder (60-15 mesh powder of the North Atlantic Amaranthidae brown algae marketed under the trade name of Argit or Arga from Shinkyo Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 20 parts by weight Then, 76.5 parts by weight of zeolite powder (60-15 mesh powder), 2 parts by weight of brewer's yeast and 0.1 part by weight of propionic acid were mixed well according to a conventional method to obtain the feed additive of the present invention.
実施例１の飼料添加物を用い、以下に示す子牛への給与試験を行い、粗飼料の乾物摂取量（ＤＭＩ）および発育増体に対する影響を調べた。
（１）試験場所：北海道立道央畜産試験場
（２）供試牛：ホルスタイン去勢牛１２頭（試験区６頭、対照区６頭）
（３）試験期間：生後７ヶ月齢から１２ヶ月齢までの６ヶ月間
（４）供試飼料：濃厚飼料として、市販の肥育前期用配合飼料を制限給餌し、粗飼料として、ライグラスストローを不断給餌した。試験区には、実施例１の飼料添加物を１日当たり１５０ｇ（７〜１０ヶ月齢）および１００ｇ（１１〜１２ヶ月齢）添加した。
Using the feed additive of Example 1, the following calf feeding test was conducted to examine the effect of roughage on dry matter intake (DMI) and growth gain.
(1) Test site: Hokkaido Doo Livestock Experiment Station (2) Test cattle: 12 Holstein steers (6 test zones, 6 control zones)
(3) Test period: 6 months from 7 months to 12 months of age did. 150 g (7 to 10 months old) and 100 g (11 to 12 months old) of the feed additive of Example 1 were added to the test group per day.
（５）結果：
１．粗飼料採食量
表１に示すように、粗飼料採食量累計は、試験区が対照区よりも多かった。月齢が増す毎に濃厚飼料が増給されたのに対し粗飼料採食量は減少したが、後半、試験区は対照区のそれより２倍の粗飼料採食能を示した。すなわち、濃厚飼料採食量が試験区と対照区で試験期間を通し同一であるとういう状況下（すなわち、同一の給与条件下）（表２）において、本発明の飼料添加物を添加することによって粗飼料採食能が２倍に向上した。
(5) Results:
1. Forage consumption As shown in Table 1, the total amount of forage intake was higher in the test plot than in the control plot. As the age of the moon increased, the concentrate was increased while the amount of forage consumed decreased, but in the second half, the test group showed twice the amount of forage foraging compared to the control group. That is, by adding the feed additive of the present invention under the situation that the concentrated feed intake is the same in the test group and the control group throughout the test period (that is, under the same feeding conditions) (Table 2). The roughage foraging ability was improved twice.
２．胃汁ｐＨ
表３に示すように、試験区の胃汁ｐＨは、開始時点では低かったが、１２ヶ月齢時点では反芻動物に最適な範囲に安定した。
2. Gastric juice pH
As shown in Table 3, the gastric juice pH in the test group was low at the start, but stabilized in the optimum range for ruminants at the age of 12 months.
３．胃汁揮発性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）
表４に示すように、胃汁ＶＦＡの酢酸モル比は、終始、試験区が対照区より高く安定していた。酢酸発酵が旺盛なことが窺えた。
3. Gastric juice volatile fatty acid (VFA)
As shown in Table 4, the acetic acid molar ratio of gastric juice VFA was stable from the test group to the control group throughout. The acetic acid fermentation was very active.
４．甲状腺ホルモン量
表５および表６に示すように、甲状腺ホルモン（Ｔ３、Ｔ４）は、試験区が対照区より開始時点では低かったが、１２ヶ月齢時点では、対照区が開始時より低下したのに対し、試験区では上昇した。本発明の飼料の添加により、代謝を掌る甲状腺ホルモンが活性化したことが示された。
4). Thyroid hormone levels As shown in Tables 5 and 6, thyroid hormones (T3, T4) were lower in the test plot at the start than the control plot, but at 12 months of age, the control plot was lower than at the start. On the other hand, it increased in the test area. It was shown that the thyroid hormone responsible for metabolism was activated by the addition of the feed of the present invention.
６．発育増体
発育増体の結果を表７に示す。育成期の発育においては、体重だけでなく、体高、体長、胸囲、腹囲、骨格の形成に重要な腰角幅、かん幅、座骨幅が将来の繁殖成績や泌乳能力および肉質・肉量に影響することは周知の事実である。これら全ての項目において、試験区の発育が対照区に勝ったことは、粗飼料のＤＭＩ向上と併せて、本発明の飼料の育成期からの使用が大きく貢献したものと考えられる。
また、試験区は対照区よりも牛個体の発育のバラツキが少なく、発育が斉一であった（図１および図２）ことも本発明の飼料給与による効果と考えられる。
6). Growth Growth The results of growth gain are shown in Table 7. In the growth period, not only body weight but also body height, body length, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip width, cane width, and sciatic width, which are important for skeletal formation, will affect future reproductive performance, lactation ability, meat quality and meat volume. It is a well-known fact to do. In all of these items, the fact that the growth of the test plots was superior to the control plots is considered to have contributed greatly to the use of the feed of the present invention from the growing season, together with the improvement of DMI of the rough feed.
In addition, it is also considered that the effect of the feed feeding of the present invention is that the test group had less variation in the growth of the individual cattle than the control group and the growth was uniform (FIGS. 1 and 2).
以上の結果から、本発明の飼料添加物を加えると、粗飼料摂取量が増大し、牛の生理活性および発育にも効果的であることがわかった。 From the above results, it was found that when the feed additive of the present invention was added, the amount of forage intake increased, and it was effective for the physiological activity and growth of cattle.
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