RU2796708C1 - Vibroactive rock breaking tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining; construction.

SUBSTANCE: device can be used as a cutting tool on tunnelling shields with rotary actuators when driving tunnels in conditions of Cambrian clays with inclusions of harder rocks. A vibroactive rock cutting tool, in the body of which a bore is made in the form of a cylinder, a body gasket is installed in it, which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, made of a vibration-absorbing material. The plain bearing in the form of a ring is installed inside the bore on top of the gasket of the body, in which the stop is fixed, which includes a cylindrical part, which is located in the plain bearing, and shoulders that protrude from the bore. The stop is fixed and capable of reciprocating movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing, the shoulders and the stop gasket are fixed in the body through a reinforced detachable connection, the plate is rigidly fixed in the centre of the lower part of the stop, the oscillation generator is fixed on it with a detachable connection. Stop springs are installed inside the bore. A tool holder is rigidly fixed on the upper part of the stop, on the axis of which a cutter is installed. The lower part of the deflecting spring is fixed on the stop, and the upper part is fixed on the cutter, on which the cutter is mounted and fixed by the cutter axis adapted for rotation in the cutter plane, the cutter axis is installed in the cutter bearings and the axle is closed from the ends with caps.

EFFECT: increased life of the cutting tool, increased productivity of rock breaking.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and construction, the device can be used as a cutting tool on tunneling shields with rotary actuators when driving tunnels in conditions of Cambrian clays with inclusions of harder rocks. The vibroactive rock cutting tool contains an oscillation generator, a cone mounted on a deviating cutter, a spring-loaded stop with a cutter attachment with a cone fixed on it.

Known is the executive body of a tunneling machine (USSR author's certificate No. 467180, publ. 04/15/1975), including an oscillation generator, a hydraulic pneumatic booster, elastic elements, an annular clip, a casing, springs, a cutting crown.

The disadvantages are the location of the annular clip, due to which concentrated stresses appear on the annular clip, which reduces the overall bit life, the location of the vibrators not on the cone rotation axis can cause the bit to jam, there are high losses due to the long path of impact energy transfer: through a large number elements in different planes.

Known is the executive body of a tunneling machine (USSR author's certificate No. 489860, publ. 01/29/1976), equipped with a hollow crown with core cutters, strikers, annular anvil, splitter, spring-loaded rods.

The disadvantages of the design are the geometric dimensions of the core cutters, due to which the splitter does not work if it is impossible to further supply the cutting tool, and the fully compressed position of the springs in the extreme right position is also a disadvantage, this leads to the rapid destruction of the springs due to the impact on the compressed springs.

Known is the executive body of a tunneling machine (USSR author's certificate No. 579417 publ. 05.11.77), which includes a generator of mechanical vibrations, a universal joint, a conical cage, a crown with cutters, a drive shaft.

The disadvantage of this invention is the location of the cardan coupling on the vector of axial loads of a percussive nature, which causes a decrease in the service life of the crown motion drive.

Known is the executive body of a tunneling machine (USSR author's certificate No. 1087661 publ. 23.04.84), which includes a hollow cutting crown, a generator of mechanical vibrations in the form of a planetary gear with unbalanced masses, a vibration damper.

The disadvantages of this design are the large dimensions of the oscillator due to the need for large unbalanced masses, as well as multiple energy conversion through gears, the complexity of mounting planetary gears and high requirements for the accuracy of their installation, which leads to overall design complexity.

A device for loosening soils is known (USSR author's certificate No. 644911 publ. 11.10.76), which includes a rotor with beaters and a rotor with cutters, the cutters are fixed on spring-loaded rods hinged to the rotor.

The disadvantages of the device are the large dimensions of the structure, which leads to a low maximum frequency of impacts.

A vibroactive executive body is known (patent RU No. 2701764, publ. 10/01/2019) adopted as a prototype, including an oscillation generator, an elastic element, a casing, springs, a cone, a U-shaped pusher.

The disadvantages are the location of the vibrator in the combine body, which causes the transmission of vibrations to other nodes, which leads to a decrease in the resource of the entire machine. The plates, due to their shape, thickness and the nature of the load they perceive, cannot provide sufficient fixation of the cutter in the groove; the cutter may fall out of the groove during intensive work on hard rocks. The cutter blade angle is large, which can lead to jamming when working on rocks of a certain viscosity.

The technical result is to increase the resource of the cutting tool, increase the productivity of rock breaking.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the bore is made in the body in the form of a cylinder, a body gasket is installed in it, which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, made of vibration-absorbing material, a plain bearing in the form of a ring is installed inside the bore on top of the gasket of the body, in which a stop is fixed, which includes a cylindrical part, which is located in the plain bearing, and shoulders that protrude from the bore, while the stop is fixed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing, the shoulders and the stop gasket are fixed in the body through a reinforced detachable connection, the plate is rigidly fixed in the center of the lower part of the stop, the oscillation generator is fixed on it by a detachable connection, the stop springs are installed inside the bore, while its lower end is fixed at the bottom, and the upper end is fixed on the bottom of the stop, on the upper part of the stop a tool holder is rigidly fixed, on the axis of which a cutter is installed, with the possibility of rotation, the cutting part is made integral with the cutter, the lower part of the deflecting spring is fixed on the stop, and the upper part is on the cutter, on which the cutter is installed and fixed by the cutter axis with the possibility of rotation in the cutter plane, the cutter axis is installed in the cutter bearings, and from the ends axle is covered.

The vibroactive cutter is illustrated by the following figures:

fig. 1 - side view, working tool - cone,

fig. 2 - side view, working tool - cutter,

fig. 3 - front view, tool holder device,

fig. 4 - front view, cone device,

fig. 5 - top view, where

1 - body;

2 - tool holder;

3 - cutter;

4 - cutting part;

5 - cone;

6 - axis;

7 - deflecting spring;

8 - emphasis;

9 - plain bearing;

10 - reinforced detachable connection;

11 – oscillation generator;

12 - stop spring;

13 - plastic;

14 - detachable connection;

15 - cover;

16 – cone axis;

17 - cone bearing;

18 - body gasket;

19 - stop gasket;

20 - boring;

21 - shoulders.

The device includes a housing 1 (Fig. 1-3), in which a bore 20 (Fig. 1, 2) is made in the form of a cylinder. In the bore 20 there is a body gasket 18, which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, made of a vibration-absorbing material. The plain bearing 9 is made in the form of a ring and is installed inside the bore 20 on top of the housing gasket 18. The stop 8 is fixed in the plain bearing 9 with the possibility of reciprocating motion in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing. Stop 8 consists of a cylindrical part, which is located in a plain bearing 9 and shoulders 21, which protrude from the bore 20. Shoulders 21 and the stop gasket 19 are fixed in the body 1 using a reinforced detachable connection 10. The plate 13 is rigidly fixed in the center of the bottom part of the stop 8 The oscillation generator 11 is fixed on the plate 13 by a detachable connection 14. The stop springs 12 are installed inside the bore 20, the lower end is fixed at the bottom, and the upper end is fixed at the bottom of the stop 8. The tool holder 2 is rigidly fixed on the upper part of the stop 8. In the tool holder 2 on the axis 6 the cutter 3 is installed, with the possibility of rotation around the axis 6. The cutting part 4 is made integral with the cutter 3. The lower part of the deflecting spring 7 is fixed on the stop 8, the upper part is fixed on the cutter 3. The roller cutter 5 is installed on the cutter 3 and is fixed by the axis of the cutter 16 with the possibility rotation in the plane of the cutter. The cone axis 16 is installed in the cone bearings 17, from the ends the cone axis 16 is closed with caps 15.

The vibroactive cutter works as follows, when the brittle soft dehydrated massif is destroyed by the executive body of the combine, the cutter 3 operates in the normal mode, destroys the massif, removing chips with the help of the cutting part 2 with a thickness of less than 0.8 cutter overhang. When hard rock cutter 3 hits the cutting line, cutter 3, located in the tool holder 2, deviates in the direction opposite to the rotation of the executive body, rotates around axis 6, while the deflecting spring 7 is compressed, the increased force from the impact of the cutter and spring is neutralized by pressure against stop 8 The rotation of the cutter 3 around the axis 6 allows the cutter 5 to move up relative to the body 1, thereby the cutter 5 begins to interact with the array. The cutter 5 rotates on the axis of the cutter 16, fixed in the bearings of the cutter 17, the cover of the cutter 15 prevents the axis of the cutter 16 from shifting. stop 12 returns stop 8 to its original position. During the rotation of the executive body, the destruction of the array in this case will be carried out by cutter 4 through impact, rolling friction, interaction of the cutter protrusions with the array. The plate 13 and the reinforced detachable connection 10 prevent the stop 8 from extending out of the bore 20, the fastening takes place by the shoulders 21. The body gasket 18 and the body gasket 19 prevent the transmission of vibrations to other mechanisms of the combine.

An increase in the resource of the cutting tool is achieved by a combination of a cone and a cutter, an increase in the productivity of rock breaking is achieved by using an oscillation generator.

Claims (1)

Vibroactive rock cutting tool, including a cone, an oscillation generator, springs, characterized in that the body has a bore in the form of a cylinder; on the gasket of the housing, in which the stop is fixed, which includes a cylindrical part, which is located in the plain bearing, and shoulders that protrude from the bore, while the stop is fixed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing, the shoulders and the stop gasket are fixed in housing through a reinforced detachable connection, the plate is rigidly fixed in the center of the lower part of the stop, the oscillation generator is fixed on it with a detachable connection, the stop springs are installed inside the bore, while the lower end of each of them is fixed at the bottom, and the upper end - on the lower part of the stop, on the upper part of the stop, the tool holder is rigidly fixed, on the axis of which the cutter is installed, with the possibility of rotation, the cutting part is made integral with the cutter, the lower part of the deflecting spring is fixed on the stop, and the upper part is on the cutter, on which the cutter is installed and fixed by the cutter axis with the possibility of rotation in plane of the cutter, the axis of the cutter is mounted in the bearings of the cutter, and the ends of the axis are closed with caps.

Images