RU2237148C2 - Method and device for drilling wells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling.

SUBSTANCE: method includes rotating drilling column by a drive mounted at the surface, periodic lifting of the column, and its impact interaction with the well through drill bits and diamond tools. When the column lifts, the elements of the tool move in the radial direction thus spalling rock. The device has housing rigidly connected to the column and drill bits and diamond tool made of several members provided with working part and stem. The members are set in the housing for permitting rocking in radial direction.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rock drilling and can be used in the operation of mines and quarries for drilling blast holes in rocks of soft and medium strength.

A known method of cone drilling of blast holes that implements the principle of destruction of the face due to the pressing of weapons. From an energy point of view, this impact on the face is not optimal.

Known shock-rotational method of drilling blastholes, which also implements the principle of destruction of the face due to the dynamic indentation of a blade or pin crown. The constant rotation of the drilling tool with the application of axial load adversely affects the wear of its working part.

Known shock-rotary method of drilling blastholes, which, similarly to the rotational-shock method, implements the principle of destruction of the bottom due to the dynamic indentation of the armament of the drill bit, however, it rotates without applying axial load and removing the weight of the drill aftermath, which has a positive effect on the wear of the drilling tool [ 1].

Known vibration hammer, comprising a housing connected to the drill string, a rock cutting tool with a threaded shank, on which the main and additional nuts are placed, interacting with the housing through a splined connection, and with a shank through a thread, springs and hammer [2]. In this device, the rotation of the drill string is converted into shock pulses transmitted to the rock cutting tool. However, obtaining high impact energies sufficient for efficient drilling in this structure is problematic.

The closest in technical essence and the result to the claimed method and device is a submersible drilling vibrator, comprising a housing with cams rigidly connected to the drill stand, a conical holder with rollers and a rock cutting tool [1]. This device converts the rotational energy of the drill string into its axial movement and impact interaction with the rock cutting tool. The entire mass of the drill string and the applied axial force are involved in the formation of the shock pulse, therefore, it is possible to obtain high impact energy sufficient for the effective destruction of rocks.

However, it is possible to more efficiently use the power supplied to rotate the drill head to destroy the rock less energy intensive than indentation by a process, namely chipping or cutting.

Thus, the problem solved by the invention can be formulated as increasing the efficiency of rock destruction at the bottom of the well.

The technical result obtained by using the invention is that a certain part of the destruction of the rock at the bottom is carried out by the most economical process from the point of view of energy, cutting or chipping.

The specified technical result is obtained due to the fact that in the known method of drilling wells, including the rotation of the drill stand mounted on the surface of the drive, the periodic rise of the stand and its impact interaction through the rock cutting tool with the bottom of the well, in the process of lifting the drill string, the elements of the rock cutting tool radially move along the bottom of the well with the destruction of the rock chipping.

The specified technical result is also obtained due to the fact that in the known device for drilling wells containing a housing rigidly connected to the drill stand and a rock cutting tool, the rock cutting tool is made in the form of several elements having a working part and a shank installed in the housing with the possibility of swinging in the radial direction by placing the shanks of the elements of the rock cutting tool in the profile pairs of the body.

The inventive method is characterized by the following set of working operations:

- rotation of the drill stand mounted on the surface of the drive;

- periodic lifting of the drill string with the simultaneous radial movement of rock cutting elements along the bottom of the well with its destruction by chipping;

- shock interaction of rock cutting elements with the bottom of the well under the action of the mass of the entire drill string and the elastic energy accumulated in it.

The inventive method is not possible to implement using known drilling devices and tools, therefore, a new device is proposed that implements the inventive method.

The device is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device in a static position on the bottom of the well; figure 2 - the same in the position of the maximum lift of the drill stand; figure 3 is a section along aa of figure 1; figure 4 is a section along bb In figure 2; figure 5 is a section along G-D of figure 1.

A device for drilling wells includes a housing 1 mounted rotatably in a tubular guide having upper 2 and lower 3 parts. The upper part 4 of the casing is threaded for connection with a drill stand (not shown in the drawing), and in the lower part 5 of the casing 1 there is a recess 6 having longitudinal side walls 7. The lower 3 and upper 2 parts of the guide are interconnected by a threaded connection. The rock-breaking tool of the device is made in the form of several elements 8 having a working part 9 and a shank 10. The elements 8 are equipped with a semi-cylindrical support 11 associated with a similar cavity 12 made in the shank 10. The elements 8 are installed in the radial grooves 14 of the cover 13 of the lower part 3 of the guide with the possibility of swinging relative to the axes 15 and are fixed from falling out of it when the stoppers are inoperative 16. The shanks 10 of the elements 8 of the rock cutting tool are installed in the recess 6 of the lower part 5 of the housing 1 and They are in constant contact with the profile side walls 7 of the recess 6. In the cover 13, a hole 17 is made for central purging of the destructible bottom of the well. In the housing 1 there is a central channel 18 for the passage of compressed air.

The inventive device operates as follows. When an axial load is applied to the drill stand and its rotation, the working part 9 of the elements 8 of the rock cutting tool crashes into the bottom of the well, while the upper 2 and lower 3 parts of the tubular guide are stopped, and the housing 1 continues to rotate. Since the shanks 10 of the elements 8 are in constant contact with the profile side walls 7 of the recess 6, when the housing 1 rotates, the shanks 10 radially move, and therefore, the rock cutting tool elements 8 and their working parts 9 also radially move in the opposite direction, rotating around axis 15. If the rocks are relatively soft, the teeth of the working part 9 are embedded in the rock and make its chipping. In this case, the rise of the drill string is minimal or completely absent, and shock interaction does not occur. In the case of drilling relatively strong rocks, when rock does not chipping the working part of the tool, the rotation of the elements 8 is accompanied by the lifting of the device and the drill stand. With the approach of the shanks 10 to a sharp change in the profile of the side wall 7, the elements 8 instantly return to their original position, the resistance to rotation of the tubular guide is removed, the elements of the device 8 rotate by a certain angle, the rock is chipped and the rock-cutting tool then impacts under the action of the mass of the drill stand and its elastic forces. The energy of impact interaction is accompanied by the introduction of the working part 9 of the elements 8, chipping of the rock and the subsequent locking of the tubular guide. Next, the cycle repeats.

Sources of information

1. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 235671, E 21 C 3/28, publ. 01/24/1969, stated. 06/12/67.

2. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 378617, E 21 B 5/00, decl. 07/21/71. publ. 04/18/73.

Claims (2)

1. A method of drilling wells, including the rotation of the drill stand mounted on the surface of the drive, the periodic rise of the stand and its impact interaction through the rock cutting tool with the bottom of the hole, characterized in that during the lifting of the drill stand, the elements of the rock cutting tool make a radial movement along the bottom of the well with rock destruction spalling. 2. A device for drilling wells, comprising a housing rigidly connected to the drill stand and a rock cutting tool, characterized in that the rock cutting tool is made in the form of several elements having a working part and a shank installed in the housing with the ability to swing in the radial direction by placing shanks of the rock cutting tool elements in profile grooves of the case.

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