RU2796384C9 - Quail feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to a method of feeding poultry. The method of feeding quails includes using the main compound feed to feed, 1% of weight of which is replaced with beech flour. At the same time, beech flour is fed during the period of days 1 to 28, and during the period of the 29^th to the 42^nd day, quails receive the main balanced feed.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase meat productivity and economic efficiency of poultry rearing by increasing live weight, reducing feed costs for its growth, the cost of the products obtained and increasing profits.

1 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method of feeding poultry.

Foreign sources of literature indicate the extensive use of lignocellulose fibers as a source of fiber in animal and poultry feeding. The results of the use of natural fiber concentrate Arbocel®, created by JRS (J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co. KG, Germany), are known, it is proved that the use of 0.8% of this drug in feed for broilers helps to reduce feed conversion, improve protein digestibility and amino acids in roosters, a decrease in the percentage of infertility, an increase in egg production and hatchability in laying hens (Functional fibers in poultry feeding. Pietsch D.M., Akmaliev T. Ptitseprom. 2015. No. 3 (27). P. 84-86.), ( Insoluble crude fiber concentrates: a new approach to health issues in poultry nutrition Dr. Manfred Pietsch, J. Rettenmaier & Sohne GmbH + Co. KG., Farm news - No. 6 - 2019 - C. 38 -41), (Lignocellulose improves protein and amino acid digestibility in males and egg hatchability in broiler parent stock / Mohamad T. Farran, Harut A. Akilian, Ali M. Hamoud, George W. Barbour and Imad P. Saud // Poultry Science 54 : 197-204, 2017).

It is known to use 1-2% lignocellulose on top of the main feed in feeding broiler chickens of the OptiCell preparation produced by Agromed GMBH (Austria), which contributed to an increase in live weight, stomach weight and a decrease in feed conversion, reduced the number of bacteria of the Clostridium species, improved the quality of the litter (reduced moisture) ( Inclusion of large particles and the addition of lignocellulose-rich fiber to benefit feed performance and health of broiler chickens / Sarbast K. Keravi, Robert A. Sweek, Mingan Choct and Shu-Biao By / 2017 Poultry Science 96: 3272-3281).

The addition of treated lignocellulose containing 90% low temperature treated lignocellulose (base diet was supplemented with 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/t feed lignocellulose) in broiler diets has been proven to have a positive effect on growth performance (Growth performance, stomach pH value , activity of liver enzymes, immunological parameters, intestinal histomorphology and microflora of the cecum of broilers fed diets with the addition of treated lignocellulose / A. Sozku //2019 Poultry Science 98: 6880-6887).

The use of the studied foreign schemes for the use of lignocellulose in feeding broiler chickens and laying hens is unacceptable for poultry in Russia, since different types of poultry, conditions of keeping and feeding, a completely different composition of feed.

There is experience of using beech flour in the diets of quails as part of compound feed, as well as in the form of replacing part of the compound feed with beech flour during the growing period of 1-42 days (Efficiency of feeding beech flour to quails / S.A. Shpynova, O.A. Yadrishchenskaya, T V. Selina, E. A. Basova // Poultry and poultry products, 2021, No. 4, pp. 29-31). The disadvantage of using beech flour as part of the diet structure is an increase in the cost of 1 ton of compound feed, replacing part of it with beech flour in the period of 1-42 days led to a decrease in live weight, quail muscle mass and slaughter yield of gutted carcasses, an increase in feed costs per 1 kg of growth and the cost of the product received.

The technical result of the invention is the development of a method for feeding quails, which makes it possible to increase meat productivity and the economic efficiency of poultry rearing by increasing live weight, reducing feed costs for its growth, the cost of the products obtained and increasing profits.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that feeding quails in the period of 1-28 days includes feeding the main feed, 1% by weight of which is replaced with beech flour, and from 29 to 42 days the quails receive the main balanced feed without beech flour.

The proposed method of feeding using beech flour according to the provided scheme allows to increase livestock viability, live weight due to better absorption of nutrients, profit due to increased muscle mass and slaughter yield, as well as to reduce feed costs for live weight gain and the cost of 1 kg of meat.

Approbation was carried out in the Siberian Research Institute of Poultry Farming on quails of the meat direction of the Radonezh breed from one day to 42 days of age. At the age of one day, 5 experimental groups of quails (1 control and 4 experimental) were completed according to the experimental scheme presented in Table 1.

Technological parameters (front of feeding, watering, temperature and humidity conditions, light) were the same for all groups. The control and experimental groups were fed with loose feed. The nutritional value of all diets during the experiment was calculated by a computer program, taking into account the actual nutritional value of the feed raw materials included in the compound feed recipe.

For the experiment, beech flour was used in terms of chemical composition containing: crude protein - 0.79%, calcium - 0.26%, phosphorus - 0.16%, sodium - 0.10%, crude ash - 0.54%, crude fiber - 56.88%, crude fat - 0.56%.

Quail feeding was divided into 2 periods: the first (starting) 1-28 days, the second (finish) - 29-42 days (Table 2).

Feeding feature:

- quails of the control group received a complete feed balanced in terms of basic nutrients and energy for the entire growing period;

- quails of the 1st experimental group received from the age of one day to 42 days the main compound feed 1% by weight of which was replaced by beech flour, which led to a decrease in the content of all components: wheat - by 0.32-0.58%; soybean meal - by 0.25-0.13%; full-fat soybeans - by 0.25-0.15%; sunflower meal - by 0.08-0.05%; vegetable oil - by 0.05%; monocalcium phosphate - by 0.01%; premix - by 0.02%. and as a consequence to a decrease in nutritional value: metabolic energy - by 2.95-3.10%; crude protein - by 0.25-0.19%, linoleic acid - by 0.05-0.04%; calcium - by 0.01%;

- quails of the 2nd experimental group were fed with the main compound feed, 1% by weight of which was replaced with beech flour from daily to 28 days of age, this led to a decrease in the content of all components: wheat - by 0.32%; soybean meal - by 0.25%; full-fat soybeans - by 0.25%; sunflower meal - by 0.08%; vegetable oil - by 0.05%; monocalcium phosphate - by 0.01%; premix - by 0.02%. and as a consequence to a decrease in nutritional value: metabolic energy - by 2.95%; crude protein - by 0.25%, linoleic acid - by 0.05%; calcium - by 0.01%, then from 29 to 42 days of age the main diet was fed;

- quails of the 3rd experimental group received the main compound feed from 1 day to 14 days of age, from 15 to 42 days of age they were fed the main compound feed 1% by weight of which was replaced with beech flour, which led to a decrease in the content of all components: wheat - by 0 .32-0.58%; soybean meal - by 0.25-0.13%; full-fat soybeans - by 0.25-0.15%; sunflower meal - by 0.08-0.05%; vegetable oil - by 0.05%; monocalcium phosphate - by 0.01%; premix - by 0.02%. and as a consequence to a decrease in nutritional value: metabolic energy - by 2.95-3.10%; crude protein - by 0.25-0.19%, linoleic acid - by 0.05-0.04%; calcium - by 0.01%.

- quails of the 4th experimental group received the main compound feed from 24 hours to 28 days of age, from 29 to 42 days of age they were fed the main compound feed, 1% by weight of which was replaced with beech flour, this led to a decrease in the content of all components: wheat - by 0.58%; soybean meal - by 0.13%; full-fat soybeans - by 0.15%; sunflower meal - by 0.05%; vegetable oil - by 0.05%; monocalcium phosphate - by 0.01%; premix - by 0.02%. and as a consequence to a decrease in nutritional value: metabolic energy - by 3.10%; crude protein - by 0.19%, linoleic acid - by 0.04%; calcium - by 0.01%.

By reducing the share of expensive feed components, the cost of 1 ton of feed, 1% by weight of which was replaced by beech flour, on average decreased by 0.42-0.96% during the quail growing period (Table 3).

The main indicators of growing quails up to 42 days of age are presented in table 4.

When replacing 1% of compound feed with beech flour in the period of 1-28 days in the 2nd group, the live weight of females and males of quails at 42 days of age was more than the control by 6.32 and 3.85%, the 1st experimental group - by 6 47 and 3.89%, the 3rd experimental - by 5.73 and 4.31%, the 4th experimental - by 6.10 and 4.10%. A similar situation was observed for the average daily increase.

Beech flour contains lignocellulose, which is a complex of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Non-fermentable fiber, when swelled, presses on the intestinal wall, creating a feeling of satiety, thereby reducing feed conversion. In the 2nd experimental group, the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain is less than the control by 6.62%, the 1st experimental group - by 3.28%, the 3rd experimental group - by 4.42%, the 4th experimental group - by 5.54%.

According to the results of the control slaughter, it was found that the use of compound feed 1% by weight of which was replaced by beech flour in the period of 1-28 days for quails of the 2nd experimental group contributed to an increase in slaughter yield compared to the control by 2.80%, from the 1st - by 0.70%, from the 3rd - by 0.80%, from the 4th - by 0.7% due to inedible parts of the carcass, mostly the mass of the intestine. At the same time, the total mass of muscle tissue of quails of the 2nd experimental group is more than the control by 3.33%, the 1st experimental - by 2.15%, the 3rd experimental - by 2.29%, the 4th experimental - by 2, 22%. It was also found that the replacement of compound feed with beech flour in the period of 1-28 days in the 2nd experimental group had a positive effect on the formation of pectoral and leg muscles: more control and experimental groups: chest by 3.74-5.35%, femoral - by 3.33-8.77%, shins - by 2.01-4.11%.

The combination of fermentable and non-fermentable fiber contained in beech flour improved the digestive process and had a probiotic effect on the intestinal microflora. This was confirmed by the best assimilation of nutrients from the mixed feeds of the experimental groups. The best results were noted in the 2nd experimental group, which is higher in comparison with the control, 1, 3 and 4 groups of crude protein digestibility by 0.56-1.79%, crude fat - by 0.54-1.46% , crude ash - by 0.16-1.95%, crude fiber - by 0.40-4.23%. To a greater extent, the use of beech flour had an impact on the availability of feed fiber. It should be noted that the positive effect of beech flour when used from one day to 28 days of age has a prolonged character.

The economic indicators of growing quails using beech flour are presented in table 5.

The highest meat yield and proceeds from its sale were noted in the 2nd experimental group, which received beech flour in compound feed for the period of 1-28 days. - more than the control one by 10.21%, the 1st experimental one - by 7.30%, the 3rd experimental one - by 8.34%, the 4th experimental one - by 7.21%. As a result, the cost of 1 kg of meat obtained in the 2nd experimental group is less than the control by 10.73%, the 1st experimental - by 3.02%, the 3rd experimental - by 4.36%, the 4th experimental - by 5.86%.

The proposed method of feeding quails will increase the viability of livestock, live weight due to better absorption of nutrients, profit by increasing muscle mass and slaughter yield, as well as reduce feed costs for live weight gain and the cost of 1 kg of meat.

Claims (1)

A method for feeding quails, including feeding the main feed, 1% by weight of which is replaced with beech flour, characterized in that beech flour was fed in the period of 1-28 days, and in the period of 29 to 42 days, quails receive the main balanced feed.