RU2793136C2 - Synergic combinations of insecticides - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: synergistic combination of insecticides contains from 0.5 to 90% by weight of an insecticide selected from flonicamid, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, from 1 to 5% by weight denatonium benzoate as an aversive agent and agrochemically acceptable auxiliary ingredients up to 100% by weight. The synergistic combination of insecticides is used in a method for controlling dangerous plant pests by applying an insect pest to the site of infection.

EFFECT: proposed synergistic combination of insecticides does not cause resistance in insect pests, is highly effective in the destruction of insect pests, and provides an increase in crop yields.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a synergistic combination of insecticides. In particular, the present invention provides an insecticide combination comprising an aversive agent and at least one insecticide that is useful for controlling dangerous plant pests. The present invention also provides a method for controlling dangerous plant pests using said composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Protecting crops and their products from damage by pests is essential to improve the quality of agricultural products. Chemical control through the application of various chemicals and formulations is an important tool in agriculture for pest prevention and control. Insecticides of many types and groups are present in the literature, and a large number of them are used commercially for pest control in agriculture.

Sucking pests pose a rather serious danger from the seedling stage, and severe infestation by them sometimes significantly reduces crop yields. Losses from sucking pests are estimated to be up to 21.20% (Dhawan et al., 1988). Among pests that feed on plant sap, jumping insects, commonly known as leafhoppers, are one of the most common groups of plant-eating insects worldwide.

Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are wedge-shaped insects that move diagonally and suck cell sap by piercing plant tissue with piercing mouthparts. In the process of sucking out cell sap, they introduce toxins into the body of the plant, which leads to yellowing and curling of the leaves, falling off of flowers and fruits. They secrete a sticky substance similar to honeydew that forms sooty mold on leaves and affects photosynthesis, growth, and ultimately crop yields. [Reference: Sathe, T.V., Nilam Shendage, and Chandni Kamble. "Biodiversity of Jassids from agroecosystems of Kolhapur district, India." Int. Nat. J.Sci. Environ, and Tech 3.3 (2014): 1053-1058.]

Conventional insecticides have been recommended to control leafhoppers in plants.

The Insecticide Resistance Prevention Committee (IRAC) classifies various insecticides according to their mechanism of action. [Reference: Sparks, Thomas C, and RalfNauen. "IRAC: Mode of action classification and insecticide resistance management. "Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 121 (2015): 122-128.]

N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (common name: Flonicamid) is used as the active ingredient in a pesticide to control leafhoppers. Flonicamid is a chordotonal organ modulator in group 29 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC).

Competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators are another class of insecticides assigned to IRAC group 4. The main target for such insecticides are insects that feed on plant sap. In Crossthwaite et. al described competitive modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) along with their mechanism of action. [Reference: Crossthwaite, Andrew J., et al. "The invertebrate pharmacology of insecticides acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors." Journal of Pesticide Science 42.3 (2017): 67-83.]

However, the insecticides currently used in this document to control leafhoppers are not as effective, and due to their long-term indiscriminate and unwise use, leafhoppers have developed resistance to such commonly used insecticides. In this regard, the use of insecticides for the prevention and control of leafhoppers is becoming increasingly difficult. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new methods and formulations to control these dangerous pests. A powerful synergistic composition of insecticides will be useful in controlling insect pests to achieve the desired higher yield of crops and in controlling those insects that are difficult to eradicate using only existing commercial insecticides and cyclic spray mixtures.

It is known to use denatonium compounds, in particular denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide, as aversive agents. See US Pat. Nos. 3,080,327; 3,268,577; 4,661,504;

Denatonium benzoate, also known as phenylmethyl-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]diethylammonium benzoate, CAS number 3734-33-6. Formula: C ₂₈ H ₃₄ N ₂ O ₃ , molecular weight: 446.58 g/mol.

Denatonium benzoate is marketed under the name BITREX® and is manufactured by Macfarlan Smith, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Bitrex is a quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of a cationic quaternary ammonium salt with an inert anion such as a benzoate ion or a saccharin anion. Having the following structure:

denatonium benzoate is listed in the Guinness Book of Records and the Merck Handbook as "the most bitter substance known to man." Denatonium benzoate can be detected by the average person at a concentration of 10 ppb and has a recognized bitter taste at 50 ppb (Anon. 1989). The usual range of application is 6-50 ppm, depending on the nature of the product to which it is added. Bitrex chemically resembles naturally occurring bitter substances such as quinine, having a molecular structure with individually charged elements that act on taste buds. However, clinical trials have proven that this drug is extremely safe for humans.

Denatonium benzoate is commonly used as a bittering agent (or aversive agent) to prevent the ingestion of toxic substances. For example, it is added to technical alcohol, paint, toilet cleaners, liquid soaps and shampoos to prevent poisoning in humans and animals. Also, for example, it can be used in a dilute solution to treat the nails of people who compulsively bite their nails, or the thumbs of children who suck their thumbs more than they should. Denatonium benzoate is also used as an animal repellant, for example, to repel cats, dogs, and birds, to prevent cannibalism in pigs, to prevent horses from chewing their stalls, deer from chewing on tree shoots, and hedgehogs from eating slug pellets ( Payne 1988).

US 6,399,109 B1 describes an insecticide liquid solution containing 5% to 20% aqueous disodium octaborate tetrahydrate ("DOT") as insecticide, a color pigment, and a bittering agent consisting of sucrose octaacetate or denatonium benzoate. This solution, containing sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, kills fungi that cause wood decay, as well as wood-destroying insects such as termites, beetles and wood-boring ants.

WO 94/22299 A1 describes a solid insecticide composition comprising a mixture of two active ingredients having insecticidal activity in combination with an insect-attracting bait substance, characterized in that the first active ingredient is an insect growth regulator active against the larval stages of an insect, and the second active ingredient is a direct-acting toxicant having a knockdown effect and a lethal effect in the adult stages of the insect, wherein the insect-attracting bait substance is attractive to both adult and larval stages of the insect, the first active ingredient having insecticidal activity is pyriproxyfen, and the second active ingredient having insecticidal activity is a pyrethroid or an organophosphorus compound.

Therefore, there has long been a need to develop new and effective combinations of insecticides for the control of dangerous plant pests that demonstrate high efficiency, selectivity, environmental safety and the possibility of an advantageous formulation. To date, there have been no reports of the use of aversive agents such as denatonium benzoate in insecticidal combinations to increase the effectiveness of an insecticidal formulation against dangerous pests. The present inventors have unexpectedly developed an effective combination of insecticides that overcomes the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is to provide a new and effective combination of insecticides, showing high efficiency and high selectivity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective combination of insecticides for the control of dangerous plant pests.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new effective combination of insecticides that can be easily formulated.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticide combination that is environmentally friendly.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling dangerous plant pests.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an aspect of the present invention, a combination of insecticides containing an aversive agent is provided.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an insecticide combination comprising:

i) an aversive agent and

ii) at least one insecticide.

In another aspect of the present invention, an insecticide composition is provided comprising:

i) aversive agent;

ii) at least one insecticide, and

iii) agrochemically acceptable excipients.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling plant pests, the method comprising applying to a site of infestation an insecticide combination comprising an aversive agent and at least one insecticide.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GRAPHICS

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of some embodiments of the present invention will be better understood from the description below, together with the accompanying drawings, where:

On FIG. 1 is a photograph of a damaged okra leaf infested with leafhoppers.

On FIG. 2 shows photographs of the effects of treatment with combinations of the present invention using okra as an example:

(a) T-1 Denatonium benzoate + Ulala at 5+0.4 ml

(b) T-4 Ulala at 0.4 g/liter of water

(c) T-2 Denatonium benzoate + thiamethoxam at 5+0.5 ml

(d) T-5 Thiamethoxam at 0.4 g

(e) T-3 Denatonium benzoate + imidacloprid. at 5+0.5 ml

(f) T-9 Raw control

(g) T-7 Denatonium benzoate at 4 ml/liter of water

(h) T-8 Denatonium benzoate at 5 ml/liter of water

(i) T-9 Raw control

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, is provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the exemplary embodiments of the invention. It includes various specific details to aid understanding, but these should be considered as examples only.

Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and constructions are omitted.

The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to bibliographical meanings, but are used by the inventor only to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the invention. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is provided for purposes of illustration only, and not for purposes of limiting the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

It is to be understood that singular forms include plural entities unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of features of other embodiments.

It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used in the present description is considered to define the presence of the specified features, steps or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, components or groups thereof.

The term "plants" in the context of this document refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, seedlings, roots, tubers, stems, shoots, foliage and fruits.

The term "insects" in the context of this document includes all organisms of the class "Insecta".

The term leafhoppers in the context of this document refers to sucking pests from the family Cicadellidae (Jassidae).

The term "insecticidal" as used herein refers to the ability of a pesticide to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of insects.

The term "site" in the context of this document refers to the place where the combination according to the invention is applied. It includes application to a single plant, a group of plants, such as a plant and/or its environment, and an area in which plants can be planted, as well as application directly to and/or near the location of the insect or insects.

The term "agriculturally acceptable amount of active substance" refers to the amount of active substance that kills or inhibits the disease of the plant to be overcome, in an amount that is not substantially toxic to the plant being treated.

The term "by weight" (percent by weight) in the context of this document, unless otherwise indicated, refers to the relative weight of the respective component based on the total weight of the composition.

By "control" or "control" of insects is meant the inhibition, through a toxic effect, of the ability of insect pests to survive, grow, feed and/or reproduce, or to limit the damage or loss caused by insects to crops. "Fighting" insects may or may not mean the destruction of insects, although it preferably means the destruction of insects.

The term "aversive agents" in the context of this document refers to a class of compounds that induce material rejection by exhibiting unpleasant protective cues such as flavor, texture, or other flavor characteristics (and sometimes an associated odour). There are two main classes of aversive agents: bitters, chemicals that produce a bitter taste, and caustics, chemicals that produce an unpleasant pungent taste and aroma.

The term "chordotonal organ modulator" in the context of this document refers to a class of insecticides assigned to the Insecticide Resistance Prevention Committee (IRAC) group 29, which destroys the chordotonal organs (i.e., stretch receptors) of insects, thereby preventing movement, hearing and balance, forcing the insect to stop feeding.

The term "competitive modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)" in the context of this document refers to another class of insecticides assigned to group 4 of the IRAC. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel consisting of 5 protein subunits located around a central cation-selective pore. Insecticides mediate their effect through interaction with nAChRs.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an insecticide composition comprising an aversive agent for controlling insect growth.

The present invention relates to a novel and effective insecticide combination comprising:

i) an aversive agent and

ii) at least one insecticide.

The present inventors have surprisingly found that the addition of an aversive agent to at least one insecticide results in an unexpected increase in efficacy and an unexpected reduction in plant disease and improved pest control compared to the efficacy observed with insecticides alone. It has been observed that the aversive agent, which is traditionally used as a bittering agent and otherwise does not show any insecticidal effect, surprisingly increases the effectiveness of the insecticide combination and exhibits synergism. The effectiveness of insecticides is increased after the addition of an aversive agent. It has been found to be more effective in killing leafhoppers (sucking pests) compared to using insecticides alone.

In one embodiment, the composition contains a denatonium compound as an aversive agent, wherein the denatonium compound is typically present in the composition at a concentration in the range of 0.01 to 50% w/v, preferably 0.01 to 20% w/v. , more preferably in the range from 0.01 to 10% wt./about., including 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% and 9% wt./about.

In one embodiment, the aversive agent is used in an amount of about 1 to 5% w/w, based on the total weight of the composition.

In one embodiment, the denatonium compound is selected from the group consisting of denatonium chloride, denatonium citrate, denatonium saccharide, denatonium carbonate, denatonium acetate, denatonium benzoate, denatonium benzoate monohydrate, and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the preferred aversive agent is denatonium benzoate.

In one embodiment, the insecticides are selected from chordotonal organ modulators, competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators; acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-dependent chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) - site I, allosteric modulators of glutamate-dependent chloride channels (GluCl), juvenile hormone mimics, various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors , modulators of TRPV channels of chordotonal organs, growth inhibitors of ticks that act on CHS1, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient, blockers of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channels, inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, CHS1 inhibitors, type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, dipteran moulting disruptors, ecdysone receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, transport inhibitors mitochondrial complex IV electrons, mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators, allosteric modulators of GABA-dependent chloride channels, and compounds of unknown mechanism of action, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the amount of insecticide used in the present invention may be the recommended dose of each insecticide used in the agricultural industry.

In one embodiment, the total amount of insecticide is used in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 90% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight.

In one embodiment, the chordotonal organ modulator insecticide is flonicamid.

In one embodiment of the invention, the flonicamid used is a 50% wet granulation (WG) flonicamid and can be used in an amount of 150 to 200 g/ha.

In one embodiment, competitive modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are selected from neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoximines, butenolides, mesoionic compounds, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the agrochemical composition contains a neonicotinoid insecticide.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is imidacloprid.

In one embodiment, the neonicotinoid insecticide is a 17.8% imidacloprid solution and can be used at 100 to 125 ml/ha.

In one embodiment, the neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.

In one embodiment, the thiamethoxam used is thiamethoxam 25% WG and can be used at 100 g/ha.

In one embodiment, the sulfoximines are sulfoxaflor.

In one embodiment, the butenolides are flupyradifuron.

In one embodiment, the mesoionic compounds are triflumesopyrim.

In one embodiment, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are selected from alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxym, butoxycarboxym, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiophencarb, fenobucarb, formtanate, furatiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarboxy, propyrimicarb, oximocarbamyl , thiodicarb, thiophanox, triazamate, trimetacarb, CMS, xylylcarb, acephate, azamethifos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, chlormethon-8-methyl /DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfotone, EPN, ethion, etoprofos, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fostiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion , mevinphos, monocrotophos, naleda, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phentoate, phorate, fosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pyrimiphos-methyl, profenophos, propetamphos, prothiophos, pyraklophos, pyridasafethione, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupyrimphos , temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothione.

In one embodiment, GABA-dependent chloride channel blockers are selected from chlordane, endosulfan, ethiprol, and fipronil.

In one embodiment, sodium channel modulators are selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans-allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, cyclopentenyl isomer of bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin , gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, tetacypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyfenotrin, (1R)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin, empentrin (EZ)-(1R)-isomers], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropatrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, cadetrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], pralletrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R) )-isomer], tralometrine, transfluthrin, DDT and methoxychlor.

In one embodiment, allosteric modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) - site I are selected from spintoram, spinosad.

In one embodiment, allosteric modulators of the glutamate-dependent chloride channel (GluCl) are selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, milbemectin.

In one embodiment, the juvenile hormone mimics are selected from the group consisting of hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen.

In one embodiment, the non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors are selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride), sulfuryl fluoride, borax, boric acid, sodium octaborate, sodium borate, sodium metaborate, potassium antimonyl tartrate, dazomet, and metham.

In one embodiment, the chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators are selected from pymetrozine, pyrifluquinasone, afidopyropene.

In one embodiment, the tick growth inhibitors acting on CHS1 are selected from clofentezine, diflovidazine, hexythiazox, and ethoxazole.

In one embodiment, the insect midgut microbial disruptors are selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis B.t. crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 and Bacillus sphaericus.

In one embodiment, the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors are selected from diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargit, and tetradifon.

In one embodiment, the uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient are selected from chlorfenapyr DNOC sulfuramide.

In one embodiment, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers are selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, sodium thiosultap.

In one embodiment, inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis act on CHS1.

In one embodiment, the CHS1 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis are selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

In one embodiment, the inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, is buprofezin.

In one embodiment, the dipteran moult destroyer is cyromazine.

In one embodiment, the ecdysone receptor agonists are chromafenoside, halofenoside, methoxyfenoside, tebufenoside.

In one embodiment, the octopamine receptor agonists are amitraz.

In one embodiment, the mitochondrial complex III electron transfer inhibitors are selected from hydramethylnon, acechinocil, fluacripyrim, and biphenazate.

In one embodiment, the mitochondrial complex I 21 electron transfer inhibitors are selected from phenazakine, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, rotenone tebufenpyrad (Derris), and tolfenpyrad.

In one embodiment, voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are selected from indoxacarb, metaflumizone.

In one embodiment, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors are selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat.

In one embodiment, the mitochondrial complex IV electron transfer inhibitors are selected from aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide.

In one embodiment, the mitochondrial complex II electron transfer inhibitors are selected from cyenopyrafen, cyflumethophen, and piflubumide.

In one embodiment, the ryanodine receptor modulators are selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyananiprole, and flubendiamide.

In one embodiment, allosteric modulators of GABA-dependent chloride channels are selected from broflanilide and fluxamethamide.

In one embodiment, compounds with an unknown mechanism of action are selected from azadirachtin, benzoximate, bromyropilate, quinomethionate, dicofol, lime sulfide, pyridalil, and sulfur.

According to the present invention, the present invention provides an insecticide combination comprising an aversive agent and at least one insecticide.

The present composition contains denatonium benzoate as an aversive agent.

The present composition contains an insecticide selected from the group consisting of chordotonal organ modulators, competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators; acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-dependent chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) - site I, allosteric modulators of glutamate-dependent chloride channels (GluCl), juvenile hormone mimics, various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors , chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors acting on CHS1, microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via proton gradient disruption, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, CHS1 inhibitors, type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, Diptera moulting disruptors, ecdysone receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, transport inhibitors mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators, allosteric modulators of GABA-dependent chloride channels, and compounds of unknown mechanism of action, or combinations thereof.

The present composition contains a combination of an aversive agent and at least one insecticide and an agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Aversive agent is used in an amount in the range from 0.01 to 50% wt./mass.

The insecticide is used in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 99% wt./mass.

The present composition contains denatonium benzoate as an aversive agent and the insecticide is selected from a chordonal organ modulator type insecticide or a neonicotinoid insecticide.

The present composition includes denatomium benzoate and at least one insecticide selected from flonicamid, imidacloprid, or thiamethoxam.

In one embodiment, the insecticide combination comprises denatonium benzoate and flonicamid.

In another embodiment, the insecticide combination comprises denatonium benzoate and thiamethoxam.

In one embodiment, the insecticide combination comprises denatonium benzoate and imidacloprid.

Combinations of the present invention may be formulated in the form of a composition.

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein contain agrochemically acceptable excipients.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient includes wetting agents, dispersing agents, emulsifiers, binding agents, adhesives, fillers, diluents, solvents, coating agents, stabilizers, chelating agents, coloring agents, and a buffering agent. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional agrochemically acceptable excipients may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. The agrochemically acceptable excipient may range from 0.1% to 99% of the total weight of the composition.

The amount of composition according to the invention to be applied will depend on various factors such as the subject to be treated, such as, for example, plant, soil or seed; the type of treatment, such as, for example, spraying, dusting or seedbed treatment; the purpose of the treatment, such as, for example, prophylaxis or therapeutic control of a disease; in the case of disease control, the type of fungus to be controlled or the time of application. This number of combinations of the present invention to be used can be easily determined by a skilled agronomist.

In one embodiment, the combination of the present invention may be formulated as a liquid solution.

In one embodiment, the combination of the present invention may be a suspension formulation.

The combination of the present invention can be formulated in a manner that suits a particular application. The composition may be solid or liquid compositions. Non-limiting examples of suitable liquid formulations may be emulsion concentrates (EC), suspension concentrates (SC), capsule suspensions (CS); suitable solid formulations may be water-dispersible granules (WDG) and wettable powders (WP), dusts, and the like.

Adjuvants and auxiliary ingredients may be used to formulate such preformulated compositions and may include wetting agents, adhesives, dispersants, penetrants, rain-resistant agents or surfactants and, if necessary, a solvent or oil and other agriculturally acceptable additives. and adjuvants.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an agrochemical composition comprising a combination of an aversive agent and at least one insecticide comprises dissolving the active ingredients to be mixed in an aqueous solution containing agrochemically acceptable carriers with agitation to form a clear/cloudy solution. The solution is continuously stirred until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained. The composition may further comprise at least one selected from anionic surfactants, antifreeze agents, wetting agents, antifoam agents, thickeners, preservatives, plant health enhancers, and optionally other accessory ingredients; and packaging of the resulting agrochemical composition.

In one embodiment, the combination of the present invention is preferably effective against a dangerous sucking pest.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling dangerous plant pests, the method comprising applying to a site of infestation an insecticide combination comprising an aversive agent and at least one insecticide.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling dangerous plant pests, comprising applying to the site of infestation by an insect pest an insecticide combination comprising a denatonium compound as an aversive agent and at least one insecticide.

According to another additional embodiment, the invention further relates to a method of applying the present agricultural composition comprising said combination of an aversive agent and at least one insecticide to crops and plants.

The advantage of the composition is its high safety for the user and the environment.

The composition of the present invention is effective against a wide range of leaf, fruit, stem or root, seed, aquatic and soil-dwelling arthropods (the term "arthropod" includes insects, mites and nematodes) that are pests of growing and stored agronomic crops, forests, greenhouses , ornamental plants, nurseries, stored food and fiber products, livestock, and public and animal health. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the composition of the present invention is effective against all growth stages of all pests, preferably all sucking pests. However, the composition of the present invention is effective against pests that include: eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera; eggs, larvae feeding on leaves, fruits, roots, seeds and adults of the order Coleoptera; eggs, immature and adults of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera; eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari; eggs, immature and adults of the orders Thysanoptera, Orthoptera and Dermaptera; eggs, immature and adults of the order Diptera; and eggs, juveniles and adults of the Nematoda division. The compositions of the invention are also effective against pests of the orders Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Siphonaptera, Blattaria, Thysanura and Psocoptera; pests belonging to the class Arachnida and the department Platyhelminthes; 11-spot Howard's flea beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi), six-spot leafhopper (Mascrosteles fascifrons), cotton weevil (Anthonomus grandis), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), autumn cutworm larva (Spodoptera frugiperda), black bean aphid (Aphis fabae), green peach aphid (Myzus persica), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia), English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), whitefly (Bemisia tabacii), tobacco worm (Heliothis virescens), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) , rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), white-backed leafhopper (Sogatella furcifera), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), brown leafhopper (Nilaparvata lugens), dark leafhopper (Laodelphax striatellus), yellow rice moth (Chilo suppressalis), rice leafworm (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ), black rice stink bug (Scotinophara lurida), rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax), rice stink bug (Leptocorisa chinensis), fine rice bug (Cletus puntiger), southern green stink stink bug (Nezara viridula), and German cockroach (Blatella germanica); against ticks, demonstrating ovicidal, larvicidal and chemosterile activity against families such as Tetranychidae, including Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus mcdanieli, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus turkestani, Byrobia rubrioculus, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus cietri, Eotetranychus, Etetranychus, carpini borelis Eotetranychus sexmaculatus, Eotetranychus yumensis, Eotetranychus banksi and Oligonychus pratensis; Tenuipalpidae, including Brevipalpus lewisi, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Brevipalpus californicus and Brevipalpus obovatus; Eriophyidae, including Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Eriophyes sheldoni, Aculus cornutus, Epitrimerus pyri and Eriophyes mangiferae.

In one embodiment, the combination of the present invention is preferably effective against leafhoppers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the leafhopper species are selected from Amrasca bigutula bigutula, Adelungiinae; Agalliinae, Aphrodinae, Arrugadinae, Austroagalloidinae Bythoniinae, Cicadellinae, Bothrogonia, Graphocephala (including coccinea), Homalodisca Zyzzogeton, Coelidiinae, Deltocephalinae, Anoplotettix (Ferrari, 1882), Circulifer, Graminella Hecalusina He, Zhang & Webb, 2008, Neebergphotettix, Stakinaebergphotettix, , Errhomeninae Euacanthellinae, Eupelicinae, Eurymelinae, Eurymela, Eurymeloides, Evacanthinae, Evansiolinae, Hylicinae, Iassinae, Idiocerinae, Idiocerus, Koebeliinae, Ledrinae, Ledra Neotituria, Macropsinae, Oncopsis, Makilingiinae, Megophthalminae, Mileeidiewinae Mukariinae, Neobalinae, Nicoelinae, N Nirvana, Sophonia Penthimiinae, Phereurhininae, Phlogisinae, Scarinae, Selenocephalinae, Signoretiinae Stegelytrinae, Tartes sinae, Tinterominae, Typhlocybinae, Dziwne ono, Empoasca, Erasmoneura Young, 1952, Eupteryx, Sweta, Typhlocyba, Ulopinae, Xestocephalinae incertae sedis (extinct Cretaceous).

In one embodiment, plants are selected from, but not limited to, cereals such as wheat, oats, barley, spelt, triticale, rye, corn, millet, rice, crops such as sugarcane, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, canola , tobacco, sugar beet, fodder beet; tubers such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, etc.; crops such as asparagus, hops, etc.; fruit plants such as apples, pears, stone fruits such as, for example, peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, apricots, citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, limes, lemons, kumquats, tangerines, unshiu tangerines; nuts such as pistachios, almonds, walnuts, pecans, tropical fruits such as mango, papaya, pineapple, dates, bananas, etc., grapes, vegetables such as endive lettuce, rapunzel lettuce, lettuce lettuce, fennel, ball and tear-leaf lettuce, chard, spinach, chicory, cauliflower, broccoli, bok choy, kale (winter cabbage or kale), kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, red cabbage, white cabbage and savoy cabbage, fruit vegetables such as eggplants, cucumbers, paprika, squash, tomatoes, zucchini, sweet corn, root vegetables such as root celery, turnips, carrots, rutabaga, radishes, horseradish, beets, goatskins, lettuce celery, legumes such as peas, beans, etc., bulbous vegetables such as leeks, onions, etc., oilseeds such as mustard, poppy seeds, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor beans, cocoa beans, peanuts; fiber spinning crops such as cotton, jute, flax, hemp, crops such as tea, coffee, rubber, ornamental plants including shrubs and flowering plants, vines, pasture and pasture crops.

In one embodiment, the method of the present invention can be carried out by applying a combination of an aversive agent and at least one insecticide at the site of infestation.

Preferably, treating the site with the combination of the present invention comprises applying to the soil, applying to the plant or plant parts or seeds an effective amount of an aversive agent and an insecticide. The introduction is preferably carried out by application either at the first signs of infection, or when insect pests begin to appear again.

The combination of aversive agent and insecticides may be obtained from separate formulation sources, mixed together and used as a ready-to-use tank mix, spray decoction or suspension, optionally with other pesticides, or said combination may be obtained as a single formulation mixture such as a premix, concentrate, or formulated product, and optionally mixed together with other insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaracides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, and mixtures thereof.

While the above written description of the invention allows one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use what is currently considered to be the best, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents to the particular embodiment, method, and examples provided herein. Thus, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiment, method and examples described above, but to all embodiments and methods falling within the scope and spirit of the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention. The examples are presented to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Way

The above amount of polyvinylpyridine and sodium lignosulfonate is dissolved with stirring in water. To the same mixture, with stirring, slowly add a weighed amount of denatonium benzoate and sodium lignosulfonate until a clear/cloudy solution is formed. The solution is continuously stirred until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained.

Example 2

Way

The above amount of polyvinylpyridine and alkyl ether sulfate is dissolved in water with stirring. To the same mixture, with stirring, slowly add a weighed amount of denatonium benzoate and alkyl ether sulfate until a clear/cloudy solution is formed. The solution is continuously stirred until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained.

Example 3

Way

The above-mentioned amount of polyvinylpyridine and benzalkonium chloride is dissolved with stirring in water. To the same mixture, with stirring, slowly add a weighed amount of denatonium benzoate and benzalkonium chloride until a clear/cloudy solution is formed. The solution is continuously stirred until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained.

Field test data

Example 4

Field trials were conducted to study the effect of combining denatonium benzoate with insecticides. The following three combinations were tested against leafhopper species Amrasca bigutula bigutula on a crop of overgrown okra (Abelmoschus esculentum L) compared to insecticides alone.

• Denatonium benzoate + flonamide

• Denatonium benzoate + thiamethoxam

• Denatonium benzoate + imidacloprid

Both phytotoxicity and percentage control of leafhoppers were measured. The design of the field trial experiment is shown in Table 1 below.

Details of processing for field trials are given in Table 2 below:

T-1, T-2 and T-3 are insecticide combination treatments according to the present invention; T-4, T-5 and T-6 are insecticide treatments only; T-7 and T-8 are denatonium benzoate (DB) liquid solutions treatment only, and T-9 is the control.

Phytotoxicity Test Results

The safety of denatonium benzoate (DB) combinations according to the present invention has been evaluated on okra. The DB combinations according to the present invention are noted to be safe and no phytotoxicity has been observed. None of the chemical treatments showed any undesirable symptoms of phytotoxicity in the plants.

Synergistic Control of Leafhoppers with the Insecticide Combinations of the Invention

The bioefficacy of the insecticide combinations of the present invention against leafhoppers in okra infection was evaluated. The percentage of cicada control was measured. Efficacy was evaluated as follows: excellent 91-100%, very good 81-90%, good 71-80%, moderate 51-70%, poor <50%.

Table 3 illustrates the efficacy results of the synergistic combination of the present invention.

Observations

Селективность. Хорошая сохранность урожая наблюдалась при обеих нормах внесения денатониума бензоата, т.е. 4 мл и 5 мл/литр воды на окре.

Selectivity. Good crop preservation was observed at both application rates of denatonium benzoate, i.e. 4 ml and 5 ml/liter of water per okra.

Эффективность

Efficiency

• Amrasca bigutula bigutula: leafhoppers

• The effectiveness of T-7 DB at 4 ml/liter of water and T-8 DB at 5 ml/liter of water was found to be low in controlling leafhoppers on okra.

• Treatment with T-1 DB + Ulala at 5+0.4 g/liter of water is well suited for the control of leafhoppers on okra, in addition T-2 DB + thiamethoxam at 5+0.5 g/liter of water and T- 3 DB + imidacloprid at 5+0.4 ml/liter water.

From the foregoing, all chemical treatments with the denatonium benzoate insecticide combinations of the present invention were able to effectively reduce leafhopper populations and were significantly superior to the use of insecticides alone. The combinations were better at reducing leafhopper infestation than single treatments. In fact, no significant control of leafhoppers has been observed with denatonium benzoate alone. The combination has shown promising results in terms of bioefficacy compared to single drugs.

Denatonium benzoate (DB) improves the effectiveness of insecticides and shows synergy. The effectiveness of flonicamid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid is enhanced by the addition of DB. The present combinations have been found to be more effective in killing leafhoppers (sucking pests) than using insecticides alone. It is clearly seen that denatonium benzoate itself does not show any insecticidal activity; however, the combination of denatonium benzoate with other insecticides provides synergistic insecticidal activity.

It should be understood that the present invention may be modified, altered and adapted by those skilled in the art. It is intended that such modifications, alterations and adaptations are also included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A synergistic combination of insecticides containing from 0.5 to 90 wt.% of an insecticide selected from flonicamid, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, from 1 to 5 wt.% denatonium benzoate as an aversive agent and agrochemically acceptable auxiliary ingredients up to 100 wt.%. 2. A method for controlling dangerous plant pests, which includes applying a synergistic combination of insecticides according to claim 1 to the site of infection by an insect pest.

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