RU2791773C2 - Full road cycle unit for road and planning works - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technical means for performing road construction works.

SUBSTANCE: full road cycle unit (FRCU) includes a base tractor, a bucket with a front flap and a movable rear wall, a bucket lift-lower tool, a front flap lift-lower tool, a rear wall means of travel, a traction frame with a trunk mounted on the front axle bogie or to the towing unit of the tractor, and on the opposite side, the traction frame is attached by means of traverses to the rear axle mounting frame with pneumatic wheels, bumper, rear axle with pneumatic wheels. The frame for fastening the rear axle with pneumatic wheels and the means for driving the rear wall of the bucket is extended so that it accommodates an adjustable means for fastening the sealing device, the width of which, together with the fastening means, does not exceed the width of the bucket. The lower plane of the sealing device is installed above or below the plane of the bucket bottom and below the rolling plane of the pneumatic wheels.

EFFECT: increase in the productivity of road construction of automobile, rural dirt, gravel and asphalt roads by reducing the number of types of technical means used to perform works.

11 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technical means for performing road construction works and is aimed at improving the productivity of road construction of automobile rural unpaved, gravel and asphalt roads, reducing the cost of construction, both due to the high productivity of creating the base and roadbed, and by reducing the number of types of technical means used to perform work.

When performing road works, it is customary to use a wide range of road construction machines, which naturally complicates and increases the cost of repair and maintenance of technical equipment, which, in turn, increases the cost of road works. The author's personal experience has shown the possibility of unifying many operations of creating a road embankment of rural roads and compiling these operations into a Complete Road Cycle Unit (APTC), with which you can perform up to 95-98% of road embankment preparation work. Scraper designs are mainly focused on quarrying, which allows the scraper to perform the function of a high-performance excavator when removing soil, a dump truck for transporting, unloading soil, and a planner for the bed of a backfilled soil belt. This proposal is aimed at modifying the scraper to combine the laying of a strip of soil with the function of compacting freshly poured soil or loosened soil during patching. Compiling knots to the level of APCA creates the possibility of loosening and rolling the road shoulder, which suppresses the overgrowth of the shoulder with grass, which facilitates the drainage of rainwater and preserves the view of the edge of the road. It is important to note that the time combination of the process of laying the dumped soil tape with the compaction of this tape not only saves time and construction costs, but also provides layer-by-layer compaction of the dumped soil, which significantly increases the strength and service life of the embankment. At the same time, it is economically important that there is no need to use specialized compaction rollers, which already, in itself, reduces the cost of work, especially since the compaction of each previous section of the dumped soil belt is repeatedly performed by a loaded APDC weighing tens of tons, which is commensurate or can be more weight of specialized compaction rollers.

We especially note that the combination of all technological processes in the APDC in a single unit creates a unique situation of continuous operation of the APDC without downtime, typical for excavators waiting for the return of insufficient dump trucks or idle dump trucks when the excavator (s) is busy. The autonomy of the APTS operation allows you to linearly increase the construction productivity by increasing the involved APTS, maintaining this linearity until the total length of the APTS column is commensurate with the length of the road section under construction.

To illustrate the structural approach to ADCP, one of the options for implementing a means of soil compaction on the roadbed using conventional rollers was chosen, which does not exclude other solutions, such as vibration support platforms or vibratory rollers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A schematic description of the APDC is presented in the following graphic material.

Figure 1 A, B, C, D and Figure 2 A, B, C, shows a number of layout options for the design of the APDC and their application in various technological operations. The main objective of the presented notation is to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed relatively simple technical means.

The illustrations of possible options for implementing the APDC show trailer structures, the development of which is possible in semi-trailer drives with truck tractors and in self-propelled units. Trailed versions are more accessible if serial scrapers are supplemented with a means of compacting the soil belt, for example, compacting rollers.

The APDC inherits the nodes of the trailed scraper, starting with the trailer beam-1, which transmits the traction force of the tractor to the front axle bogie-2, which, with hinges-3, drives the bucket trunk-4, which pulls the bucket-9 through the bucket frame-40.

In the design of the bucket, there is certainly a vertical movable rear wall that pushes soil-19 out of bucket-9 (see Fig. 2B), loaded into bucket-9 during the intake of soil cut by knife-10, when the front edge of bucket-9 is lowered by the bucket drive hydraulic cylinders -8, and the hydraulic cylinder of the drive of the front damper-5 slightly opens the front damper-6 so that the soil cut with a knife-10 falls into the bucket, but does not spill out of it. The vertical movable rear wall of the bucket and the means of its movement within the bucket are not provided.

Shown in Fig. 1 A, B, C, D versions of the APDC on public roads and partially during the transportation of soil from a quarry-ditch move on pneumatic wheels-18, and the compaction of the soil after it is laid on the roadbed is performed by a compaction tool, which is shown as a trolley rear rollers-16.

On FIG. 3, 4, 5. 6 show simple versions of the web compaction means, made of cylindrical rotating rollers, creating an operationally replaceable rear soil bridge of the scraper, and for a trailed scraper acting as the front axle.

The bogie of the rear rollers-16 can also be made as one section of the rollers, but two sections give a higher quality of compaction, when the second section compacts the soil in the gaps of the first section of the rollers and helps to correct another possible flaw. After pushing the soil-19 out of the bucket-9, as shown in FIG. 2B, a significant part of the soil spills out into the sides wider than bucket-9, which would leave this part of the soil uncompacted with the same width of the roller section, which in the soil face of the ditch should not be wider than the blade of bucket-10. The second section of the rollers is made of variable width so that at the bottom of the ditch the rollers would not be wider than the bucket, but at the moment of compaction of the soil, the rollers of the rear section-25 and 26 with their hydraulic cylinders for driving the rollers-23 and 24 extend wider than the bucket-9 and the rear section of the rollers-22 compacts the "side whiskers" of the soil.

Soil compaction could also be carried out with a simple towed compactor using conventional rollers. However, the quality of compaction is determined by the specific pressure on the soil, which requires a large weight of the rollers, but with their small diameter, since an increase in the diameter expands the size of the contact patch and reduces the specific pressure. The use of the rear roller bogie-16 as the rear axle of the APDT at the time of soil compaction allows using the significant weight of the bucket-9 with soil plus the serious weight of the APDT itself for soil compaction with a specific pressure comparable to heavy compaction rollers.

In Fig.1A and Fig. 1B shows two options for the mutual arrangement of pneumatic wheels-18 and the bogie of the rear rollers-16. Version Fig. 1A is more convenient for the implementation of the APDT by refining the serial scraper, when the compaction means, for example, in the form of a bogie of the rear rollers - 16, is added after the pneumatic wheels - 18. The hydraulic cylinder piston of the drive for lifting and lowering the rollers—13 is shown in the middle position, when both the pneumatic wheels—18 and the rear roller cart—16 are in contact with the soil surface. When lowering the piston of the hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting-lowering the rollers-13, the left shoulder of the rocker for lifting-lowering the wheels-14 is also lowered, which will raise the bogie of the rear rollers-16 and the weight of the APDTs will rest on the pneumatic wheels-18, which creates a transport mode. If the piston of the hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting-lowering the rollers-13 from the middle position will move upwards, then the left arm of the wheel lifting-lowering rocker-14 will begin to rise, and the right one, resting its right end against the cart of the rear rollers-16, will also understand its central hinge, which will lift the pneumatic wheels - 18 and rest the APDTs on the cart of the rear - 16 rollers, which creates the mode of compaction of the soil tape.

The design in Fig.1B with a neat layout makes it possible to bring the cart of the rear rollers—16 to the bucket—9, which increases the compaction force by shortening the shoulder from the center of gravity of the APDC to the hinge of the cart of the rear rollers—16. Changing from transport mode to compaction mode is done in the same way. The hydraulic cylinder piston of the drive for raising and lowering the wheels—11 is shown in the middle position, when both the pneumatic wheels—18 and the rear roller cart—16 are in contact with the soil surface. When lowering the piston of the hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting and lowering the wheels—11, the left shoulder of the rocker arm for lifting and lowering the wheels—12—is also lowered, which will raise the pneumatic wheels—18 and the weight of the APDTs will rest on the cart of the rear rollers—16, which creates a compaction mode for the soil tape. If the piston of the hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting and lowering the wheels—11 from the middle position will move upwards, then the left shoulder of the rocker arm for lifting and lowering the wheels—12 will begin to rise, and the right one, leaning on the right end on the pneumatic wheels—18, will also understand its central hinge, which lifts the rear bogie - 16 rollers, which creates a transport mode.

The bucket knife-10 is made multi-section, at least in three sections, and the outer sections can be installed and fixed at an inclination to the middle section, which ensures the preliminary formation of a convex transverse profile of the roadbed.

On Fig.2A shows the mode of recruitment of soil, in which the bucket drive cylinder-8, lowering the bucket frame-40 (Fig.1G), sets the bucket knife below the ground level. The front damper—6 (Fig. 1A) is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder of the front damper actuator—5, opening the access of the soil to the bucket-9. After collecting soil in the bucket-9, the APDC is transferred to the transport position shown in Fig. 2B, when the rear roller cart—16 is lifted through the rocker for lifting the rollers—14 by the hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting and lowering the rollers—13, and the bucket—9 by the hydraulic cylinder of the bucket drive—8 also lifted up to the transport position.

On Fig.2B APDC unloaded from the bucket-9 soil-19 and brought from the state of laying the soil-19 into the soil tape-20, the thickness of the gap from the bucket knife-10 to the surface of the roadbed. The front flap—6 is raised before unloading by the front flap drive hydraulic cylinder—5, the bucket knife—10 is set to the required clearance to the blade using the bucket drive hydraulic cylinder—8. The hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting-lowering the rollers-13 pneumatic wheels-18 rises and the APDC rests on the cart of the rear rollers.

In Fig.2B, the section of the soil belt - 20 to the right of the rear roller cart - 16 was laid by the previous operation and was compacted by the weight of the APDC plus the weight of the soil in the bucket, while the segment of the soil belt - 20 between the bucket knife - 9 and the front section of the rear roller cart - 16 was compacted only by the weight of the APDC, just as the soil belt into which the soil from the bucket-19 will turn will also be compacted only by the weight of the APDC.

Figure 3 and 4 shows the relative position of the rollers in the cart rear rollers-16. The front section of the bogie of the rear rollers-16 consists of three rollers-21 and two rollers-22, which can occupy two positions of the shifted rollers, as in Fig. 3 or extended, as in Fig.4.

Figure 5 shows the mechanism for changing the position of the rollers-25,26 rear section of the rollers-22 (Figure 3). The rollers are attached to the roller extension guides—29, where they can be moved by the roller extension hydraulic cylinders—23, 24. The roller guides—29 can be deviated from the horizontal direction in the roller tilt axes—30 by the roller tilt drives—34 to form a convex transverse profile of the roadbed.

The formation of the convex profile of the blade begins with the inclination of the bucket knife sections-10 and is confirmed by the inclination of the side rollers of the front section of the rollers-21 from Fig.3, shown in the front view in Fig. 6. Side rollers inside the frame of the roller bogie - 31 are installed in their frames of side rollers - 32 and 33, which can be deviated from the horizontal by turning in the axes of inclination of the rollers - 35 and 36.

LIST OF UNITS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS,

MENTIONED IN THE DRAWINGS

1—Tow Bar;

2—Front axle trolley;

3-- Hinges;

4—trunk bucket;

5—Hydraulic cylinder of the drive of the front damper

6—Front Flap;

7—Ripper;

8--Hydraulic cylinder drive bucket;

9—Ladle;

10—bucket knife;

11--Hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting-lowering the wheels;

12—Rocker for raising and lowering the wheels;

13--Hydraulic cylinder of the drive for lifting-lowering the rollers;

14—Rocker for lifting rollers;

15—Traction of the cart of the rear rollers;

16—Trolley rear rollers;

17—rollers;

18—Pneumatic wheels;

19—Soil from the bucket;

20—Ground Tape;

21—The front section of the rollers;

22—Rear section of rollers;

23, 24--Hydraulic cylinder extension rollers;

25, 26—Rear section rollers;

27—Axes of rotation of the rollers;

28—Drives for tilting the rollers;

29—Guides for the extension of the rollers;

30—Axes of inclination of the rollers;

31—frame trolley rollers;

32, 33—frame side rollers;

34—drives tilt rollers;

35, 36—axis of inclination of the rollers;

37, 38, 39—axis of rotation of the rollers;

40—bucket frame

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The state of the art in road construction of infrastructure roads is not well developed in terms of the construction of inexpensive and reliable roads. For decades, the dominance of graders has been maintained, which are useful in many ways, but not fully useful in this area. The smooth road left by the grader does not last long because the uncompacted canvas remains loose and remains an easy prey for water that accumulates in puddles. This water is transported on wheels, creating new puddles. Leveling such a road with a grader gives the appearance of quality lost by the presence of a loose backfill of puddles, which reproduces them at high speed. In addition, the grader is harmful to dirt roads in that it kills already dead cuvettes by simply filling them up. The author saw rollers for squeezing water out of puddles only on roads that are being prepared for asphalting. At the same time, the cost of traditional roads is high, requiring quarries of sand and clay, the materials of which in the non-chernozem region are immeasurably along the roads, but the road builders have nothing to take them for productive construction.

The proposed simple compilation of well-known techniques, however, has no direct analogues, which was a problem in finding a prototype for the application. The scraper is known, the compaction rollers are also known. For their fruitful union, an urgent need was needed to build a road along a semi-marshy field with a traditional ditch from under an excavator, which brought clay onto the canvas. The use of a scraper to transport and lay sand on clay created ditches among the sand of a neighboring hillock and showed the general features of the approach. The mutilation of the road by hurryers who wanted to drive until the sand was packed with a roller indicated the need to reduce the time from paving to compaction. Compiling paving and compacting in one cycle completely eliminates the harmful time gap. The combination of operations in one unit has no analogues for road construction of almost all types of roads.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH APPLIES

The Complete Road Cycle Unit belongs to the family of road construction equipment, distinguished from it by the complete autonomy of creating a road embankment with water drainage cuvettes from the roadbed. The most productive is expected to be the use of APDTs in the geological conditions of the non-chernozem zone for field roads, roads of unpaved infrastructure of road networks, roads with granite chips or crushed stone and high-quality embankments for asphalt roads.

The use of APDC is a promising alternative to the accepted traditional technology for the construction of road embankments, which consists of: 1) soil sampling by an excavator from a centralized pit; 2) delivery of soil by dump trucks to the roadbed under construction; 3) distribution, planning of the soil on the canvas, and the formation of a profile by a grader; 4) web compaction by self-propelled rollers.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The APDC is a direct compilation of a quarry scraper with a soil strip compactor, backfilled and leveled by the scraper. A variant of the compaction means is shown, for example, a trolley of rollers with two sections of rollers that form a road profile, compact the soil that falls beyond the width of the bucket and insure the APDT on the side of the road from slipping into a ditch. The prototype of such a compilation is not known to the author.

The use of the roller cart as the rear axle of the APDC makes it possible to load the compactor with the full weight of the soil of the loaded bucket, which is not inferior to or exceeds the compaction capabilities of heavy self-propelled compaction rollers. To this it should be added that each soil strip is compacted in layers, and the compaction is combined in time with the laying of the strip.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

On FIG. 1 A, B, C, D shows a side view for an APDT with a trailed scraper, but without a tractor. These layout options, in particular, are convenient for converting a serial mining scraper into an APDT, capable of moving on pneumatic wheels on public roads.

Trailer beam - 1 front axle truck - 2 with three hinges - 3 (two with a horizontal axis of rotation and one with a vertical axis of rotation) pulls the bucket trunk - 4, which is rigidly connected to the bucket frame - 31. The lower right corners of the bucket - 9 are hinged to the bucket frame - 31, and two hydraulic cylinders of the bucket drive - 8 can raise it to the transport position, lower it to cut the soil and raise it above the surface of the canvas by the thickness of the soil strip being poured. Intermediate clearance values from the soil surface to the bucket knife - 10 set the thickness of the soil layer - 19, which is formed from a pile of soil - 19, poured out of the bucket - 9, when the unit starts moving forward (to the left in Fig. 2 B). Soil - 19 from the bucket - 9 by its vertical rear wall is pushed out by the force of the hydraulic cylinder rested against the jumper of the bucket frame. The rear wall and the hydraulic cylinder of its drive are not shown in the drawings. With the bucket knife lowered below the ground surface - 10, as shown in Fig. 2 A, moving forward leads to the cutting of the soil and its loading into the bucket--9. At the time of soil intake and when it is unloaded from the bucket, the front damper - 6 is lifted up by its drive hydraulic cylinder - 5, and the rear wall is completely pushed back to the bucket rotation axis. When transporting the soil, the bucket--9 is raised, and the damper--6 is lowered. The combination of laying the soil and its compaction is achieved by the fact that on the rear plane of the bucket frame--40, a compaction means is installed, made in the variant of Fig.1A as a cart of the rear rollers--16, which moves with two rods of the cart--15 after the bucket frame-- 40. On the bucket frame - 40 there are two hydraulic cylinders - 13 for raising and lowering the cart of the rear rollers - 16, which is hinged to the rocker arm - 14.

In the layout versions of FIG. 1 B, C, D means of soil compaction (shown as a trolley of rear rollers - 16) is rigid, but on a hinge with a horizontal axis of rotation, is attached to the bucket frame - 40, and the transport mode and modes of working with soil are set by changing the height of the transport wheels in relation to the bucket frame. The layout version of Fig. 1B lengthens the longitudinal base of the APDT to reduce the amplitude of variations (“undulations”) of the roadbed during its planning. The shortening of the longitudinal base of the APDC, on the other hand, increases the weight load on the compaction means (in particular, on the rear roller bogie - 16), which is useful for the strength of the web. It is possible to compromise the use of APDC samples of various layouts in one team, when enhanced compaction is complemented by a decrease in waviness.

In Fig.1 C and D, the layout of the APDT is similar to Fig. 1A in that the transport wheels - 18 are located between the bucket and the compaction means (for example, this is a trolley of the rear rollers - 16), but in the transport mode the wheels - 18 fall below the lower plane of the compaction means, and in the modes of operation with soil, the transport wheels - 18 rise above the lower plane of the sealing means

To perform patching of the roadbed of the sand embankment between the truck of the front axle--2 of the scraper and the bucket knife--10, a means of loosening the roadbed is installed, which is conditionally shown in Fig 1 in the form of a cutter. The means of loosening can be made in the form of a set of plows, disc or needle harrows with a loosening depth of a few centimeters. It is useful to avoid more serious deformation of the web, especially since the cost of such repairs is low, since the repair productivity is several kilometers per hour with a single pass strip of about three meters. Rolling during repairs should be carried out with a bucket loaded with sand to the maximum, part of which can, in special cases, be used for backfilling. The exact value of the repair speed is determined by the engine power of the APDC tractor.

Figure 2 A, B, C shows a side view for the three modes of operation of the APDC. In Fig.2A, the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the rollers - 13 pneumatic wheels - 18 are raised above the soil surface and the APDC rests on the cart of the rear rollers - 16. Bucket drive cylinders--8 can set the bucket knife--10 lower than the ground level than the mode of taking soil into the bucket, they can also raise the bucket knife--10 by the thickness (height) of laying the soil tape, or they can raise the bucket-- 9 in the transport position, a variant of which is shown in Fig.2B, when the rear roller cart--16 is raised to improve maneuverability. Figure 2B shows the laying of the soil tape with simultaneous compaction, which is performed with a bucket knife - 10 raised above the soil surface by the thickness of the formed tape - 20 soil - 19. The soil - 19 is partially removed from the bucket - 9, the front damper - 6 is raised by its hydraulic cylinder - 5, the bucket knife - 10 is raised by several centimeters by the bucket drive hydraulic cylinders - 8. After these operations, the APDC has already moved to the left at a distance from the blade of the bucket knife - 10 to the rollers of the front section of the rear roller bogie - 16. With further advancement of the APDT to the left, the rear roller cart - 16 will begin compacting the freshly laid soil strip. The pressure of the bogie of the rear rollers - 16 is created through the rocker - 14 by its own weight APDTs. When the current tape - 20 is laid, the next one will start to be laid to the current one at the end joint, and at the beginning of the next tape, the compaction of the current tape will be repeated by the total weight of the APDT and soil for the next soil tape. The ratio of weights varies from units of tons of APDC weight to tens of tons of soil weight in the bucket. For example, a five-cubic-meter scraper itself weighs about 4 tons, and with soil and a bogie of rear rollers, by the time the next soil belt begins, the total weight will be about 20 tons. With a bucket width of three meters and an initial belt thickness of 10 cm, the length of the belt will be 16-17 meters.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the cart rear rollers-16, which does not show the assembly frame of the cart. The front section of rollers--21 is shown in the version of three rollers on independent axes of rotation--27, and the rear section--22 is composed of two rollers that can be moved apart, as shown in Fig.4. The extended rollers roll out the “whiskers” of soil that spills past the side walls of the bucket when forming a soil belt. The mechanism for expanding the rollers - 25 and 26, the rear section - 22 is schematically shown in Fig.5. The axles of the rollers are fixed in the slides installed in the extension guides - 29. Slider extension hydraulic cylinders - 23.24 can be advanced to the stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder rod. Extension guides--29 can be tilted on the rollers--30 tilt drive--28, which contributes to the formation of a convex transverse profile of the road due to the inclination of the rollers--27 rotation axes. Separate control of the extension and inclination of the rollers - 25,26 by means of the drives of the inclination of the rollers - 28 allows you to level the bucket knife - 10 in a horizontal position when working along the slope of a hill or mound. The use of a sectioned expanding section of the rollers as a trolley assembly for the rear rollers of the APDC, in addition to rolling the "whiskers", makes it possible to cut the soil on the side of the roadbed. With a conventional rear axle scraper with air wheels, cutting the soil at the shoulder will cause the scraper bucket to slip into the roadside ditch immediately after the air wheel is at the edge of the shoulder, where the soil can be less compacted than in the central part of the road embankment. The rollers of the bogie of the rear rollers - 16 with the width of the section of the rollers equal to the width of the bucket, keeps the APDTs on the roadbed until the common center of gravity of the unit is beyond the edge of the ditch. The extension of the rollers allows you to pack, compact the shoulder to suppress the growth of grass, which impedes storm drainage and closes the view of the edge of the canvas.

Figure 6 shows a front view of the front section of the rollers of the cart rear rollers--16. The outer rollers are mounted on the frame of the roller trolley - 31 by the roller frame - 32.33 with the help of the axis of inclination of the rollers - 35.36, equipped with a drive for tilting the rollers - 34, which can deviate from the horizontal. The inclination of the rollers of the front - 21 and rear sections - 22 of the rollers contributes to the formation of a convex transverse profile of the road.

The traditional hydraulic drive of moving units, adopted for tractors with internal combustion engines, can be replaced by an electric or other type of drive, which is why the term "means of movement, movement, etc." will be used in the claims.

In a number of emergency situations, the APTS may require towing or pushing forward along a ditch or roadbed. For pushing, the rear beam of the bogie of the rear rollers—16 or an additional stop, not indicated in the drawings, can be used.

The non-chernozem zone of Russia is characterized by the geological structure of the soil with alternating layers and massifs of sand and clay. This is what stimulated the creation of a method of road construction with a minimum use of traditional centralized pits due to the maximum use of roadside soil, which was an extension of the method of "repairing a road by excavating soil from a ditch" to the method of building a road by excavating soil from a ditch and shallow roadside ditches. This was proposed by me and approved by the Environmental Prosecutor's Office.

All functions of the APDT are remotely controlled by means of hydraulic or electric drive of the executive bodies using electronically controlled electrical commands. Historically, road machinery has traditionally used hydraulic drives. The appearance of electrically controlled hydraulic distributors already allows us to consider hydraulic cylinders as a generalized drive means, which can also be a purely electro-mechanical drive means. The aggregation into one whole of laying the soil tape and its compaction with minimal logistical costs for building materials crowns the set of functions of the APDC, which can: 1--take the desired soil, 2--deliver it to the place where the soil is needed, 3-- lay it flat strip into the roadbed, 4--compact it almost immediately to the level of road readiness.

What classically should be considered a tractor can be implemented on any of the modifications of the APDC design, in the variants of the drawings of Figs 1–2.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION.

The main technical result and the essence of this invention is the emergence of hope for the development and development of vast off-road spaces of the Russian non-Black Earth region. The technology of building dirt roads by this method reduces the cost by 5-10 times, and maybe more, depending on the local geology. A much narrower range of road equipment can be updated. There is no need for centralized quarries of road materials. Repair of the roadbed is carried out at a speed of several km / h by loosening the roadbed with a ripper - 7 to a depth of several centimeters, followed by compaction, for example, with a rear roller cart - 16.

Creating a road with the help of APTS begins with marking the route of the road ditches. Sod and fertile soil layer is removed from the surface of future ditches and the roadbed by the APDC scraper and stored near the road. Sequential sampling of soil begins from the surface of the cuvette. If it is sand, then it is laid and compacted on the surface of the canvas. Clay can be placed on the roadbed in lowlands to level the roadbed, or stored next to the road. It is allowed to remove sand for the canvas from shallow, a few decimeters deep, associated local mini-quarries after removing the turf and the fertile soil layer from them. When laying a belt of sand on the roadbed, the rollers of the rear section move sideways at the rear roller cart, which makes it possible to compact the "whiskers" of soil that spill out along the side walls of the bucket. After completion of work on the roadbed, the turf and the fertile layer are laid on the bottom of the ditches, which reduces the likelihood of overgrowing ditches with self-seedling forest.

The type of soil and the place of its laying, the depth of the ditch and the height of the web are determined by the APDC operator.

Work productivity can be increased in direct proportion to the number of APTC involved.

Claims (11)

1. Full Road Cycle Unit (ATTC), including a base tractor, a bucket with a front flap, with a movable rear wall, a bucket lift-lower tool, a front flap lift-lower tool, a rear wall traveler, a traction frame with a trunk mounted on or on bogie of the front axle, or to the towing unit of the tractor, and on the opposite side, the traction frame is attached by means of traverses to the rear axle mounting frame with pneumatic wheels, bumper, rear axle with pneumatic wheels, moreover, the frame for mounting the rear axle with pneumatic wheels and rear wall drive means of the bucket is extended so that it has an adjustable means of fastening the sealing means, the width of which, together with the fastening means, does not exceed the width of the bucket, and the lower plane of the sealing means can be installed above or below the plane of the bottom of the bucket and below the rolling plane of the pneumatic wheels. 2. APDC according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing means is made in two stages, so that one of the stages is made at least three-section, and the lower sealing planes of the outer sections for each stage may deviate from the horizontal due to the fact that they are equipped with individual means for driving the section inclination from the horizontal position by sealing means fixed on the frame. 3. APDC according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that one of the sections of the sealing means is equipped with a means for driving the inclination of the sealing plane for inclining the outer sections, and is also equipped with a means for moving the outer sections to extend them outward beyond the width of the bucket. 4. APDC according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the sealing means is equipped with a means of raising the sealing plane above the rolling plane of the pneumatic wheels in the process of transport movement and lowering the lower plane of the sealing means below the rolling plane of the pneumatic wheels when taking soil in a ditch and when compacting the web roads. 5. APDT according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the axles of the pneumatic wheels are equipped with a means of lifting the rear axle of the pneumatic wheels above the lower plane of the sealing means, which in this case is attached to the APDT frame below the plane of the bottom of the bucket so that in the process of transport movement the lower the plane of the sealing means is above the rolling plane of the pneumatic wheels. 6. APDC according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the middle sections of the sealing means are equipped with a means to prevent lateral slipping of the bucket, for example, segmented plates fixed at the ends of the middle sections of the sealing means. 7. APDC according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the sealing means is made dismantled. 8. APDT according to claims 1-7, characterized in that in the space between the front APDT bogie and the bucket knife, a means for loosening the web is installed, equipped with a means of lifting to the transport position and equipped with means for tracking the convex profile of the road. 9. APDC according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the front trolley of the trailed APDC is made as a sealing means similar to the rear APDC bogie. 10. APDC according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the bucket frame is made in the form of a box-shaped structure with diagonal connecting elements. 11. APDC according to claims 1-10, characterized in that the bucket knife is made multi-section, at least in three sections, and the outer sections can be installed and fixed at an angle to the middle section.

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