RU2791279C1 - Communication complex of a mobile object containing an aircraft terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: airborne radio communication systems for data exchange with air and ground subscribers.

SUBSTANCE: communication complex for a mobile object is proposed, containing an aviation terminal of an automatic unified communication system, connected via a common aircraft main data bus, controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of a single cockpit onboard equipment of an aircraft, with an onboard set of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor, an onboard set of console equipment, a set of indicators for sighting, navigation and flight information and a computer system, which are part of the cockpit on-board equipment of the aircraft. The aviation terminal also contains two antenna-feeder paths with antennas, while the transceiver device contains a synthesizer device connected to local multiplex communication lines of two-way interaction, it also contains an encryption device, a channel processor, a speech conversion device, a time storage device, a signal processor, a terminal a processor connected to a common aircraft data bus, the antennas of the aviation terminal are connected by radio to the corresponding antennas of other aviation terminals.

EFFECT: increase in the noise immunity of data exchange between subscribers when the aircraft (AC) performs manoeuvres by reducing the probability of error in case of loss of communication due to the shading of the direction of the aircraft antenna aimed at the called subscriber by the aircraft glider.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to airborne communication complexes providing data exchange with air and ground subscribers.

Known on-board equipment radiotelemetry (telephone and telecode) communications as part of the weapons control system (SUV) of the fighter [1].

As part of the on-board set of equipment for radio telemetry (telephone and telecode) communication, its modules are connected to each other through a common aircraft data bus (MSD) controlled by the aircraft computer system.

The on-board set of equipment for radio telemetry (telephone and telecode) communications is designed for information support of a fighter by receiving data from the command post of a ground (air) automated control (guidance) system and for communicating with fighters equipped with similar equipment when they interact in a group (groups) with registration and storage of information.

The on-board set of radiotelemetry communication equipment includes a transceiver device connected by an input through an encoder and an output through a decoder of radio signals to a computer system and two inputs connected to signal converters into digital form, a software device for frequency tuning of a transceiver device connected by its output to a transceiver device and inputs to two converters signals into digital form and to a computer system. A control panel with two flip switches is required to set the operating modes of radio telemetry and the rank of a fighter in group interaction. The target distribution panel is equipped with buttons for entering and canceling tasks transmitted via radio telemetry, and a type-setting field for these tasks. The tactical situation indicator serves to reproduce the results of the exchange of information and tasks. Control and target distribution panels are equipped with converters of their output signals into digital form. The tactical situation indicator is digital-to-analogue converter and all three devices are connected to the computer system.

The disadvantages of analog are:

- the onboard set of radio telemetry equipment does not include an antenna-feeder system, therefore, it is impossible to provide communication with other subscribers, and even if there is one antenna on board, there may be a loss of communication due to the glider of the aircraft (LA) shading the direction to the called subscriber;

- low efficiency of radio data exchange due to the low rate of transmission / reception of information in radio telemetry channels of interacting fighters;

- low noise immunity and secrecy of the transmitted information, due to the use of narrow-band signals and signals with slow frequency jumps in the radio telemetry communication system.

The fighter's weapons control system includes:

- multifunctional airborne radar station;

- optical-electronic (in a particular case, television) sighting system;

- onboard set of guidance equipment, onboard set of navigation equipment together with flight information sensors;

- a computer system associated with said equipment;

- an on-board set of indicators of sighting, navigation and flight information connected to a computer system, a tactical situation indicator (ITO) similarly included in the scheme;

- transmitting and receiving device of the system of radio telemetric communication with SUVs of other fighters;

- a software device for frequency tuning of the transceiver connected to it, included by its own inputs to the computing system, an encoder that connects the computing system with the transmitting unit of the transceiver;

- a decoder that connects the receiving unit of the transceiver with the computer system;

- a control panel connected by the outputs of its forming biscuit switches "OPERATING MODE" and "WHO AM I" with analog signals through a signal converter to the computer system and blocks, a similarly switched on target distribution panel with a signal converter, buttons "GR", "INPUT", "RESET" "and a type-setting field containing numbered rows of buttons for selecting attacked targets and fighters assigned to this, a digital-to-analog converter connected to the computer system by the input and to the ITO by the output;

- aviation terminal (AT) of the automated system for integrated communications, navigation and data exchange (OSNOD), connected by its input to the software device of the onboard set of radio telemetry equipment, and by its outputs / inputs - to the computer system of the SUV of the fighter.

The aviation terminal is a data processing unit with a transceiver device, structurally and functionally executed as an integral part of a set of radio telemetry equipment, endowed with its own address for its identification in the composition of the radio-electronic equipment by the fighter's weapons control system and interacting with it with its inputs / outputs according to protocols information-logical interface. The data processing unit is connected to the computing VCS through a local multiplex data bus or a multiplex common aircraft main data bus and includes a computing module for generating and processing messages - a terminal processor connected through an encryption device to a computing module for forming and processing channels - a channel processor and with a device speech conversion and with a time storage device connected to the channel processor, which, in turn, interacts with the signal generation and processing device - the signal processor. The transceiver is connected to the data processing unit and ensures the reception of signals from the radio channel for subsequent transmission to the data processing unit and the transmission of signals coming from the data processing unit to the radio channel, it includes:

- a synthesizer device that generates into the receiving and transmitting devices the frequencies necessary for receiving and transmitting radio signals coming through the antenna switch associated with the radio channel. The aviation terminal provides the possibility of simultaneous and independent operation of aircraft in several information networks (IS) at once:

- in the network of the review of the operational-tactical situation (IS OTO);

- in the tactical group management network (IS GR);

- in the joint group management network (IS OG);

- in the network of interaction with the control point (IS PU).

The fighter's weapon control system includes a multifunctional airborne radar and optoelectronic, for example, a television, sighting system, an onboard set of guidance equipment and an onboard set of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor, a set of sighting, navigation and flight information indicators, as well as a computer system associated with the listed devices and with an on-board set of radio telemetric communication equipment, including a transceiver connected by an input through an encoder and an output through a radio signal decoder to a computer system and two other inputs connected to signal converters to digital form, a software device for frequency tuning of the transceiver connected by its output to a transceiver and inputs to two digitizers and to a computer system, a control panel with two hard switches for setting operating modes of radio telemetry and the rank of a fighter in group interaction, a target distribution panel with buttons for entering and canceling tasks transmitted via radio telemetry and a type-setting field for these tasks, an indicator of the tactical situation for reproducing the results of information exchange and tasks. At the same time, the control and target distribution panels are equipped with converters of their output signals into digital form, and the tactical situation indicator with a digital-to-analog converter and all three devices are connected via a local multiplex communication line with a computer system and an aviation terminal of an automatic system for unified communications, navigation and data exchange, a connected input to the software device of the on-board set of radiotelemetry communication equipment for receiving terminal control commands via the local multiplex communication line, and outputs/inputs to the computer system for transmitting/receiving signals of interaction of the terminal with the fighter’s own radio-electronic equipment via local multiplex communication lines. The aviation terminal of the automatic unified communication system is connected by its inputs/outputs to a common aircraft main data bus controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of the unified cockpit avionics of the fighter.

Known fighter weapons control system, which is taken as a prototype [2]. The system includes a multifunctional airborne radar and optoelectronic, for example, a television, sighting system, an onboard set of guidance equipment and an onboard set of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor, a set of sighting, navigation and flight information indicators, as well as a computer system associated with the listed devices and with an on-board set of radiotelemetry communication equipment, including a transceiver device connected by an input through an encoder and an output through a radio signal decoder to a computer system and two other inputs connected to signal converters to digital form, a program device for frequency tuning of the transceiver device, connected by its output to the transceiver device and inputs to two signal converters to digital form and to a computer system, a control panel with two hard switches for setting the operating modes of the radio telemetry and the rank of a fighter in group interaction, a target distribution panel with buttons for entering and canceling tasks transmitted via radio telemetry, and a typesetting field for these tasks, an indicator of the tactical situation for reproducing the results of information exchange and tasks, while the control and target distribution panels are equipped with converters for their output signals into digital form, and the tactical situation indicator is digital-to-analog converter and all three devices are connected to the computer system, as well as the cockpit on-board equipment of the fighter, including the on-board set of guidance equipment and the on-board set of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor, a set of sighting, navigation indicators and flight information, a computer system associated with the listed devices and with an on-board set of radio telemetric communication equipment - an aviation terminal, an automatic unified communication system. The aviation terminal is connected by its inputs/outputs to a common aircraft main data bus, controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of the fighter’s unified cockpit on-board equipment and including a data processing unit with a transceiver device, structurally and functionally executed as an integral part of the radio telemetry equipment set , endowed with its own address for its identification as part of the electronic equipment of the fighter and interacting with it with its inputs / outputs according to the protocols of information and logical interface. The data processing unit is connected to the SUV computing system via a local multiplex data bus or a multiplex common aircraft main data bus and includes a computing module for generating and processing messages - a terminal processor connected through an encryption device to a computing module for generating and processing channels - a channel processor, with a speech conversion device and with a time storage device connected to the channel processor, which, in turn, interacts with the signal generation and processing device - the signal processor. The transceiver device is connected to the data processing unit and ensures the reception of signals from the radio channel for subsequent transmission to the data processing unit and the transmission of signals coming from the data processing unit to the radio channel, it includes a synthesizer device that generates the frequencies necessary for receiving and transmitting devices for receiving and transmitting radio signals coming through the antenna switch connected to the radio channel. The aviation terminal of the automatic unified communication system is connected by its inputs/outputs to a common aircraft main data bus controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of the unified cockpit avionics of the fighter.

The aviation terminal provides the possibility of simultaneous and independent operation of aircraft in several information networks (IS) at once:

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- in the presence of one antenna, it will not be possible to organize communication due to shading during maneuvers by the glider of the aircraft in the direction of the called subscriber [3];

- the terminal is intended exclusively for a fighter aircraft and cannot be installed on other aircraft: drones, helicopters, ground control posts, etc.

EFFECT: increased noise immunity of data exchange between subscribers when an aircraft (LA) performs maneuvers by reducing the probability of error in case of loss of communication due to the shading of the direction of the aircraft antenna towards the called subscriber by the aircraft glider.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the communication complex of a mobile object, containing an aviation terminal of an automatic unified communication system, connected via a common aircraft data bus, controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of a single cockpit on-board equipment of an aircraft, with an onboard navigation kit equipment with a flight information sensor, an on-board set of console equipment, a set of sighting, navigation and flight information indicators and a computer system, which are part of the aircraft on-board equipment, and the aviation terminal includes an aviation terminal data processing unit, a transceiver, structurally and functionally executed as an integral part of the set of equipment for radio telemetry, the aviation terminal additionally contains two antenna-feeder paths with antennas, while the transceiver the device comprises a synthesizer device connected to local multiplex communication lines of two-way interaction, a receiving and transmitting device and the first antenna switch, which is connected through the second antenna switch to two parallel chains, each of which consists of an antenna-feeder path and an antenna, and the corresponding outputs of the first antenna switch of the switch are connected to the inputs of the receiving and transmitting devices, the data processing unit of the aviation terminal contains an encryption device, a channel processor, a speech conversion device, a time storage device, a signal processor, a terminal processor connected to the common aircraft trunk data bus, and a control device for the second antenna switch, connected by two-way communications with the second antenna switch of the transceiver device, the antennas of the aviation terminal are connected over the air with corresponding antennas of other aviation terminals.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a communication complex of a mobile object containing an aviation terminal of an automatic unified communication system, shows how the antennas of the aviation terminal are connected by radio with the corresponding antennas of other aviation terminals, and it is indicated:

1 - cabin on-board equipment of the aircraft;

2 - common aircraft main data bus (local multiplex data bus);

3 - data processing unit, which includes:

3.1 - computing module for generating and processing messages (terminal processor);

3.2 - encryption device;

3.3 - computing module for the formation and processing of channels (channel processor);

3.4 - speech conversion device;

3.5 - time storage device;

3.6 - signal generation and processing device - signal processor;

3.7 - control device for the second antenna switch 4.5;

4 - transceiver, structurally and functionally executed as an integral part of a set of radio telemetric communication equipment, which includes:

4.1 - the device of synthesizers;

4.2 - receiving device;

4.3 - transmitting device;

4.4 - the first antenna switch;

4.5 - second antenna switch;

5 - local lines of multiplex communication between the nodes of the aviation terminal 10;

6 and 7 - the first and second antenna-feeder paths; 8 and 9 - the first and second antennas;

10 - aviation terminal of the automatic unified communication system;

11 - radio;

12 - on-board set of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor;

13 - onboard set of console equipment;

14 set of indicators for sighting, navigation and flight information;

15 - computing system.

The aviation terminal 10 plays the role of an intelligent radio controlled by the computing module 3.1 for generating and processing messages (terminal processor) of the terminal data processing unit 3 for solving the problems of processing and converting signals, and the computing system 15 for solving operational and tactical tasks.

The aviation terminal contains a data processing unit 3, a transceiver 4, structurally and functionally made as an integral part of the radiotelemetry communication equipment set, endowed with its own address for its identification as part of the aircraft radio-electronic equipment. AT interacts with the computer system 15 on the local multiplex bus 2 data in accordance with the protocols of information and logic pairing.

The data processing unit 3 is connected to the computing system 15 via a local multiplex data bus 2 and includes a computing module 3.1 for generating and processing messages (terminal processor) connected via local multiplex communication lines 5 for the interaction of terminal nodes with an encryption device 3.2, with a computing module 3.3 channel shaping and processing (channel processor), with a speech conversion device 3.4, with a time storage device 3.5 connected via lines 5 to a channel processor 3.3, which, in turn, interacts via lines 5 with a signal processor 3.6, as well as with a device 3.7 control of the second antenna switch 4.5.

The transceiver device 4 includes a synthesizer device 4.1 connected via lines 5, a receiving 4.2 and a transmitting device 4.3, the first antenna switch 4.4 connected to the second antenna switch 4.5, which in turn is connected to the control device 3.7 and the first and second antenna feeder paths 6 and 7.

The transceiver 4 is connected to the data processing unit 3 via lines 5 and provides reception of radio signals from the radio air 11 through nodes 8 and 6, 4.5, 4.4 or 9 and 7, 4.5, 4.4 for subsequent transmission to the data processing unit 3 and signal transmission, coming from the data processing unit 3 through lines 5, converting them into radio signals and broadcasting them through a chain of nodes 4.4, 4.5, 6, 8 or 4.4, 4.5, 7, 9 into radio air 11.

The synthesizer device 4.1 generates radio signals in the receiving 4.2 and transmitting 4.3 devices with frequencies specified by the computing module 3.1 for generating and processing messages and necessary for receiving and transmitting radio signals coming through a chain of nodes 7, 6, 4.5, 4.4 or 9, 7, 4.5, 4.4 from radio broadcast 11.

Demodulated radio signals in digital form from the computing module 3.1 for generating and processing messages on the bus 2 through the computing system 15 are supplied to a set of 14 indicators of sighting, navigation and flight information for display in a form convenient for the crew. The aviation terminal provides the possibility of simultaneous and independent operation of aircraft simultaneously in several information networks [2]:

- in the network of the review of the operational-tactical situation (IS OTO);

- in the tactical group management network (IS GR);

- in the joint group management network (IS OG);

- in the network of interaction with the control point (IS PU).

The activation of the aviation terminal is carried out at the command of the commander of the combat formation, consisting of m aircraft in the established order. The command to turn on the AT comes from the onboard set of control equipment 13 of the cabin onboard equipment 1 of the aircraft according to the control signal (command) coming from the corresponding information field of the computer system 15. aircraft group by issuing a set of subscriber parameters to it, including [2]:

- own network address in the information network for the review of the operational-tactical situation (IS OTO);

- number of subscribers in (IS GTO);

- number of groups in (IS GR);

- own network address of the fighter in (IS OG);

- number of own group in (IS OG);

- number of subscribers in own group;

- own network address of the fighter in the group;

- operating mode in IS GRT (“ON-OFF”);

- operating mode in IS OG ("ON-OFF");

- operating mode in IS GR ("GROUP-PAIR-OFF").

The slave aircraft from the master aircraft issues a command to switch from the control mode from the command post of the ground (air) automated control system to control by the commands of the master aircraft in the networks of the OSNOD system.

Having received such a message, depending on its rank, signals are generated in the slave aircraft to set up an AT radio network suitable for radio telemetric exchange of information with the master aircraft.

Slave LA can be assigned the task of attacking designated targets by issuing commands from the console equipment 13 in the presence of the crew or automatically from the computer system 15 in real time. The crew can correct the errors of their manipulations by pressing the "RESET" button in the control equipment 13 and repeating the typed task in a new quality [2]. Different positions of the switches in the console equipment 13 in the presence of the crew or when issuing the appropriate commands from the computer system 15 implement the necessary procedures in the settings and information processing programs. On the slave aircraft, part of the control equipment 13 is actually turned off, since such a pilot can only receive tasks [2]. The transmission of all information to the radio air 11 is carried out using radio signals, the formation of which is provided by the data processing unit 3 and the transceiver 4. When receiving, the radio signals are processed in nodes 4, 3 and converted into a digital form characteristic of the operation of AT computing facilities and equipment 1.

The work of the cabin onboard equipment LA 1 with the aviation terminal 10 has a number of features. First, from the console equipment 13 or automatically from the computer system 15, control commands are issued to the AT, including:

- a command to turn on (off) the AT network for the exchange of information in the group;

- own number of the aircraft in the group, corresponding to the number of its own transmitting channel in the network;

- the composition of the listening channels of other aircraft in the group [2].

At the same time, the work of the network subscriber is invariant to the status of the subscriber. In the network, everyone works the same way and the differences are only in the information content of the exchange codegrams. Secondly, the control point network in the AT operates in parallel with the group action network.

Experimental verification of the technical solutions of the aviation terminal in flights on aircraft of the SU 34 type shows that the use of an aviation terminal with nodes 3.7, 4.5, 6 and 8, 7 and 9 introduced makes it possible to increase the reliability of communication when the aircraft performs maneuvers: roll, pitch, slide and others.

This technical solution can be used on all types of aircraft, helicopters and UAVs of the Aerospace Forces, ships of the Navy, mobile command posts of the ground forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

When carrying out aircraft maneuvers, the position of the spatial axes relative to its center of gravity changes. In this case, if there is one antenna on board, there may be a loss of communication due to the shading of the direction of the called subscriber by the aircraft glider. Data on the position of the spatial axes of the aircraft from the onboard set 12 of navigation equipment with a flight information sensor and accurate time signals, for example, GLONASS receivers, a single cockpit on-board equipment 1 through a multiplex common data bus 2, a computing module 3.1 for generating and processing messages (terminal processor ) data processing unit 3, local multiplex communication lines 5 of interaction between terminal nodes are continuously transmitted to control module 3.7 of the second antenna switch. In module 3.7, based on the processing of the received data (assessment of the existing values of roll, pitch, slip, and others) and the known shapes of the radiation patterns of the first and second antennas 8 and 9, the direction to the called subscriber, the problem of choosing the antenna working at a given time is solved. The generated command is sent to the second antenna switch 4.5 to connect the corresponding antenna-feeder path and antennas 6 and 8 or 7 and 9.

Local multiplex lines 5 of the terminal nodes provide interaction, control of operating modes and control of the state of its electronic equipment: nodes 3.1-3.7, 4.1-4.5. They can be implemented based on standard protocols.

Wired connections in lines 5 to improve noise immunity and meet the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility on board can be implemented, for example, based on standard information exchange protocols in accordance with the requirements of ARINC 664 or ARINC 429 [4, 5].

When using the aviation terminal of the automatic unified communication system in unmanned aerial vehicles, the sets of console equipment 13 and indicators 14 can be replaced with a software module for intelligent flight and communication control [6].

A similar terminal can also be installed at the ground control station, with the exception of nodes 4.5, 7 and 9. Then it will be called, for example, a mobile terminal (MT) of an automatic unified communication system. In this case, the first antenna switch 4.4 is connected directly to the first antenna-feeder path 6. To raise the antenna 8 above the ground, you will need to install an antenna-mast device. Control messages to the terminal will come from the multiplex common backbone data bus of the control point, through which reports on the executed command and other information will be returned to the corresponding computer system. In this case, appropriate sets of console, indicator and other equipment of the control center will be used.

Input nodes 4.5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9 can be implemented on serial products, RF cables and antennas of the corresponding range, and module 3.7 - software.

Literature:

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2024818, published 12/15/1994.

2. RF patent for the invention No. 2439461, published on 10.01.2012 Bull. No. 1 (prototype).

3. GOST 24375. Radio communication. Terms and Definitions. - M:. Gosstandart, 1986.

4. K.E. Erglis. Open systems interfaces. - M.: Hotline-Telecom, 2000. - 256 p.

5. A.A. Myachev. Interfaces of computer facilities. Encyclopedic reference book. - M.: Radio and communication, 1993. - 350 p.

6. RF patent for the invention No. 2516686, published on May 20, 2014 Bull. No. 14.

Claims (1)

Communication complex of a mobile object, containing an aviation terminal of an automatic unified communication system, connected via a common aircraft main data bus, controlled by a computer system according to commands coming from the control information field of a single cockpit on-board equipment of an aircraft (LA), with an on-board set of navigation equipment with a flight sensor information, an on-board set of console equipment, a set of indicators for aiming, navigation and flight information and a computer system that are part of the cockpit on-board equipment of the aircraft, moreover, the aviation terminal includes a data processing unit of the aviation terminal, a transceiver device, structurally and functionally executed as a composite part of a set of equipment for radio telemetry, characterized in that the aviation terminal additionally contains two antenna-feeder paths with antennas, while the transceiver contains t connected to the local multiplex communication lines of two-way interaction, the synthesizer device, the receiving and transmitting devices and the first antenna switch, which is connected through the second antenna switch to two parallel chains, each of which consists of an antenna-feeder path and an antenna, and the corresponding outputs of the first antenna switch connected to the inputs of the receiving and transmitting devices, the data processing unit of the aviation terminal contains an encryption device, a channel processor, a speech conversion device, a time storage device, a signal processor, a terminal processor connected to the common aircraft main data bus, connected to the local lines of the multiplex communication of two-way interaction, and a control device for the second antenna switch, connected by two-way communications with the second antenna switch of the transceiver device, the antennas of the aviation terminal are connected by air with the corresponding an tenns of other aviation terminals.

Images