RU2790532C1 - Method for preparing a feed additive for bees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: beekeeping.

SUBSTANCE: method for preparing a feed additive for bees includes the stage of mixing compounds of macro- and micronutrients, as well as protein-, fat-, carbohydrate-, amino acid- and vitamin-containing components, with sugar syrup. Herewith, two compositions of different compositions are prepared, wherein one is prepared by mixing flour with macronutrient compounds, and the other is prepared by dissolving water-soluble vitamins, metal salts — micronutrients, and substances capable of forming chelated complex compounds in a reaction therewith in water. Sodium selenite is later added to the resulting liquid, as well as mixtures of fat-soluble vitamins, oil, and an emulsifier that is not toxic for bees. Prior to using, the resulting compositions are mixed with sugar syrup and later placed in the beehive in separate containers.

EFFECT: higher survival rate of the bees, increasing number of brood and the egg-laying capacity of queen bees, higher honey productivity of bee colonies.

2 cl, 2 ex, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of beekeeping. Its use allows to increase the number of honey bees, the strength and productivity of bee colonies, resistance to adverse factors.

Known top dressing for bees containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, consisting of sugar syrup, to which baker's yeast, cobalt salts, potassium phosphate and magnesium sulfate are added when heated.

This top dressing is mentioned, for example, in the article: A.A. Mosolov "New top dressing for bees" (https://beejoumal.ru/borba-s-boleznyami-i-vreditelyami/1565-novaya-podkormka-dlya-pchel), where its disadvantages are indicated, in particular: low content of easily digestible proteins, vitamins and other substances necessary for the nutrition of bees.

In addition, undesirable chemical reactions between the substances included in its composition are possible.

Known top dressing for bees, taken as a prototype, containing proteins, amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, compounds of macro- and microelements and other substances necessary for the life of bees. The composition of this top dressing includes: honey, powdered sugar, corn germ meal, soybean meal; amino acids, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt sulfate, vitamin Β ₁₂ . (see N.G. Eremey "Increasing the productivity of bee colonies through the use of a complex of protein-vitamin top dressings", Ph.D. dissertation abstract, M., 1986).

The disadvantage of this feed additive (top dressing) is that the substances included in its composition are together and are able to enter into undesirable chemical reactions. It is possible, for example, that reactions occur between certain vitamins and salts of copper or iron, etc.

The disadvantages also include the low digestibility in the body of the bee of inorganic salts of metals, trace elements and vitamins.

In addition, the potential possibility of physiological antagonism of vitamins and microelements entering the bee's body is not taken into account. (This phenomenon in insects is poorly studied, but is well known in animals and plants).

The objective of the proposed invention is to improve the efficiency of the use of food for bees.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the feed additive for bees, containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, macronutrient compounds, microelement compounds, is divided into parts that differ in composition in such a way that the substances contained in them do not enter into chemical reactions with each other. reactions leading to the loss of their biological activity, while parts of the additive are stored in different containers and used to feed the bees separately from each other.

At least one of its parts is liquid and contains an emulsion of fat-soluble vitamins.

The feed additive contains chelate complex compounds of metals - microelements.

The result of using the invention is to increase the survival rate of bees, increase the number of brood and egg production of queen bees, increase the honey productivity of bee colonies.

Prevention of undesirable chemical reactions between compounds of microelements, macroelements, vitamins and excipients is achieved due to the fact that the feed additive is divided into two parts, stored in separate containers, mixed with sugar syrup and given to bees separately.

One part of the feed additive may be liquid, while water-soluble vitamins and trace element compounds are dissolved in it. In addition, fat-soluble vitamins (eg, A, D, E) and/or other water-insoluble organic substances may be present in emulsified form in the same liquid. This solution is also convenient from the point of view of the production technology of the feed additive.

It is expected that the bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins will increase when used in the form of a stable microemulsion. In this form, they should be absorbed more easily and to a greater extent in the gastrointestinal tract of the bee.

Increasing the bioavailability of trace metals can be achieved through the use of their chelate complex compounds. At the same time, non-toxic substances are used to obtain these compounds. The synthesis of chelate complex compounds can be carried out directly during the preparation of the liquid part of the feed additive.

The composition of the second part of the feed additive contains compounds of macronutrients. It is more expedient to use them in dry form, since their dosage is large and a sufficiently large volume of liquid would be required to obtain a solution, in addition, a large amount of preservative would be required to achieve the possibility of storing such a solution. When mixing the dry part of the feed additive with sugar syrup (before use), these substances will dissolve.

In addition, those substances may be included in the dry part of the feed additive, the presence of which in the liquid part of the feed additive is impractical due to the possibility of entering into chemical reactions with other substances used to form undesirable products, or due to the expected competitive or antagonistic effect when included in biochemical processes (in our opinion, theoretically possible).

The invention is used in the following way.

Prepare (separately) parts of the feed additive (liquid and dry), which are stored until use in different containers, and before use they are mixed with separate portions of sugar syrup, which are also placed in the hive in different feeders.

Feed additive for bees is prepared as follows.

1. The preparation of the liquid part includes the dissolution of inorganic salts of trace metals (copper, cobalt, manganese, iron, zinc) in water. Further, the necessary substances (for example, glycerin, lactic acid, etc.) are added to this solution in calculated amounts, capable of reacting with trace metal ions to form chelate complex compounds, the existence of which is possible at different pH values. In solution, complex compounds of different composition can be formed, between which a dynamic chemical equilibrium is established. Next, adjust the pH of the solution to the desired values.

Complex compounds of these metals with the above substances have a rather low stability and should easily decompose after entering the cells, releasing metal ions, which will be included in metabolic processes.

Further, compounds of non-metal microelements (for example, potassium iodide, sodium selenite) and water-soluble vitamins (for example, B vitamins, vitamin C, etc.) are added to the solution.

Then, a composition containing fat-soluble vitamins, as well as an oil base, an emulsifier and other excipients, is added to this liquid (solution). This forms a microemulsion. The small (less than 1 micron) size of emulsion micelles should contribute to better absorption of emulsified substances in the bee's body. These substances must be non-toxic to bees and not affect their behavior.

A preservative that meets the same requirements is also added to the composition of this liquid.

2. The preparation of the dry part of the feed additive (top dressing) is carried out by mixing dry substances containing macroelements (for example, calcium monohydrophosphate, calcium propionate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride or sulfate). In addition, the composition may include flour (for example, soy or chickpea) as a source of proteins, amino acids, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients. The composition of this part of the feed additive may include some vitamins and compounds of certain microelements, the introduction of which into the liquid part is impractical due to the possibility of reactions with other components or the possibility of physiological (biochemical) antagonism. The formulation of the feed additive for bees may have, for example, the following form (see tables 1 and 2):

Table 1 provides a general list of substances needed to prepare the liquid portion of the feed additive. It includes the substances used to prepare the solution, as well as the components of the composition, when mixed with this solution, a microemulsion of vitamins A, D, E is obtained).

When using soy flour, 100 g of the dry part of the feed additive (top dressing) for bees contains 9.52 g of proteins, 5.126 g of fats and 7.2 g of carbohydrates, and when using chickpea flour: 5.468 g of proteins, 1.636 g of fats and 11.474 g of carbohydrates .

Examples of the use of the invention.

Example 1

A study was conducted on 2 groups of bees (in each group, 10 bee colonies). Bee colonies were selected into groups according to the principle of pairs of analogues, taking into account their productivity and strength. Top dressing was carried out in spring after wintering of bees in the second half of April.

1 group of bees received a feed additive (feeding) in the following dosage for each hive: part No. 1 - 0.5 ml per 0.5 liters of sugar syrup and part No. 2 - 1 g per 0.5 liters of sugar syrup.

Group 2 of bees was the control and received sugar syrup without feed additives (feeding).

Portions of sugar syrup (0.5 l each) with different parts of top dressing were in each hive in two different feeders. Both feeders were placed in the hive at the same time. The feeders were in the hives for three days, while the syrup was completely used up by the bees. During the experiment, the following indicators were evaluated. 1) Growth dynamics of bee colonies with an interval of 12 days (average number of brood, hundreds of cells; average egg production of queen bees, eggs/day). The average number of brood was determined by the method of Malkov V.V. (1985) - according to the number of cells occupied by brood, using a grid frame (5x5 cm square includes 100 cells of bee brood). By determining the number of brood in squares, multiplying it by 100 and dividing by 12, the average egg production of the uterus per day for the previous 12 days was determined.

2) The volume of production from a bee colony (commercial and gross honey, kg) obtained during the honey collection period in July 2021. The yield of commercial honey was determined by weighing on a scale. The results obtained are presented in tables 3-5.

Table 3 shows that at the time of feeding, there was no significant difference in the number of brood and egg production of queen bees. However, already 12 days after feeding, a significant difference was revealed between the studied groups. Thus, the difference between the experimental and control groups was 14.4 hundreds of cells, or 36.64%, which indicates an increase in the egg production of the queen bee (P<0.001).

24 days after feeding, there is a difference in the number of brood in favor of the experimental group over the control group in the amount of 45.4 hundreds of cells, or 53.04%.

When determining the average number of brood after 36 days, it reached 102.0 ± 7.23 hundred cells in the control group, and 167.3 ± 11.3 hundred cells in the experimental group, the difference being 65.3 hundred cells (64, 02%).

A similar trend developed for the daily egg production of the queen bee. So, already 12 days after feeding, the indicator in the experimental group prevailed by 36.42% compared to the control, after 24 days the indicators corresponded to 52.92% compared to the control. After 36 days - by 63.69% (P<0.001).

When conducting research on the amount of marketable honey from bee colonies of the experimental group, it was shown that more honey was obtained by 12.0 kg, or 59.1% (P<0.001) than from bee colonies of the control group.

Example 2

An experiment was carried out according to exactly the same scheme, where the bees received a 2-fold lower dosage of top dressing compared to example 1 (for each hive: part No. 1 - 0.25 ml per 0.5 liters of sugar syrup and part No. 2 - 0, 5 g per 0.5 liter of sugar syrup).

The experimental group included 10 bee colonies. The productivity and strength of the colonies were the same as in example 1. The control group was the same as in example 1. The experiment was carried out simultaneously with the experiment described in example 1. The evaluation of the results was carried out similarly. The following results were obtained, which are reflected in tables 6-8.

Table 6 shows that at the time of feeding, there was no significant difference in the number of brood and egg production of queen bees. However, already 12 days after feeding, a significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups - 2.7 hundred cells, or 6.9%, which indicates an increase in the egg-laying ability of the uterus (P<0.001).

After 24 days, the average number of brood in the experimental group was higher by 16.7 hundreds of cells (19.5%) compared to the control (P<0.001).

After 36 days, the average number of brood in the experimental group was higher by 16.7 hundred cells (16.4%) compared to the control (P<0.001).

A similar trend developed for the daily egg production of the uterus (see table 7). So, already 12 days after feeding, the indicator in the experimental group was 6.77%, respectively. After 24 days, the indicator exceeded the control by 19.46%. After 36 days - by 16.34% (P<0.001).

Marketable honey from the bee colonies of the experimental group was obtained by 1.7 kg (8.37%) more than from the bee colonies of the control group.

Since the studies described in examples 1 and 2 were carried out simultaneously and under the same conditions, it will be correct to compare the results obtained in the experimental groups.

The average number of brood in the experimental group in example 1 was higher than in example 2. 12 days after receiving top dressing, the difference was 11.7 hundred cells (27.85%), after 24 days - 28.7 hundred cells (28.05 %) and after 36 days - 48.7 hundreds of cells (40.94%) (P<0.001). The average egg production of queens in the experimental group after 36 days from the moment of feeding the feed additive in example 1 was 40.70% higher compared to example 2. The average amount of marketable honey obtained from the experimental groups of bees in example 1 was 10.3 kg (46.81%) is higher compared to example 2. Thus, the estimated indicators were higher when using top dressing at the dosage used in example 1.

Claims (2)

1. A method for preparing a feed additive for bees, including mixing compounds of macroelements and microelements, components containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins with sugar syrup, characterized in that two compositions differing in composition are prepared, one of which is prepared by mixing flour and compounds of macroelements, and the other - by dissolving water-soluble vitamins, metal salts - microelements and substances capable of forming chelate complex compounds when reacting with them, then adding sodium selenite to this liquid, as well as a mixture of fat-soluble vitamins, oil and non-toxic for bees emulsifier, the resulting compositions are mixed with sugar syrup before use and then placed in a beehive in separate containers. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that potassium iodide is added to the liquid.