RU2790132C1 - Sieve unit for seed pre-sowing treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cleaning and processing crop seeds. The device for pre-sowing treatment of seeds contains a sieve with a cell size smaller than the size of the seeds, driving it into oscillatory movements, a hopper for supplying seeds to the sieve, a fan with two channels formed, an air duct located at the bottom of the sieve, and a tray for collecting treated seeds. For external drying of seeds saturated with water and subsequent application of a protective coating of fusible material on a sieve, the under-screen space is divided into two zones by air duct channels. One of the zones, starting from the place where seeds are fed to the sieve, is designed to supply heated air for external drying of seeds in a stream of heated air. Another zone is for cooling the protective coating applied to the seeds, after their drying, melted in an additional tank, with the help of one or more sprayers installed above the sieve of this zone. At the same time, air is supplied in this zone without heating it. In the upper part of the channel supplying air for cooling the seed coating, a cavity is formed under the sieve, separated from the channel by a grate with the possibility of collecting a part of the protective coating material drops that have passed through the sieve cells and draining them into a tank for subsequent heating and pumping to the nozzle.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the germination of seeds and their development in arid climatic conditions.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cleaning and processing crop seeds.

A device for separating grain material into fractions, containing a sieve mill, a hopper, an air-cleaning part with a fan and a tray for collecting the processed product, which cleans the grain on a sieve mill [patent No. 2183514 V07V 4/08; A01F 12/44. Device for separating grain material into fractions / Perm State Agricultural Academy. acad. D.N. Pryanishnikov. Appl. 2000127688 dated 11/03/2000. Bull. No. 17].

The disadvantage of the known design is the impossibility of combining in one device the technological operations of external drying of water-saturated seeds and applying a protective coating on them when preparing them for sowing in arid conditions.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a device for separating a grain mixture, containing a sieve with a louvered wall installed under it, a feeding mechanism for supplying a grain mixture, a fan, two air ducts, one of which is connected to the under-screen space, and the other to the over-screen aspiration channel [patent No. 2196011 V07V 4/02; A01F 12/44. A device for separating a grain mixture / Vyatka State Agricultural Academy: N.P. Sychugov, V.E. Sites. Appl. 2001102696/03 of 01/29/2001. Published 01/10/2003. Bull. No. 1].

Its disadvantage is the processing of seeds in a stream of cold air, which complicates the external drying of water-saturated seeds. This device also lacks mechanisms for applying a protective coating to the surface of seeds before sowing in arid climate conditions.

The purpose of the invention is to create conditions that ensure, within the movement of water-saturated seeds on a sieve mill, their external drying and subsequent coating with a moisture-proof film of fusible material, which contributes to an increase in germination, plant development and yield.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, containing a sieve with a drive mechanism, a hopper for supplying seeds to a sieve, a fan, air supply channels under the sieve and a collection tray for treated seeds, the under-screen space is divided into two zones by air duct channels. One of these zones, starting from the place where the seeds are fed to the sieve, is intended for external drying of seeds in a stream of heated air, and the other is for cooling the protective coating applied to the seeds after their drying, melted in an additional tank, with the help of one zone installed above the sieve of this zone. or multiple sprayers. Coating material such as paraffin or wax. To cool the applied coating, air is supplied to the air duct channel under this zone without heating it, and in its upper part, under the sieve, a cavity is formed, separated from the channel by a grate with the possibility of collecting a part of the coating material drops that have passed through the sieve cells and draining it into a tank for subsequent heating and pumping to the nozzle.

The invention is illustrated by drawing (Fig. 1). It shows a diagram of a device for pre-sowing treatment of water-saturated seeds.

The device for pre-sowing seed treatment contains a sieve 1 with cells 2 with dimensions smaller than the size of the treated seeds, a sieve drive 3 in oscillatory motion, a hopper 4 for supplying seeds to the sieve, a fan 5 formed by channels 6 and 7 with dampers 8 and 9, an air duct for supplying atmospheric air under a sieve 1, a sprayer 10 of the seed protective coating material, a tank 11 with a heater 12 and a container 13 for feeding the coating material into it, a pump 14, a pipeline 15 for supplying the molten coating material to the sprayer 10 or a group of sprayers, and a tray 16 for collecting treated seeds. The sieve 1 has suspensions 17 and 18. Channels 6 and 7 of the air duct are installed under the sieve 1 with the formation of a zone A for external drying of seeds under it and a zone B for applying a protective coating on them. The channel 6 is equipped with a heater 19, and in the channel 7 a cavity 20 is formed under zone B of the sieve 1 with an inclined wall 21, and the cavity 20 is separated from the channel 7 by a lattice partition 22 and connected by a pipeline 23 to a tank 11 for the seed coating material melted with the help of the heater 12.

The device for pre-sowing seed treatment works as follows.

For pre-sowing treatment, the seeds pre-saturated with water from the hopper 4 are fed to the oscillating sieve 1 with the help of the drive 3, fixed in the suspensions 17 and 18. The seeds on the surface of zone A of the oscillating sieve 1 are blown with a stream of warm air supplied by the fan 5 through the heater 19 at a speed lower than the speed sowing of seeds, and are dried externally, proceeding further to zone B of the sieve. Here, the seeds, passing the spray torch 24, are covered on the outside with a film of the coating material, for example, paraffin or wax, which is facilitated by vibrations of the seeds with separation from the plane of the sieve 1. The cooling of the film coating of the seeds is facilitated by the flow of cold air supplied under the sieve 1 in the seed treatment zone after which the treated seeds are fed into the pallet 16 for their collection and accumulation before being sent for sowing. The remains of the liquid coating material that have passed through the cells 2 of the sieve 1 enter the cavity 20 of the channel 7 and, flowing down the inclined wall 21 and through the pipeline 23, are fed into the tank 11, where they are again heated by the heater 12 and pumped by the pump 14 through the pipeline 15 under pressure to the atomizer 10. The air flows in channels 6 and 7 are regulated by the position of the shutters 8 and 9.

The use of the proposed device for pre-sowing seed treatment provides an in-line technology for preliminary external drying of seeds and covering them with a moisture-protective layer, which reduces labor and cost, increases seed germination and plant development when sown in dry conditions and improves crop yields.

Claims (1)

A device for pre-sowing seed treatment, containing a sieve with a mesh size smaller than the size of the seeds, driving it into oscillatory movements, a hopper for supplying seeds to the sieve, a fan with two channels formed, an air duct located at the bottom of the sieve, and a tray for collecting treated seeds, characterized in that that for external drying of water-saturated seeds and subsequent application of a protective coating of fusible material on the sieve, the under-sieve space is divided by air duct channels into two zones, one of which, starting from the place where the seeds are fed to the sieve, is designed to supply heated air for external drying of seeds in a stream of heated air, and the other - for cooling the protective coating applied to the seeds, after their drying, melted in an additional tank, using one or more sprayers installed above the sieve of this zone, and in this zone the air is supplied without heating it, and in upper part of the channel supplying air for cooling the coating with under the sieve, a cavity is formed, separated from the channel by a grate with the possibility of collecting a part of the protective coating material drops that have passed through the sieve cells and draining them into a tank for subsequent heating and pumping to the nozzle.

Images