RU2789565C1 - Trailer for transporting on a tractor frame - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport engineering, in particular to suspension trolley carriers. A tractor frame trailer contains a bottom frame with a rear beam. A vertically oriented sheet element with mounting holes for fixing the towbar hitch of the tractor is installed in the rear beam of the lower frame of the trailer. Fastening elements for rigid mutual fixation of the trailer frame in the counter fastening elements designed on the upper part of the tractor frame are installed in the lower part of the lower trailer frame.

EFFECT: invention provides for mobility, acceleration and convenience of towbar hitch coupling and a simultaneous reduction of longitudinal dimensions.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering, in particular to lifting devices with overhead carts.

Various designs of automatic couplings of vehicles using towbars are known.

This is how a hitch is known, which includes a frame, pins, a bracket and a lever with a rope (Utility Model RF No. 94934, IPC B61G 1/02, publ. 20.07.2011). A tow bar is additionally mounted on the axle with the possibility of changing its working and transport positions. The automatic coupler includes a frame welded from two square pipes, pins, a bracket and a lever with a rope. With the help of interchangeable pins, with different pin diameters, the frame is attached to the longitudinal rods of the tractor linkage mechanism. In addition to the base of the frame, two yokes are welded. An axle is installed in the yoke and tightened with bolts. To prevent displacement of the sleeve in the transverse direction, restrictive clamps are installed on the axle on both sides. A bushing with a clearance is installed on the axle, a channel with a fixed towbar is welded to it, which can be transferred from the transport to the working position (by 180 °) for aggregation of mounted and semi-mounted machines.

The disadvantage of this automatic coupler is that the towbar can be installed in only one working and one transport position. This makes it difficult to attach various agricultural machines to the tractor.

Known coupler (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 118923, IPC B60D 1/01, B60D 1/14, B61G 1/02. / publ. 10.08.2012), which includes a frame welded from two square pipes, fingers, a bracket and a lever with a rope . With the help of interchangeable pins, the frame is attached to the longitudinal rods of the tractor linkage mechanism. In addition, two yokes are attached to the base of the frame. An axle is installed in the yoke and tightened with bolts. To prevent displacement of the sleeve in the transverse direction, restrictive clamps are installed on the axle on both sides. A bushing with a fixed towbar is installed on the axle. Slots are cut on the right and left ends of the axle. Slots of the same size are cut on the inner surfaces of the component parts of the yokes.

The disadvantage of this automatic coupling is that when working with traction-driven units, the movement of the tractor hitch with the power take-off shaft (PTO) in the vertical plane is limited, as well as the limited length of the cardan shaft of the agricultural machine, this does not allow attaching the latter to the tractor PTO.

Known coupler (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 154610, IPC B60D 1/00, B60D 1/14, published: 27.08.2015). The technical result in the form of increasing the productivity of the unit is achieved by the fact that in the known automatic coupler, which includes a frame, pins, a bracket, a lever with a rope, a yoke with a splined axle, bushings, a bracket is fixed on the frame, consisting of two equal parts, between which is placed support bearing with an intermediate splined shaft installed in its inner race, with the possibility of attaching the power take-off shaft of the tractor and the driving working bodies of the agricultural machine to it.

A rear hitch of a tractor of a fire unit is known, comprising an upper axle, on which a hollow shaft is fixed with the possibility of rotation around it with lifting levers rigidly mounted on it and with a central link pivotally mounted by means of a bushing, a lower axle for mounting a hydraulic hook and lower rods on it, which are pivotally connected by braces with lifting arms, in which, in order to reduce labor costs for the installation and dismantling of mounted and trailed implements, the hydraulic hook is installed on the lower axle together with the lower rods, and the central rod has a length equal to 0.43-0.45 of the length of the lower rods, with at the same time, a device for fixing the mounted implement in the transport position is rigidly installed on the sleeve; the fixation device is made in the form of cheeks with holes located on both sides of the central rod, equipped with a pin (SU, author's certificate No. 969184, class A01B 59/042, 1982).

The disadvantages of the described device include the fact that when hitching a mounted crane-manipulator it is impossible in the working and transport position on the hydraulic hook to transport, for example, a tractor trailer for moving goods. This limits the functionality and operational capabilities of the described object.

A single-axle trailer with lifting equipment is also known, in which, in order to expand operational capabilities by increasing the stability of the trailer during the operation of lifting equipment and maneuverability, the free end of the rotary axle is pivotally connected to a hydraulic cylinder associated with the frame, while the frame has a rotary axle position lock; the rotary axis is made with an annular groove with the possibility of interacting with the rod associated with the latch (SU, author's certificate No. 1221018, class B62D 63/06, V60R 1/54, 3/28, V66S 23/44, 1986).

The disadvantages of single-axle trailed lifting equipment include excessive design complexity, insufficient service area, low load capacity and limited stability.

Known cantilever crane containing a support column, a bearing console with a lifting mechanism and a swivel joint, in which a brake device is mounted, consisting of a sleeve with brake tracks interacting with the tracks of the brake elements, in which, in order to ensure the regulation of the braking force of the console, depending on the weight of the moving load, the braking elements are made in the form of rings of triangular cross section, and the braking device is equipped with wedge-shaped pushers installed with the possibility of radial movement, interacting with the indicated rings (SU, author's certificate No. 630205, class B66C 23/44, 1978).

The disadvantages of the described jib crane, despite the fact that it has a large service area, is its stationarity.

Known console crane containing a column, a bearing console, a telescopic boom with a lifting mechanism and hydraulic consoles and booms (GB, patent No.

The disadvantages of the described jib crane, despite its large service area, is the stationarity of its position.

Known crane mounted on the chassis of the vehicle (truck) between the cab and the body, provided on the upper cut of the fixed part of the column with a turning mechanism, an arrow, a handle, a telescopic beam with a lifting device, their hydraulic drives and a support beam with outriggers (FR, patent No. 2559141, class B66C 23/44, 1985).

The disadvantages of the described crane-manipulator include the fact that its installation on the vehicle chassis requires a subframe and an additional hydraulic station to control the hydraulic drives of the column, boom, handle and telescopic beam.

A mounted tractor loader is known, including a swivel boom with links movable from hydraulic cylinders and stops on the ground, in which, in order to increase the stability of the tractor relative to its longitudinal and transverse axis when lifting heavy loads on a large shoulder, the stops are made of rods that form triangular trusses with the levers of the tractor hydraulic system , changing the shoulders and their position through the hydraulic system of the tractor (SU, copyright No. 124745, class B66C 23/44, 1959).

The disadvantages of the described mounted tractor loader include limited carrying capacity.

A tractor loader is also known, the column of which is mounted by means of an adapter plate and vertical axes on the rear axle of the tractor (GB, patent No. 827598, class A01D 87/00, B66C 23/44, 1960).

The disadvantages of the described loader include high labor intensity during installation, the need to re-equip the tractor, low load capacity and a limited service area.

A device for loading and unloading railway platforms for a truck with swap bodies is known (useful model RU No. 167267, IPC V60R 1/44, published: 12/27/2016), which contains a transport machine, a traction element, at least two support sections with rollers, made with the possibility of individual lifting and lowering, mounted on the frame, while the traction element is a special chain stretched under the bottom and made with the possibility of engaging with an asterisk mounted on the tail of the frame and having a drive from one of the power units of the transport machine, while the frame of the transport the machine is made with the possibility of detachable fastening of the response frame carrying the load, the chain of the traction device is made with the possibility of engaging the specified response frame, and the drive of the support sections with rollers is made in the form of air bags. The frame of the van can be equipped with towbars at the front and rear. When the transport vehicle 1 brings the next van 9 (or other body) unloaded onto the platform, it is connected to the first one through the tow bar, and when colliding, the next van 9 pushes the previous one. No more than 2 vans 9 are loaded onto one railway platform.

The disadvantages of the described device include the use of an intermediate tow bar, which is not acceptable in the crane industry with overhead trucks.

Known crane-mounted on the chassis of the vehicle (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2274559, IPC V60R 1/54, V66S 23/44, published: 20.04.2006), containing equipped with a mechanism for turning around the vertical axis of the movable part, located in the fixed part , a column connected to a successively mounted and pivotally connected boom and a knee with a telescopic rod with a load gripping body located at its end, their hydraulic drives for moving in vertical and horizontal planes, outriggers installed with the ability to move in vertical and horizontal planes, and a drive for moving outriggers , the drive of the mechanism for turning the moving part of the column, the drive for lifting the boom, the drive for turning the knee and the drive for extending the telescopic rod in the form of power hydraulic cylinders connected by hydraulic lines to the tank and the control panel. The fixed part 5 of the column 6 is placed on the axes 16 and 17 of the hydraulic system of the vehicle 2. Provided with the possibility of dismantling from the axles 16, 17, the lower fixed part 5 of the column 6 is mounted on the lower axle 16 between the lower rods 18 and 19 of the hydraulic system to connect any s.- X. machine through the bracket 20 of the automatic hitch or towbar. The fixed part 5 of the column 6 is connected by a V-shaped bracket 21 with the upper axis 17 of the hydraulic system in such a way that its central upper link 22 is located in the longitudinal vertical plane of symmetry of the column 6.

A pull rod for a vehicle trailer is known (European patent EP 3332995 (A1), IPC B60D1/145, B60D1/44, B60D1/46, B60D1/62, published 2018-06-13). The invention may be taken as a prototype. The technical solution is based on a coupling device (1, D) for a vehicle trailer with a coupling body (2, 2') and a vehicle coupling arrangement (3, 3', 3'') for coupling the vehicle trailer with a towing vehicle, which detaches at the coupling body (2, 2'). According to the invention, the clutch arrangement of the vehicle (3, 3', 3'') is height adjustable on the body hitch (2, 2'). The connecting section can also have a ball coupling. In particular, a downward crimping of the connecting section can be provided for this purpose. It can be provided that the coupling section is adjustable in height and/or length on the connecting section, preferably fixed. For the purposes of the invention, "removable" does not mean "weakening" the connection or definition, but separation.

The disadvantages of the described device include the use of intermediate elements of the hitch, which complicates the design and cannot be used in crane construction with overhead trucks.

In general terms, the installation of the towbar in all the above analogues of the prior art can be illustrated by the generalized design shown below in Fig. 1. Towing device with a towbar 1 - a device designed for towing cargo and light trailers with a tractor. Fitting location rear cross member 2 on chassis frame 3.

The problem that has arisen in the crane industry is related to the transportation of a crane trailer (suspended trolley), because its lower frame 4 covers the rear cross member 2 (see Fig. 2), on which the towbar 1 of the towing device is mounted.

The technical result consists in ensuring mobility, acceleration and convenience of hitching the towbar of a tow hitch of load-lifting vehicles with a simultaneous reduction in longitudinal dimensions.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the trailer, made with the possibility of its transportation on the frame of the tractor, for example, with a rear cross member 2, and containing a lower frame with a rear beam, in this rear beam of the lower frame of the trailer, a vertically oriented sheet element is made with with mounting holes that provide the possibility of fixing the towbar 1 of the tractor towing device in it, and in the lower part of the lower frame of the trailer there are fastening elements for rigid mutual fixation of the trailer frame in the mating fastening elements made on the upper part of the tractor frame.

In addition, the number of anchors and the spacing between them can be determined empirically or by calculation based on the condition of avoiding pulling by the rolling resistance forces of the trailer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - shows a structural diagram of the towing device analogues and prototype.

In FIG. 2 - shows a problematic view of the overlap of the rear cross member 2, on which the tow hitch is mounted, with the lower frame of the crane trailer

In FIG. 3 - shows the proposed location of the towbar in the towing device.

In FIG. 4 - shows a structural diagram of mounting the towbar on the rear beam of the lower frame of the crane trailer.

In FIG. 5 - shows the location of the detachable fasteners of the lower frame of the crane trailer with the possibility of rigid fixation on the chassis frame of the vehicle.

The embodiment of the tow hitch shown in the drawings is primarily for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of claims.

The trailer is made with the possibility of its transportation on the frame 3 of the tractor and contains a lower frame 4 with a rear beam 6. In this rear beam 6 of the lower frame 4 of the trailer, a vertically oriented sheet element 7 is made with mounting holes made in it, making it possible to fix the tow bar 1 in it. - coupling device of the tractor, and in the lower part of the lower frame 4 of the trailer, fastening elements 8 are made for rigid mutual fixation of the frame 4 of the trailer in the mating fastening elements 8, made on the upper part of the frame 3 of the tractor.

In addition, the number of fasteners 8 and the spacing between them can be determined empirically or by calculation based on the condition of avoiding pulling by the rolling resistance forces of the trailer.

Such a combination of design features provides mobility, acceleration and convenience of hitching the towbar, because. eliminates the need for additional steps to eliminate the overlap of the rear cross member of the lower frame 4 (see Fig. 2), which was previously mounted hitch 1 tow hitch. At the same time, the longitudinal dimensions of the coupling of vehicles are reduced, at least by the size of the towbar.

When implementing a technical solution for lifting vehicles, it is proposed, in order to be able to tow a crane trailer, to install a towing device on the rear beam of its lower frame.

At the same time, the task is complicated by the fact that in the design of the rear beam of the lower frame 4, support elements 6 are provided, where the load from the outriggers 5 is transferred during crane operation. It is proposed to lengthen the sheet of the rear beam of the lower frame 7 with supporting elements 6 and make holes for the towing device.

However, when mounting the towing device on the lower frame 4, there is a possibility of pulling, by the forces of rolling resistance of the load-lifting trailer, relative to the side members of the frame 3 of the chassis.

To ensure reliable fastening of the lower frame 4 to the side members of the chassis 3, the fastening must be performed using a sufficient number of rigid fasteners 8. Step L and their number are determined by calculation or empirically.

Thus, the invention achieves a technical result, which consists in ensuring mobility, acceleration and convenience of hitching the towbar of a tow hitch of load-lifting vehicles with a simultaneous reduction in longitudinal dimensions.

Claims (2)

1. A trailer configured to be transported on a tractor frame, containing a lower frame with a rear beam, characterized in that a vertically oriented sheet element is made in the rear beam of the lower frame of the trailer with mounting holes made in it, making it possible to fix a towbar coupling device of the tractor, and in the lower part of the lower frame of the trailer there are fastening elements for rigid mutual fixation of the trailer frame in the mating fastening elements made on the upper part of the tractor frame. 2. The trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of fasteners and the step between them are determined empirically or by calculation based on the condition for excluding pulling by the rolling resistance forces of the trailer.

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