RU2789214C1 - Method for automatic multiple-vector balancing of turbo machine impellers and apparatus for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used for automatic balancing of rotors of turbo machines. Method for automatic multiple-vector balancing of turbo machine impellers includes the stages of moving the balancing weights in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation under the effect of unbalanced masses creating centrifugal forces, wherein the balancing mass is moved both in the plane of rotation of the impeller and in planes parallel to the axis of rotation, independently, and rotated relative to three axes, wherein one of said axes is the axis of rotation of the impeller, and the other two axes lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, under the effect of radial and tangential inertial forces caused by the unbalanced masses until complete balancing thereof. Apparatus for automatic multiple-vector balancing of turbo machine impellers includes a balancing mass secured in the plane of the rotating sleeve of the turbo machine impeller, wherein the balancing mass consists of metal balls placed in a hollow toroid and is fixed freely by elastic-damping links symmetrically along the axis of the shaft of the turbo machine impeller, and springs and dampers located in the plane of rotation of the turbo machine impeller act as elastic-damping links.

EFFECT: structural arrangement of the springs and dampers along the cylinder generatrix symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the impeller, rigidly connected to the hollow toroid, ensured automatic multiple-vector balancing of turbo machine impellers.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used for automatic balancing of the rotors of turbomachines.

All turbomachines experience the action of inertial forces due to the inevitable formation of unbalanced masses, that is, imbalance, in the process of manufacturing and operating parts and assemblies, even under the condition of initial ideal balancing. The result of imbalance is increased noise and vibration. Vibration that occurs during the operation of machines and mechanisms is a source of variable forces acting on machine elements, creating additional dynamic loads on parts, increase their wear, significantly reduce service life, and have an adverse physiological effect on humans. Vibrations can lead to the occurrence of the phenomenon of resonance and cause the complete destruction of the mechanism. Performance is degraded due to the absorption of energy by the vibration of the case and the mechanism mounts. Excessive vibrations can be transmitted to adjacent machines and significantly impair their accuracy and proper functioning. To reduce imbalance in the manufacture, repair, operation, bodies of revolution are balanced by reducing variable forces due to changes in mass or geometry.

A known method of automatic balancing of turbomachines (RF Patent No. 2158907 ), which consists in partially filling the balancing space of the rotor with a balancing mass, which is used as low-melting substances that can repeatedly change their state of aggregation, take on a liquid state and, under the action of inertial forces, move in the balancing space, occupy in the region of the supercritical mode of rotation of the rotor, the position is opposite to the unbalanced mass of the rotor, and solidify until they are completely fixed in the balancing space when heat is removed. Changes in the state of aggregation of a low-melting substance to the initial fluidity are carried out by supplying additional energy, followed by removal for complete solidification. [1]

The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot constantly passively correct the imbalance, because after the initial solidification and balancing, a new imbalance inevitably forms, to eliminate which it will be necessary to re-liquidate the fusible substance by supplying additional energy, which, in turn, complicates the method and device for its implementation.

The closest in execution to the proposed method of automatic balancing is the method implemented in the device of a spherical structure consisting of a balancing mass in the form of balls placed in a conical bushing (Kuindzhi A. A., Kolosov Yu. A., Naroditskaya Yu. I. Automatic balancing rotors of high-speed machines, M., Mashinostroenie, 1974, 152 pp.). This design balances the rotor with a vertical axis of rotation and is mounted on the rotor shaft. When the rotor is stationary, the balls are in the lower part of the cage under the action of gravity. With an increase in speed, they move under the action of centrifugal force in the direction opposite to the excess unbalanced mass, thereby eliminating the unbalance of the moving parts. [2]

This method provides constant passive balancing, which does not require the rotor to stop, human intervention and additional equipment, i.e. is a completely independent way of balancing.

However, the above method and device for its implementation allows to eliminate imbalance only in the plane of rotation of the rotor wheel, structurally does not allow to eliminate transverse vibrations and, accordingly, dynamic moments, which are especially dangerous for turbomachines with wide impeller blades.

The objective of the proposed invention is to develop a fundamentally new balancing method and create a device for its implementation, which allows to eliminate the imbalance in the directions of all 6 degrees of freedom.

The technical result of using the proposed invention is the automatic multi-vector balancing of the impellers of turbomachines, and as a result:

- decrease in vibration speed

- increase in the service life of air coolers

- reduction of dynamic loads allows to reduce the specific metal consumption.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the method of automatic multi-vector balancing of impellers of turbomachines allows, in devices that implement it, the balancing mass to be moved both in the plane of rotation of the impeller and in planes parallel to the axis of rotation, independently of each other under the action of radial and tangential inertial forces due to unbalanced masses until they are completely balanced. The device for implementing the method includes a balancing mass fixed in the plane of the rotating bushing of the turbomachine impeller, while the balancing mass consists of metal balls located in a hollow toroid, and is freely fixed by elastic-damping bonds symmetrically along the axis of the turbomachine impeller shaft, and the role of elastic-damping bonds perform springs and dampers located in the plane of rotation of the impeller of the turbomachine, or along the generatrix of the cylinder, symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover, and even more so do not limit the entire scope of claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative materials of a particular case of execution:

In FIG. 1 shows a device, as part of an impeller, for implementing a method for automatic multi-vector balancing of turbomachine impellers.

In FIG. 2 shows view A with a local section of a device that implements the proposed method for automatic multi-vector balancing of turbomachine impellers.

In FIG. 3 shows a device as part of an impeller for implementing a method for automatic multi-vector balancing of impellers of turbomachines in a state of dynamic balance during rotation.

A device for automatic multi-vector balancing of turbomachine impellers, which includes a balancing mass consisting of metal balls 1 located in a hollow toroid 2, freely fixed by elastic-damping connections in the form of springs and dampers 3, symmetrically along the axis of the turbomachine impeller shaft 4. Due to fundamentally a new design of the balancing mass fastening, consisting of metal balls 1 located in a hollow toroid 2 with six degrees of freedom, allowing it to move in any direction, making both translational and rotational movements, that is, multi-vector, depending on the action of dynamic unbalanced masses of the rotating the impeller of the turbomachine 4, as well as due to elastic-damping connections in the form of springs and dampers 3, located in the plane of rotation of the impeller (see Fig.2 pos.3 on the left), or along the generatrix of the cylinder (see Fig.2 pos.3 on the right ), symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the impeller, structurally allow balancing and damping transverse vibrations due to moments of forces arising from unbalanced masses.

Thanks to this method and device for its implementation, a balancing mass consisting of metal balls 1 located in a hollow toroid 2 and freely fixed by elastic-damping bonds symmetrically along the axis of the turbomachine impeller shaft, the role of which is played by springs and dampers 3, located in the plane of rotation of the turbomachine impeller 4, or along the generatrix of the cylinder, symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the impeller, when the rotor of the impeller of the turbomachine 4 rotates, it will move under the action of centrifugal forces, occupying a position that is spatially opposite to the unbalanced part of the rotor and contributes to the displacement of the center of gravity of the system to the axis of rotation (Fig. 3 ).

Thus, the rotor becomes fully balanced in all 6 degrees of freedom, thus eliminating vibrations from radial and tangential forces and transverse moments, i.e. performing multi-vector balancing.

RF patent №2158907 "METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC BALANCE OF ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS"

Kuindzhi AA, Kolosov Yu. A., Naroditskaya Yu. I. Automatic balancing of rotors of high-speed machines. M., "Engineering". 1974 152s.

Claims (3)

1. A method for automatic multi-vector balancing of impellers of turbomachines, including the movement of balancing weights in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, under the action of unbalanced masses that create centrifugal forces, characterized in that the balancing masses are moved both in the plane of rotation of the impeller and in planes , parallel to the axis of rotation, independently of each other and rotate about three axes, one of which is the axis of rotation of the impeller, and the other two lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, under the action of radial and tangential inertial forces due to unbalanced masses until they are completely balanced . 2. A device for automatic multi-vector balancing of turbomachine impellers, including a balancing mass fixed in the plane of the rotating sleeve of the turbomachine impeller, characterized in that the balancing mass consists of metal balls placed in a hollow toroid, and is freely fixed by elastic-damping bonds symmetrically along the axis shaft of the impeller of the turbomachine, while the role of elastic damping links is performed by springs and dampers located in the plane of rotation of the impeller of the turbomachine. 3. A device for automatic multi-vector balancing of impellers of turbomachines according to claim 2, characterized in that the springs and dampers are located along the generatrix of the cylinder, symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

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