RU2789110C1 - Device for dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, containing a housing and a set of parallel even and odd electrodes immersed in water or an aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically communicating to form electrolytic sections that are combined into an electrical circuit, in their upper part the electrodes are separated from each other by gas-tight partitions, with the formation of cavities, while each cavity is equipped with an individual discharge of gases formed during electrolysis, a DC power source and an alternator. The device is characterized by the fact that it has rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency, solid metal grids and segments of such grids, an input and output tap and a power supply, while the electrodes are made of materials with high magnetostriction, in the lower part of which rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency are located along their perimeter, hermetically placed in the bottom of the housing, electrically connected by the first leads to the electrodes. On the other side, these coils are connected by the second terminals in pairs in parallel with each other and combined into an electrical circuit connected via a power supply unit to a DC source, solid metal grids are located at the bottom of the housing and isolated, and at the top of the individual branches there are isolated segments of such grids with holes for the passage of gases, connected to each other and an alternating current generator, as which an alternating current generator with a frequency of 18-30 GHz is used, determined by the resonant frequency of vibrations of a hydrogen atom in a water molecule, an inlet tap for water or water electrolytes with a float is installed in the upper part of the device, and an outlet tap for removing electrolysis precipitation with a control electromagnet is installed on the side in the lower part of the housing, the power supply contains a series-connected generator of modulating pulses with a frequency of 0.2-3 Hz, an integrating circuit, a frequency-modulated generator with a frequency of 10.0-100 kHz, a differentiating circuit, an amplitude modulator, a pulse amplifier in the form of a field-effect transistor, at the source of which rectangular coils are connected in series, water or an aqueous electrolyte with a DC source and a time relay, while the output of the integrating circuit is also connected to the modulating input of the amplitude modulator, and the time relay is connected in series with the electromagnet winding of the output tap and a DC source.

EFFECT: use of the proposed invention makes it possible to increase productivity and reduce the energy costs of hydrogen production.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The inventions relate to physical and chemical technologies for producing hydrogen and oxygen and can be used in the field of fuel energy and chemical production.

At the present stage, for the industrial production of hydrogen, such technological processes as methane conversion, water electrolysis, steam gasification of coal, thermochemical decomposition of water, etc. are successfully used. The large-scale introduction of known technologies in hydrogen energy requires a comprehensive solution to the problems of energy efficiency and environmental safety.

Known patent No. 2556210, IPC C25B 1/04, B23K 5/00 Electrolytic-water generator / Publ. 07/10/2015. Bull. 19.

It contains a body with an electrolyte, in which a block of electrodes spaced from each other with holes for the passage of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture and electrolyte and conductors for supplying current to the electrodes is immersed, the block of electrodes is placed in a pipe made of a dielectric material, covering the electrodes along the perimeter without gaps, one the pole of the electrolyzer power source is connected to the electrode in the center of the block, the other - to both end electrodes.

Disadvantages of the known electrolysis-water generator:

1. Large consumption of electrical energy during operation.

2. The generator produces a hydrogen and oxygen mixture without separation.

A known device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, includes a housing and a set of parallel even and odd electrodes immersed in water or aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically communicating with the formation of electrolytic sections, which are combined into an electrical circuit, in its the upper part of the electrodes are separated from each other by gas-tight partitions, with the formation of cavities, while each cavity is equipped with an individual outlet formed during the electrolysis of gases, a direct current source and an alternating current generator (RF Patent No. Bulletin No. 2 - prototype). Disadvantages of the known device:

1. The source of an alternating or constant magnetic field is located at a great distance from each other and does not significantly affect the electrolysis of water.

2. Flat plates for creating an electric field from an alternator are located at a great distance from each other and do not significantly affect the electrolysis of water. On the other hand, even and odd electrodes prevent the passage of an electric field.

3. In the process of work on the electrodes and in the interelectrode space, waste salts from water or aqueous electrolyte are formed, which must be periodically removed.

4. According to the authors of a well-known patent, when a condensed medium is exposed to an alternating electric, electromagnetic or magnetic field, oscillating ions interact with these fields, forming a mechanical oscillatory system. If the frequency of natural oscillations of an atom of a chemical element is a multiple of the frequency of the acting alternating field, a resonance occurs at the harmonics. The kinetic energy of resonating atoms increases, as a result of which the probability of breaking covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen increases, and the degree of dissociation of water increases.

Therefore, the authors use multiple frequencies with respect to the resonant frequency of vibrations of the hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

However, multiple frequencies do not always give positive results in the dissociation of water.

5. These shortcomings lead to a relatively high consumption of electrical energy to obtain 1 m ³ volume of hydrogen.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase productivity and reduce energy costs for hydrogen production.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, containing a body and a set of parallel even and odd electrodes immersed in water or aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically communicating with the formation of electrolytic sections, which are combined into an electrical circuit, in its upper part, the electrodes are separated from each other by gas-tight partitions, with the formation of cavities, while each cavity is equipped with an individual outlet for the gases formed during the electrolysis process, a direct current source and an alternating current generator, according to the invention, have rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency, solid metal meshes and segments of such meshes, an inlet and outlet valve and a power supply, while the electrodes are made of materials with high magnetostriction, in the lower part of which are located along their perimeter rectangular coils of electromagnetic and ultrasonic frequency radiation, hermetically placed in the bottom of the housing, electrically connected by the first terminals to the electrodes, and on the other hand, these coils are connected in pairs in parallel with each other by the second terminals and are combined into an electrical circuit connected through a power supply unit to a direct current source, solid metal grids are located on the bottom of the case and are isolated, and at the top on individual taps there are isolated segments of such grids with holes for the passage of gases, connected to each other and an alternating current generator, which is an alternating current generator with a frequency of 18-30 GHz determined by the resonant frequency of oscillations of the hydrogen atom in water molecule, in the upper part of the device there is an inlet valve for water or aqueous electrolytes with a float, and in the lower part of the body, an outlet valve is installed on the side to remove electrolysis residues with a control electromagnet, the power supply contains generator modules connected in series pulses with a frequency of 0.2-3 Hz, an integrating circuit, a frequency-modulated generator with a frequency of 10.0-100 kHz, a differentiating circuit, an amplitude modulator, a pulse amplifier in the form of a field-effect transistor, the source of which is connected in series with rectangular coils, water or an aqueous electrolyte with a direct current source and a time relay, while the output of the integrating circuit is also connected to the modulating input of the amplitude modulator, and the time relay is connected in series with the electromagnet winding of the output valve and the direct current source.

The novelty of the proposed proposal, according to the invention, is due to the fact that due to the special circuit solutions of the power supply, the introduction of new structural elements and their operational properties, it is possible to increase productivity and reduce energy costs for hydrogen production.

According to the scientific, technical and patent literature, the authors are not aware of a technical solution, which is a new set of features aimed at achieving a technical result, and this solution does not clearly follow from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the solution complies with the inventive step.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable. A model sample of the device was made and tested in the laboratory of the Department of Electrical Machines and Electric Drive of the Kuban State Agrarian University.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. The figure 1 shows a General view of the device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen (section); the figure 2 shows its cross section along A-A in view 1; figure 3 shows the electrical circuit of the device; figure 4 (a, b, c, d and e) shows graphs explaining the operation of the power supply and individual components of the device: in fig. a) - a graph of rectangular pulses at the output of the modulating pulse generator is presented; in fig. b) - a graph of trapezoidal pulses at the output of the integrating circuit is presented; in fig. c) - a graph of rectangular pulses with a frequency of 10 to 100 kHz at the output of a frequency modulated generator is presented; in fig. d) - a graph of rectangular pulses at the output of the differentiating circuit is presented; in fig. e) - the graph of pulses at the output of the amplitude modulator is presented.

The device for dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen contains a body 1 in the form of elementary cells, includes a set of parallel electrodes 2 and 3 immersed in water or an aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically communicating with the formation of electrolytic sections 4, in the lower part electrodes 2 and 3 are located along the perimeter of the electrodes rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency 5 and 6, electrically connected by the first terminals with electrodes 2 and 3 and hermetically placed in the bottom of the housing 7, on the other side of the coil, the second terminals are connected in pairs in parallel to each other and combined into an electrical circuit 8, 9, connected through the power supply 10 with a DC source "+" and "-".

In the upper part of the housing, the electrodes 2 and 3 are separated from each other by gas-tight partitions 11, the lower boundaries 12 of which are located below the level 13 of water or aqueous electrolyte with the formation of cavities 14, each of which is equipped with an individual removal of hydrogen 15 and oxygen 16, formed during the electrolysis of gases .

At the bottom in the bottom of the housing below the coils 5 and 6 there is an insulated solid metal mesh 17 connected to the alternator 19, and on the outlets 15 and 16 there are isolated segments of such meshes 18 with holes for the passage of gases, connected to each other and also to the generator 19 alternating current with a frequency of 18 to 30 GHz, determined by the resonant frequency of vibrations of a hydrogen atom in a water molecule.

In the upper part of the device there is an inlet valve 20 for supplying water or aqueous electrolytes with a float 21, and in the lower part of the body on the side (Fig. 2) there is an outlet valve 22 for removing electrolysis deposits with an electromagnet 23.

The power supply 10 (Fig. 3) contains a modulating pulse generator (GMI) 24, an integrating circuit (IC) 25, a frequency modulated generator (FMG) 26, a differentiating circuit (DC) 27, an amplitude modulator (AM) 28, a pulse amplifier ( transistor) 29 to the source of which coils 6, 5 and the resistance of water or aqueous electrolyte 4 are connected in series.

The time relay 30 is connected in series with the winding of the electromagnet 23 of the output valve 22 and the DC source 31.

The modulating pulse generator (GMI) 24 generates rectangular pulses 24, and a frequency of 0.2-3 Hz (Fig. a).

The output of the modulating pulse generator is connected to an integrating circuit 25, where the rectangular pulses are converted into trapezoidal pulses 25, a (Fig. 6).

The signal from the integrating circuit 25 is fed to the frequency-modulated generator 26, which generates rectangular pulses with a frequency of 10 to 100 kHz, and simultaneously to the amplitude modulator 28. The frequency-modulated generator 26 is controlled by a trapezoidal signal from the integrating circuit 25. First, the frequency increases (as the voltage increases " trapezoid"), then becomes unchanged (at the top) and decreases at the end of the "trapezoid" signal 26 a, (Fig. c). The amplitude of these signals is unchanged. Further, this signal is fed to the input of the differentiating circuit 27, where the signal 26 a is converted into a signal of variable frequency and duty cycle with "pointed" peaks, i.e. with a smooth rise and fall of the leading and trailing edges of the pulse 27 a, (Fig. d).

"Pointed" signals from the differentiating circuit 27 a and the trapezoidal signal 25 a from the integrating circuit 25 are fed to two inputs of the amplitude modulator 28. In the amplitude modulator 28, "sharp" input pulses of the same amplitude are modulated according to the trapezoidal law (while maintaining the frequency and duty cycle), t .e. first, the amplitude increases, then becomes unchanged and decreases at the end of the trapezoid. At the output of the amplitude modulator 28, a signal 28 a, (Fig. e) is formed.

The signal from the output of the amplitude modulator 28 is fed to the input of the pulse amplifier (transistor) 29. In the amplifier, the signal 28 a is amplified without changing the shape and passes through the coils 6.5, the resistance of the aqueous electrolyte 4 and is connected to the DC source 31.

The device is industrially applicable. As an alternator 19 with a frequency of 18 to 30 GHz, one can recommend or others with the necessary parameters [http://www.radiocomp.ru/joom/ru/].

The electrodes are made of nickel or alloys with high magnetostriction. For example, magnetostriction, λ _S , m: for nickel - 3.5⋅10 ^-5 ; for per-mendur - 7.0⋅10 ^-5 .

The DC source 31 is made in the form of a battery together with a solar battery or a wind turbine. It is possible to use a mains rectifier with a filter capacitor.

The operation of the device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen is as follows. From the reservoir with an aqueous electrolyte or water from the water supply is supplied through the tap 20 until the entire volume of the device is filled. The time relay 30 is adjusted depending on the composition of water or aqueous electrolyte. For example, every 60 minutes, the relay is turned on for 15 seconds and the valve 22 is opened for this time to remove electrolysis residues.

Power is supplied from a DC source 31, the alternator 19 is switched on with a frequency of 18-30 GHz. Generator 19 through solid metal grids 17 and segments of such grids 18 in the volume of the device excites resonant vibrations of hydrogen atoms in water molecules.

Simultaneously, through the series-connected rectangular coils 6, 5, water or aqueous electrolyte 4 pass pulses 28 a, "generation", (Fig. 4). Magnetostrictive radiation of variable frequency and duty cycle (in the range of mechanical resonance of water) is created, a current of the same shape passes, and an intensive process of water electrolysis is going on. At the moment of “pause”, the generation stops, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are concentrated in their cells 15 and 16. Simultaneously, salts and electrolysis precipitates are deposited from electrodes 2 and 3.

For example, after 60 minutes, the time relay 30 is turned on for 15 seconds and valve 22 is opened for this time to remove electrolysis residues. When precipitation is removed, the float 21 opens the valve 20 and the device is replenished with aqueous electrolyte.

Claims (1)

A device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, containing a body and a set of parallel even and odd electrodes immersed in water or aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically communicating with the formation of electrolytic sections, which are combined into an electrical circuit, in its upper parts of the electrodes are separated from each other by gas-tight partitions, with the formation of cavities, while each cavity is equipped with an individual outlet for the gases formed during the electrolysis process, a direct current source and an alternating current generator, characterized in that it has rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency, solid metal grids and segments of such grids, an inlet and outlet valve and a power supply, while the electrodes are made of materials with high magnetostriction, in the lower part of which are located along their perimeter rectangular coils of electromagnetic radiation of ultrasonic frequency, hermetically The wires are placed in the bottom of the housing, electrically connected by the first leads to the electrodes, and on the other hand, these coils are connected in pairs by the second leads in parallel to each other and are combined into an electrical circuit connected through the power supply to a direct current source, solid metal grids are located at the bottom of the housing and are insulated , and at the top on individual taps there are isolated segments of such grids with holes for the passage of gases, connected to each other and an alternating current generator, which is an alternating current generator with a frequency of 18-30 GHz, determined by the resonant frequency of vibrations of a hydrogen atom in a water molecule, in the upper part of the device is equipped with an inlet valve for water or aqueous electrolytes with a float, and in the lower part of the body, on the side, there is an outlet valve for removing electrolysis deposits with a control electromagnet, the power supply unit contains a series-connected modulating pulse generator with a frequency of 0.2-3 Hz, in a tegrating circuit, a frequency-modulated generator with a frequency of 10.0-100 kHz, a differentiating circuit, an amplitude modulator, a pulse amplifier in the form of a field-effect transistor, the source of which is connected in series with rectangular coils, water or an aqueous electrolyte with a direct current source and a time relay, with In this case, the output of the integrating circuit is also connected to the modulating input of the amplitude modulator, and the time relay is connected in series with the electromagnet winding of the output valve and a DC source.

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