RU142285U1 - ELECTROLYTIC PLANT FOR PRODUCING A GAS MIXTURE OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An electrolytic plant for producing a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, containing an electrolyzer, which is a housing with electrodes placed inside in the form of plates, electrically connected to a power source, and the cavity of which is connected with a container filled with an electrolyte solution and with a channel for removing a mixture of gas and water into the channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, while at least one source of ultrasonic radiation is placed in the housing into the electrolyte to weaken the molecular bonds of the specified electrolyte, characterized in that an unconcentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide is used as the electrolyte, the container for the electrolyte is made closed and hermetic, made with an inlet for filling its cavity with electrolyte to form a cavity unfilled with electrolyte above the electrolyte level and communicated with a channel for removing a mixture of gas and water from the electrolyzer, and a channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, in which it is installed in the bottom shutter communicates with the cavity of the electrolyte container that is not filled with electrolyte, while a source of ultraviolet radiation is placed in the cell body to influence the electrolyte, the electrodes are made in the form of a set of stainless steel plates arranged in a row with vertical and horizontal cuts applied to their surfaces and with holes for electrolyte circulation and gas removal, which in each plate are made out of alignment with holes in adjacent plates, and the cavity of the cell body is connected by two channels with a container for electrolyte, while the outputs of these channels

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrochemistry and is intended to produce gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen. In particular, an electrolytic apparatus used to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by decomposing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is considered.

It is known from the prior art that electrolyzers, apparatuses for electrolysis, consist of one or many electrolytic cells. An electrolyzer is a vessel (or a system of vessels) filled with an electrolyte with electrodes placed in it - a cathode and anode, connected respectively to the negative and positive poles of a direct current source. In industry and laboratory practice, electrolyzers of various types and designs are used (for example, open and hermetically sealed, for periodic and continuous operation, with fixed and moving electrodes, with various systems for separating electrolysis products).

Known electrolyzer (GB 1139614), containing a housing with an electrolyte, for example an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, as well as working electrodes involved in the direct electrolysis process. As the electrolyte, aqueous solutions of inorganic substances, for example sodium hydroxide (NaOH), are used, and as electrodes, metals that are not decomposed by an aqueous solution, for example platinum.

The disadvantage of the known electrolysis cell is the reduced efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen production, due to the need to expend a large amount of electricity to decompose water on known electrodes. A well-known reason that impedes the achievement of the technical result provided by the invention is the fact that between the diverging positive and negative ions diverging to the opposite working electrodes, an additional voltage arises, directed opposite to the voltage applied to the working electrodes, as a result of which the current through the electrolyzer occurs only at voltage on working electrodes above 1.48 volts.

Known ultrasonic device for producing hydrogen from water and any aqueous solution containing a container of water or an aqueous solution, metal electrodes placed in it, and an attached source of electricity. The device is supplemented by capillaries placed vertically in this chamber, with their upper ends above the level of the aqueous solution, one of the two electrodes being placed in the liquid under the capillaries, and the second electrode is movable and mesh and placed above them, and the power source is made of high voltage and adjustable in amplitude and frequency, and the device is also supplemented by two ultrasonic generators, one of which is located under the lower end of these capillaries and the second is located above their upper end, and The property is also supplemented by a resonant electronic dissociator of activated water mist molecules, containing a pair of electrodes placed above the surface of the liquid, with their planes perpendicular to the surface of the liquid, and electrically connected to an additional electronic generator of high-voltage high-frequency pulses with an adjustable frequency and duty cycle, in the frequency range containing resonant the excitation frequency of the evaporated molecules of the liquid and its ions (RU 81964, C25B 1/04, publ. 04/10/2009).

The disadvantage of this device is that the use of ultrasonic radiation requires energy. This is due to the fact that the effect is carried out on an unprepared electrolyte solution. As a result of this, part of the energy is spent on translating the solution into a state in which the decomposition of molecular bonds is possible, while another part of the energy is spent on carrying out the process of decomposition of bonds. This reduces the efficiency of the device and does not allow to rely on high efficiency.

This utility model aims to achieve a technical result, which consists in increasing the productivity and efficiency of a plant for producing gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen by decomposing an aqueous solution with sodium hydroxide.

The indicated technical result is achieved in that in an electrolytic installation for producing a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, containing an electrolyzer, which is a housing with electrodes placed in the form of plates, electrically connected to a power source, and the cavity of which is in communication with a container filled with an electrolyte solution and with a channel for discharging a mixture of gas and water into a channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, while at least one source of ultrasonic radiation in an electrolyte to weaken the molecular bonds of the indicated electrolyte, an unconcentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide was used as the electrolyte, the electrolyte container was closed and sealed, made with an inlet to fill its cavity with electrolyte with the formation of an empty electrolyte cavity above the electrolyte level and communicated with the gas mixture removal channel and water from the electrolyzer, and the channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, in which the water shutter is installed, is connected with an unfilled electrolyte volume of the container for the electrolyte, while in the electrolytic cell housing is placed a source of ultraviolet radiation to act on the electrolyte, the electrodes are made in the form of a set of row-mounted stainless steel plates with vertical and horizontal gaps applied to their surface and with holes for electrolyte circulation and gas removal, which in each plate are made misaligned to the holes in adjacent plates, and the cavity of the cell body is communicated by two channels with a capacitance for electrolysis one wherein the outputs of these channels are located on opposite walls of the housing and opposite the cell row arrangement of plates.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by decomposing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

In the framework of this utility model, we consider the design of a device for producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by decomposing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (an unconcentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte - this significantly reduces the heating of the electrolyzer), i.e., a device for the electrolytic production of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture - detonating gas, which is used for flame technology during combustion in a number of industries.

Modern electrolyzers are divided into monopolar and bipolar according to the scheme of connecting the electrodes to the power source (Yakimenko L.M., Modylevskaya I.Α., Tkachek Z.A. Electrolysis of water. M: Chemistry, 1970, 263 s). In monopolar electrolyzers, all anode electrodes are connected to one common busbar, and all cathode electrodes are connected to another. Therefore, such an electrolyzer is essentially one electrolysis cell, each of the electrodes of which consists of several elements connected in parallel to the current circuit. In the framework of the present invention is considered the design of a device with a monopolar electrolyzer.

It is known that electrolyzers intended for general industrial use should produce at least 1.5 cubic meters. m mixture per hour. A monopolar electrolyzer consumes about 1600 A per each cubic meter of hydrogen-oxygen mixture per hour. Therefore, a monopolar electrolyzer, intended for general industrial use, consumes at least 2400 A. With this current, the electrolyzer requires massive current leads and a heavy power source, which makes it unacceptably cumbersome to use as part of an electrolysis-water generator (the term "electrolysis-water generator" - according to GOST 2601-84, term No. 160). In this regard, in the framework of this useful model, the task is to create a unit with a monopolar electrolyzer that consumes a relatively small current at high efficiency. In such a setup, the energy of the leakage current is spent only on heating the electrolyte, and not on the formation of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture.

In FIG. 1, the following positions denote the following nodes of the claimed device: water level sensor 1, filler fitting 2, pressure sensor 3, electrolyzer bay nozzles (electrolyte supply channels 4), gas / water outlet pipe (gas and water mixture discharge channel 5) , a gas outlet from the tank (channel 6 for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen), a valve 7, a water shutter 8, a flame arrester 9, a temperature sensor 10, an electrolyzer 11, water with the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (electrolyte solution 12), block 13 widely impul waist modulation to regulate the supply voltage current and frequency, the capacitance 14 for electrolyte.

A device for the electrolytic production of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (Fig. 1) contains an electrolyzer 11, which is a housing with electrodes in the form of plates placed electrically connected to a power source through a widely pulsed modulation unit 13 to control the applied voltage in current and frequency (regulates current strength and rate of water decomposition into H ₂ and O ₂ , HHO.). Current frequency regulation affects hydrogen and oxygen atoms, weak H ₁ and O ₁ atoms are atoms, in a free medium they are so weakly charged that they almost instantly reconnect with each other, forming H ₂ O back, but ultrasonic vibrations do not allow reconnecting , also this effect of recharging hydrogen and oxygen atoms supports ultraviolet radiation.

The electrodes are made in the form of a set of 1 mm thick stainless steel plates 03X16H15M3 distantly arranged in a row with numerous vertical and horizontal cuts 0.25 mm deep deposited on their surfaces and with holes for electrolyte circulation and gas removal, which are made misaligned in each plate in adjacent plates. There should be at least three such holes in each plate (identified by conducting experiments as the most successful solution). These openings are used to circulate electrolyte and discharge gases. Non-coaxial holes provide a delay of the electrolyte solution between the electrodes (plates), an increase in the resistance of the electrolyte solution between the electrodes (plates), which avoids heating the electrolyte solution. In this case, ions cannot pass through all electrodes from the first to the last in the electrolyte directly. When hitting an electrode (plate), ions turn into protons and charge the electrode positively or negatively to discharge, which provides a dynamic pole change on the electrodes (plates). This phenomenon occurs due to the accumulation of energy in the cell itself and due to the large number of electrodes (plates). The effect affects the electrodes for the separation of gases from the electrodes (plates), reduces plaque on the electrodes (plates) and creates a shock current between the electrodes (plates).

In the body of the electrolyzer, plates, the number of which is determined by the required capacity of the electrolyzer, are interconnected electrically in series.

The cavity of the electrolyzer body is connected with a container 14 filled with a water-based electrolyte solution (an unconcentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide is made with a ratio of 2.5 grams per 1 liter of distilled water) and with a channel for discharging the gas and water mixture into the channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen . The cavity of the cell body is communicated by two channels with a capacitance for the electrolyte, while the outputs of these channels are located on opposite walls of the cell body and opposite the in-line plates.

The electrolyte tank is closed and sealed, made with an entrance to fill its cavity with electrolyte with the formation of an empty cavity with electrolyte above the electrolyte level and communicated with the channel for removing the gas and water mixture from the electrolyzer, and the channel for collecting the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, in which the water shutter is installed and a flame arrester valve 9, in communication with an empty electrolyte cavity of the electrolyte tank,

The use of an unconcentrated solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an electrolyte in a ratio of 2.5 grams per 1 liter of distilled water significantly reduces the heating of the cell. Also, the absence of concentrated electrolyte and high temperatures extends the guaranteed life of the cell to ten years. The lack of heating of the electrolyzer is also a hallmark that allows the installation to work in a round-the-clock mode.

At least one source of ultrasonic radiation in a water-based electrolyte is placed in the electrolyser housing to weaken the molecular bonds of said electrolyte. Ultrasound affects the vibration of water atoms, forcing to enter the resonance, while the bond of oxygen atoms with hydrogen molecules weakens. Ultrasound introduces the setup into resonance, forcing it to vibrate, the vibration of the electrodes (plates) ejects gas bubbles from the electrodes (plates).

Also in this case is placed a source of ultraviolet radiation to affect the electrolyte. The same source of ultraviolet radiation can be placed in the tank, this source is used to influence the electrolyte. Ultraviolet radiation calms the water molecules in the electrolyzer, making the water softer, thereby preparing the water for a softer decay with the least amount of energy. Under intense irradiation, water is half-life, while the bond of oxygen molecules with hydrogen molecules weakens.

Ultraviolet (UV) refers to the part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves that is invisible to the eye, having an energy greater than that of visible violet light. UV radiation covers a range from 100 to 400 nm. Oscillations with a wavelength of 100 to 200 nm are called hard or vacuum ultraviolet. Their energy can be enough to destroy organic molecules. Oscillations with a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are generated in special mercury or xenon lamps and are widely used to disinfect water and air from various microorganisms. Water treatment with ultraviolet radiation is one of the reagent-free, physical methods of water treatment. There are two methods of ultraviolet irradiation - pulsed, with a wide spectrum of waves, and constant, in the selected wavelength range. The most important quality of UV-treatment of water is the absence of changes in its physical and chemical characteristics even at doses much higher than practically necessary (the article "Water Treatment with UV" from the book of Ryabchikov BE, "Modern Methods of Preparing Water for Industrial and Domestic Use", laid out on the site of “MEDIANA FILTER” of NPK “Mediana-filter” on the Internet in the online access mode at: http://www.mediana-filter.ru/water_filter_uf.html).

Hard UV radiation in the region of 100-200 nm causes the formation of ozone from molecules of oxygen dissolved in water and directly affects the molecules of organic compounds. It should be noted that the effectiveness of UV-disinfection of water can be further improved by combining it with other disinfection methods and with physical influences. So, the simultaneous treatment of water with cavitation or ultrasound and ultraviolet, the introduction of small doses of ozone after UV treatment can reduce the required radiation dose.

Cavitation leads to the formation of microbubbles of air, when the bubbles “collapse”, large pressure drops occur, while in these bubbles active radicals are formed under the influence of UV radiation, which effectively destroy the microflora and oxidize the organic matter in water. In this case, the entire volume of water is treated with ultraviolet light.

When UV radiation is used, the molecular bonds of water are weakened and their ordering in the electrolyte structure occurs, which makes it possible to have weakened molecular bonds when the electrolyte solution enters the field of ultrasonic radiation, which decompose upon weak exposure to ultrasound. This relationship of UV radiation and ultrasonic radiation can significantly reduce the energy consumption for powering the electrode plates. And the implementation of these plates with gash significantly increases the contact area of the electrodes. Since the electrodes are arranged in rows and in large numbers, in the space between two adjacent plates, the process of pole change on the electrodes is formed dynamically. With this design, the efficiency of the electrolytic installation rises sharply.

A device for electrolytic production of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as follows.

Fill the tank 14 through the filler nozzle 2 with an electrolyte in the form of a mixture of water with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to a predetermined level determined by the sensor 1 of the water level. The hermetic container is filled so that an air cavity is formed above the level of the electrolyte. This cavity communicates with the channel 6 for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, communicated with the consumer of the gas mixture. Through two channels 4 for supplying the electrolyte to the electrolyzer, the electrolyte from the electrolyte tank 14 is supplied to the electrolyzer, while the outputs of these channels are located on opposite walls of the electrolyzer body and opposite to the row-mounted plates. Thus, the electrolyte is supplied to the electrolyzer by counter flows, which leads to the constant bubbling of the solution in the electrolyzer body. In this case, the electrode plates are in contact with a homogeneous electrolyte mixed in structure. When applying power to the electrodes and turning on the sources of UV radiation and ultrasonic radiation, water is pretreated in an electrolyte solution, which ensures the weakening of molecular bonds. After this, the electrolytic process occurs, in which a water-gas mixture is released, which flows upstream of the channel 5 for discharging a mixture of gas and water and enters the electrolyte, in which the gas component rises up and is sent to channel 6 for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, and the water component remains in the electrolyte environment.

This utility model is industrially applicable and can be manufactured using technologies and equipment used in the production of electrolyzers. The utility model improves the productivity of the installation and its efficiency. The installation is quite simple, it is made using traditional structural materials and known electrolytes and can be used in a wide aspect of gas consumers. Tests of the proposed device confirmed the efficiency of the electrolyzer according to the proposed scheme and all the above advantages of this design. In particular, the heat release was reduced several times in comparison with the heat emission of ordinary electrolyzers of the same capacity in a hydrogen-oxygen mixture.

Claims (7)

1. An electrolytic installation for producing a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, containing an electrolyzer, which is a housing with electrodes placed in the form of plates, electrically connected to a power source, and the cavity of which is in communication with a container filled with an electrolyte solution and with a channel for removing the gas and water mixture in the collection channel of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, while at least one source of ultrasonic radiation in the electrolyte is placed in the housing to weaken the molecular bonds indicated electrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte used is an unconcentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide, the electrolyte tank is closed and sealed, made with an inlet to fill its cavity with electrolyte with the formation of an empty electrolyte cavity above the electrolyte level and communicated with the gas mixture removal channel and water from the electrolyzer, and the channel for collecting a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, in which the water shutter is installed, is in communication with the cavity of the capacitance for electric olite, while in the electrolyzer case there is a source of ultraviolet radiation to act on the electrolyte, the electrodes are made in the form of a set of row-mounted stainless steel plates with vertical and horizontal gaps applied to their surface and with holes for electrolyte circulation and gas removal, which are in each plate made misaligned to the holes in adjacent plates, and the cavity of the cell body is communicated by two channels with a capacity for the electrolyte, while the outputs of these channels located on opposite walls of the cell body and opposite the row-wafer plates. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are made of stainless steel grade 03X16H15MZ with a thickness of 1 mm. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cuts are made with a depth of 0.25 mm 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each plate has three holes. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional source of ultraviolet radiation is placed in the tank to affect the electrolyte. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-concentrated solution of water with sodium hydroxide is made with a ratio of 2.5 grams per 1 liter of distilled water. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are connected to a power source through a widely pulse modulation unit for regulating the applied voltage in current and frequency.

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