RU2788247C1 - Stabilised hull of a single-hull keel sailing/motor-sailing vessel with a surfing surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used in building and modernisation of marine high-speed single-hull keel sailing/motor-sailing vessels with large sailing power availability utilising a narrow displacement wave-penetrating hull and a surfing surface. For the stable controlled movement of the vessel with a surfing surface in the wave penetration mode, i.e., in the displacement mode of low wave/hydrodynamic resistance, both in the presence and in the absence of sailing heel, and ensuring the damping of the broken-wave energy and the possibility of returning to an even keel from the “sail-on-water" position, the hull of the vessel, in the lower part thereof, has a vertically oriented narrow low wave/hydrodynamic resistance section (4), longitudinally symmetrical relative to the centreline of the vessel and comparable to the length thereof, with a displacement segment (5) including a keel (8) with a bulb, with a segment displacement corresponding to the full laden weight of the vessel; also includes two narrow sponsons (6 and 7) with a streamlined low wave/hydrodynamic resistance shape, oriented longitudinally symmetrical relative to the centreline of the vessel, located above the waterline at the maximum width of the hull, forming two tunnel cavities above the waterline for dampening the energy of the wave broken by the stem and sponsons, wherein the lower hull surface forming the upper arch of the tunnel cavities is made in the form of unladen surfing surfaces (10), and wherein the joint displacement operation of the lee sponson and the hydrodynamic lifting force of the lee surfing surface allows for the effective counteraction to the sailing heel in medium and strong winds.

EFFECT: creation of a sailing/motor-sailing vessel capable of effective counteraction to sailing heel.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Application area.

The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used in the construction and modernization of marine high-speed single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessels with a large sail power-to-weight ratio, where a single displacement narrow wave-penetrating hull is used.

Description of the prior art.

The state of the art in relation to a vessel with a narrow displacement hull was disclosed in Russian Patent 2,623,348 with priority dated December 24, 2015. This solution is a new design solution for the stabilized hull of a single-hull keel sailing / sail-motor vessel using a surf surface in the design.

From the Russian Patent 2 708 813 with priority dated 08/15/2018, it is known that “surfing is a mode of movement of the vessel, in which the hull, with its shape, presses the incoming water flow under itself, and creates its excess under its large flat bottom, where the excess dynamic the water flow is independently distributed, and forms a layer of a stable shape of a large area between a more static water environment (below) and the bottom of the hull (above) - this layer is a “water cushion”, while the vessel slides on the water cushion, and its weight is distributed over its entire area. The main feature of surfing, compared to other high-speed hulls, is the absence of any influence on the oncoming water flow, except for pushing it”, thus it allows you to develop a higher speed.

With regard to the stabilized hull disclosed in Patent 2,623,348, the hydrodynamic lift force created by the surfboard located on the leeward side of the hull, on the move, also makes it possible to significantly increase the counteracting force of the sail roll acting on the vessel at medium and high wind forces.

At its core, this solution concretizes the shape of the bottom surface of the hull, forming the top arch of each of the tunnel cavities known from Patent 2,623,348, by using the surf technology known from Patent 2,708,813. By placing such surf surfaces between the central hull and the sponsons, in this configuration, the hydrodynamic lifting force of the leeward surf surface works unidirectionally with the displacement force of the leeward sponson, increasing the moment of counteracting the sail roll by a factor of 2 or more, while not creating additional tangible hydrodynamic resistance.

Disclosure of the invention.

The claimed solution, according to the applicant, unknown from the prior art, allows the use of a surf surface in the design of single-hull keel sailing / sail-motor vessels with a single narrow wave-penetrating hull and with a large sail power-to-weight ratio, ensuring the achievement of a technical result consisting in:

- stable controlled movement of a single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessel in the wave penetration mode - i.e. in the displacement mode of small wave / hydrodynamic resistance - both in the presence and in the absence of a sail roll, while ensuring effective damping of the energy of a broken wave;

- providing a significant stop and a large shoulder of its application, creating a proportional force of counteraction to the sail roll and hull buildup;

- minimization of inertial moments acting on the body;

- in case of a critical list (position of “sail on the water”), ensuring the independent restoration of the vessel to an even keel.

As a result, the claimed stabilized hull, used on a marine high-speed single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessel with a large sailing power-to-weight ratio (7-10m2 or more per ton of displacement), provides, in comparison with the state of the art known from Patent 2,623,348:

- a significant increase of at least 2 times the restoring moment of the hull to counteract the sail roll, in medium and strong winds.

The task is achieved by the fact that the stabilized hull of a single-hull keel sailing / sail-motor vessel known from Patent 2 623 348, characterized by the fact that “the hull with a total width of not more than 50% of its length, which in its lower part:

- made with a longitudinally located, symmetrical relative to the center plane of the vessel and commensurate with its length, vertically oriented narrow section of low wave / hydrodynamic resistance, with a displacement segment, including a keel with a heavy bulb,

- at the same time, the ratio of the length of the waterline to the width of the waterline of the segment is at least 7 times, with the displacement of the segment corresponding to the full curb weight of the vessel,

- at the same time, the narrow section is made with wave-piercing contours, a high wave-piercing stem, streamlined rear contours, and a streamlined volumetric thickening in its front upper part,

- also includes two longitudinally oriented sponsons, symmetrical relative to the center plane of the ship, located above the waterline along the lower surface of the hull at the maximum width of the hull, with respect to the length of the hull, the location of the sponsons can be either closer to the stern, or to the middle, or to the bow of the hull ,

- at the same time, the ratio of the length of the sponson to its width is at least 7 times, with its own volume sufficient to parry the sail roll when the leeward sponson is submerged, but not sufficient to keep the vessel afloat,

- at the same time, the sponsons have a streamlined spindle shape with wave-piercing front, streamlined rear and planing middle contours.

- when forming above the waterline two tunnel cavities between the narrow section and each of the sponsons, of a size sufficient to dampen the energy broken by the stem and the sponsons of the wave.

In this case, the lower surface of the body, which forms the upper arch of each of the tunnel cavities:

- along its entire length, has a downward shape in the direction of the bow-stern,

- is located completely above the waterline in the absence of a sail roll, thus providing an "unloaded surf" mode of low hydrodynamic resistance in the presence of a sail roll,

- in the front 40% of the hull length, has a descending shape, smoothly flowing into the lower surface of the aft hull, and has an inclination angle relative to the waterline without a stroke of at least 4 degrees,

- at the same time, in the rear 60% of the hull length, it has a descending shape, and the angle of inclination relative to the waterline without a stroke is not more than 4 degrees, while it has an almost flat shape in its cross section, where the submerged part with a sail roll with medium and strong winds is a "surf surface" sliding on a water cushion while the ship is moving.

Brief description of the drawings.

The claimed design of the stabilized housing is illustrated by the attached graphic illustrations.

On FIG. 1 shows a general view of the hull of a single-hull keel sailing / sailing-motor vessel 1 (the motor is not shown in the drawings), where darkening 2 marks its wetted surface in the absence of a sail roll - for example, on the move with full sailing courses or under the motor. The main elements are the upper part of the hull 3, a narrow section 4 with a wave-piercing displacement segment 5, the right 6 and left 7 sponsons, the keel 8 with a heavy bulb, the rudder blade 9, the surf surfaces 10 forming the upper arch of the tunnel cavities, the front high wave-piercing stem 11.

A detailed description of the functioning of such a hydrodynamic scheme, with the exception of surf surfaces, is known from Patent 2,623,348.

On FIG. 2 shows in detail the surf surface of the lee starboard side of the hull (the right sponson is not shown for clarity of illustration), which in its first 40% of the length has a setting angle of at least 4 degrees, and in its rear 60% of the length has a setting angle of not more than 4 -x degrees, while the surf surface is almost flat in its cross section. The surf surface is not loaded with the weight of the vessel, and in the absence of a sail roll it is above the hull waterline, thus the leeward surf surface in medium and strong winds is loaded only by the force of the sail roll - this condition is necessary to ensure surfing with low hydrodynamic resistance.

The claimed stabilized hull can be made, for example, of fiberglass, other composite materials, wood, metal, polyethylene, and combinations thereof, and/or other materials adopted in shipbuilding.

On FIG. 3 (front view) illustrates the principle of operation of the declared stabilized hull in various modes 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, where the actions of the forces are shown:

3.1 - when moving without a sail roll (at full sail courses or under a motor),

3.2 - with a sailing list to port 15 degrees in medium and strong winds,

3.3 - in the position of a critical roll "sail on the water",

where:

St - gravity of the keel with a heavy bulb,

Svs - displacement force of the leeward sponson,

Gps - hydrodynamic lifting force of the leeward surf surface,

Svk - the displacement force of the hull,

Pu - stop shoulder.

At the same time, the size of the arrows reflecting the forces is not proportional to their size.

3.1 shows that in light winds, at full headings or under the engine, the sponsons located at the maximum width of the hull provide a large stop shoulder (Pu) for applying the restoring moment of the sponson's displacement force (Cvs) - thereby the hull effectively counteracts the sail roll and buildup.

Figure 3.2 shows that in medium and strong winds, the leeward sponson is submerged, and its displacement force (Svs) resists the sail roll, while the leeward surfboard is submerged to its operating depth and effectively surfs, creating a hydrodynamic lift force of the surfboard (Gps) , also counteracting the sail roll. Thus, the GPS complements the SVS and their joint work allows you to more effectively resist the sail roll. At the same time, both the leeward sponson (because it has a narrow wave-penetrating shape) and the leeward surf surface (because it is not loaded with the ship's weight) do not create tangible additional hydrodynamic resistance.

At 3.3. in the “sail on the water” position, with a critical list, the displacement of the leeward sponson is not enough to keep the vessel afloat, and it is completely flooded - thereby shifting the center of displacement closer to the ship’s center plane. The displacement force of the hull (Svk) is applied in such a way that it ensures independent restoration of the hull to an even keel.

Figures 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 show illustrations known from Patent 2 623 348. From their comparison with this solution, it follows that the only and main difference of this solution compared to the hull known from Patent 2 623 348 is the presence of a surf surface in the leeward tunnel cavity, where the surf surface generates hydrodynamic lift (Hcf) in medium and strong winds (see 3.2 and 3.5). Compared with the hull known from Patent 2 623 348, the presence of such a GPS increases the moment of resisting the sail roll by 2 or more times. In other cases (see 3.1 and 3.4, 3.3 and 3.6), both cases behave similarly.

For single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessels, the claimed stabilized hull provides a combination of the use of a narrow section with a single wave-penetrating displacement segment with a relative elongation of the waterline L / W WL of 7 or more times (and, accordingly, the use of the advantages of low wave / hydrodynamic resistance, high seaworthiness and stability of the course), and at the same time (with a high sailing power-to-weight ratio of the vessel of 7-10m2 or more per ton of displacement) an effective stabilization system (namely, counteracting the sail roll and buildup) to ensure the static and dynamic stability of the hull at a level better than in modern single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessels. The use of a leeward surf creates an additional hydrodynamic lift that counteracts the sail roll, and its joint work with the displacement force of the lee sponson provides an effective parry of the sail roll in medium and strong winds.

Which leads to an increase in the design speed in a displacement mode by 2 or more times, or (which is similar) a decrease in 2 or more times of energy costs (wind or motor energy) required to move a single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessel from the point A to point B.

At the same time, it provides the following characteristics at the level of modern single-hull keel sailing / sailing-motor vessels: the volume and convenience of habitable compartments and excellent handling.

Claims (1)

Stabilized hull of a single-hull keel sailing/sailing-motor vessel with a surf surface, with a deeply submerged displacement support element and with a hull with a total width of not more than 50% of its length, in its lower part, made with a longitudinally located symmetrical relative to the center plane of the vessel and commensurate with its length vertically oriented narrow section of low wave / hydrodynamic resistance, with a displacement segment, including a keel with a heavy bulb, while the ratio of the length of the waterline to the width of the waterline of the segment is at least 7 times, with a displacement of the segment corresponding to the full curb weight of the vessel, where the narrow section is made with wave-piercing contours, a high wave-piercing stem, streamlined rear contours and a streamlined volumetric thickening in its front upper part, also including two longitudinally oriented sponsons symmetrical relative to the center plane of the ship, located above the wa terlines along the lower surface of the hull at the maximum width of the hull, in relation to the length of the hull, the location of the sponsons can be both closer to the aft, and to the middle, or to the bow of the hull, while the ratio of the length of the sponson to its width is at least 7 times, with its own volume, sufficient to parry the sail roll when the leeward sponson is submerged, but not sufficient to keep the vessel afloat, where the sponsons have a streamlined spindle shape with wave-piercing front, streamlined rear and gliding middle contours, to form two tunnel cavities above the waterline between the narrow section and each of the sponsons, of a size sufficient to dampen the energy of the wave broken by the stem and sponsons, characterized in that the lower surface of the hull, which forms the upper arch of each of the tunnel cavities, has a downward shape along its entire length in the direction of the bow-stern, is completely above the waterline in the absence of a sail roll, so arr thus providing the “unloaded surfing” mode of low hydrodynamic resistance in the presence of a sail roll, in the front 40% of the hull length it has a descending shape, smoothly flowing into the lower surface of the aft hull, and has an angle of inclination relative to the waterline without a stroke of at least 4 degrees, with at the same time, in the rear 60% of the hull length it has a descending shape and an angle of inclination relative to the waterline without a stroke of no more than 4 degrees, while it has an almost flat shape in its cross section, where the submerged part with a sail roll in medium and strong winds is a "surf surface ”, sliding on a water cushion on the move of the vessel.

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